Hovhannes Kajaznuni
Hovhannes Katchaznouni Յովհաննէս Քաջազնունի | |
|---|---|
| File:Hovhannes Katchaznouni.jpg | |
| 1st Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Armenia | |
| In office May 30, 1918 – May 28, 1919 | |
| Succeeded by | Alexander Khatisyan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1868 Akhaltsikhe, Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire) |
| Died | 1938 Yerevan, Armenian SSR |
| Nationality | Armenian |
| Political party | Armenian Revolutionary Federation |
Hovhannes Katchaznouni (Armenian: Յովհաննէս Քաջազնունի) (Akhaltsikhe, Georgia 1868 – Yerevan, Armenia 1938) was the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Armenia from May 30, 1918 to May 28, 1919. He was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.
Personal life
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He was born in 1868 in the Akhaltsikhe region of present-day Georgia. Having studied architecture, he worked as an architect in Baku. He joined the Dashnak organization there. He became a member of the Armenian National Council in 1917 and was the Dashnak representative in the Seym (the Caucasian Parliament) until 1918. He was on the Armenian committee that conducted peace talks with the Ottoman Empire in Trabzon and Batoum. After the dissolution of the Transcaucasian Federation, he became the first Prime Minister of the independent Armenian state in 1918. He held this position until August 1919. He was arrested after the Bolsheviks came to power in Armenia in 1920. He left Armenia after the counter-revolutionary revolt against Bolshevik rule was suppressed in 1921. Years later, he returned to Soviet Armenia, to work there as an architect until his death in 1938.
Report to the 1923 ARF Congress
Katchaznouni prepared a critical report for the April 1923 ARF congress in Bucharest[1][2][3][4] titled "The Federation Has Nothing More to Do," which called for the dissolution of the Party and Armenian support of Soviet Armenia.[5][6][7][8] Its incendiary claims immediately drew rebuke from the party.[9][10][11][12] Until recently, the report was best known through its abridged English translation by Matthew Aram Callender, The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnagtzoutiun) Has Nothing to Do Any More and edited by Avedis Boghos Derounian. The translation emanated from the New York branch of the Armenian General Benevolent Union's Armenian Information Service.[13][14][15] The booklet's elusive nature can be attributed to the fact that the Congress was "highly secret and closed to the public" with little information about its circumstances being released,[16] and the fact that remaining copies have been "banned from [ARF] clubs and libraries for decades afterwards."[2]
Recently, a historian from Istanbul University named Mehmet Perinçek[17] found an unabridged Russian copy (printed in Tblisi, 1927) of the book in the Russian State Library in Moscow.[18] Perinçek said that he was the first person to have entered the Russian State archives (due to a simple absence of applications),[19] and that he has spent seven years studying them.[20] Following the discovery, translations of the text into several other languages were published by Kaynak Press, Istanbul.[21]
The booklet is controversial because it has been cited to support marginal arguments, such as the claim that Ottoman Armenians deserved their fate.
Bibliography
- Katchaznouni, Hovhannes (1955). John Roy Carlson (Arthur A. Derounian) (ed.). The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnagtzoutiun) Has Nothing to Do Anymore. Translated by Matthew A. Callender. New York: Armenian Information Service.
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References
- ^ Tölölyan, Khachig (1992). L. Winberg (ed.). "Terrorism in modern Armenian political culture". Terrorism and Political Violence. 4 (2). Routledge: 8–22. doi:10.1080/09546559208427146.
...the Party Congress of the ARF (Bucharest and Vienna), November 1992 to April 1923...
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ a b Weinberg, Leonard (1992). Political parties and terrorist groups. Routledge. pp. 15–17. ISBN 9780714634913.
(pg.15) ... the Party Congress of the ARF (Bucharest and Vienna, November 1922 to April 1923)... (pg.16) Only months after the congress, Hovhanness Kachaznouni, a government official of independent Armenia and a chief dissenter at the congress, published an expanded version of his arguments, which had not been heeded at the Vienna Convention. The book, Dashnagzootyune Anelik Chooni Aylevs (The ARF No Longer Has Anything To Do, Vienna : Mekhitarist Press, 1923), is a landmark of the party's history. It was banned from party clubs and libraries for decades afterwards...(pg.17) The party, he suggested, should dissolve itself and its former members should join new organizations specifically directed at serving the post-genocide diaspora.
- ^ Svajian, Stephen G (1977). A trip through historic Armenia. GreenHill. p. 418.
...the manifesto to the 'Dashnag Party Congress' in Bucharest, April 1923.
His manifesto is entitled, 'Dashnaktzoutune Has Nothing To Do Any More.' - ^ Bast, Oliver (2002). La Perse et la Grande Guerre. Institut français de recherche en Iran. ISBN 9782909961231.
...book which was originally 'a manifesto' he had presented to the convention of the foreign branches of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Bucharest, 1923)
- ^ Katchaznouni, Hovhannes (1923). Dashnaktsutiune anelik chuni ailevs (in Armenian). Vienna: Mechitarist Press.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1974). "Dimensions of Democracy and Authority in Caucasian Armenia, 1917-1920". Russian Review. 33 (1): 37–49. doi:10.2307/127620.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) See footnote 12. - ^ Nassibian, Akaby (1984). Britain and the Armenian question, 1915-1923. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 105. ISBN 9780312098094.
(Dashnaktsutiun Has Nothing To Do Any More) (Vienna, 1923)
(also London and Sydney: Croom Helm) - ^ Libaridian, Gerard J (1991). Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era. Blue Crane Books. p. 20. ISBN 0962871516.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Darbinian, Reuben (1923). Mer Pataskhane H. Kachaznunii (in Armenian). Boston: Hayrenik Tparan. Translates to "Our Answer/Response to H. Kachaznunii" (author's name also transliterated "Rouben", "Ruben", "Rooben", etc.)
- ^ "Books of the Armenian Research Center". Armenian Research Center. University of Michigan. 2003-05-07. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
Kachaznuni, [Hovhannes]. H.H. Dashnaktsutiwne anelik chuni aylews [Dashnaks Have Nothing To Do Any More] (Vienna: Mkhitarean Tparan, 1923).
We also have R. Darbinean's and S. Vratsean's responses...R. Darbinean, Mer pataskhane H. Kazaznunii and S. Vratsean, Kharkhapumner: H. Kajaznunu H.H. Dashnaktsutiwne anelik chuni aylews [girk artiw] [(Boston, MA: Hayreniki Tparan, 1924)], in Box 5 of the St. Sarkis books.{{cite web}}: line feed character in|quote=at position 150 (help) - ^ Gakavian, Armen (1997), "ARMENIAN DIASPORAN IDENTITY REIMAGINED, 1915-1985", PhD Thesis, Department of Government and Public Administration, University of Sydney, retrieved 2008-09-02,
...the former Prime Minister of Armenia, Hovhannes Kachaznouni, published a book, The ARF Has Nothing More to Do, and migrated to Soviet Armenia. As the title suggests, Kachaznouni argued that the ARF and the other parties had no role to play in Armenian political life, now that Armenia was Bolshevik. The opponents of the ARF, of course, capitalised on this. In the same year, a response was written to Kachaznouni by high-ranking party member Rouben Darbinian, who argued that Kachaznouni was wrong to give up hope, because Sovietisation would be short lived, and the ARF needed to continue the struggle for freedom.
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Derogy, Jacques (1990). Resistance and Revenge. Transaction. p. 167. ISBN 0887383386.
April 11[, 1923]. Letter from Shahan Natali to the Boston committee:
I was informed too late to be able to express my view towards the item put on the agenda of the next interim conference in Vienna; the position of the Party toward the sovietization of Armenia. You are not without responsibility for this delay, which has prevented me from making the party return to its revolutionary line.{{cite book}}: line feed character in|quote=at position 94 (help) - ^ Imprinted on the cover of the booklet: "Published by the Armenian Information Service, Suite 7D, 471 Park Ave., New York 22." Written on the last page: "The Armenian Information Service publishes the Armenian Reporter..."
- ^ Malkasian, Mark (1996). Gha-Ra-Bagh!. Wayne State University Press. p. 224. ISBN 9780814326046.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) See footnote 1 and 3. - ^ Simone, Christine (1993-03-01). "Is Armenia in the news? Yes and no". AGBU News. Armenian General Benevolent Union. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
AGBU's New York office of the Armenian Information Service ...
- ^ Vosbikian, Joseph (1995-12-16). "The ARF World Congress, Then and Now". Armenian Reporter.
As for the 1923 ARF convention and the 1995 26th World Congress of the ARF, both were highly secret and closed to the public; we were solely dependent on the information that has leaked out since and the recent public statements coming from their central bureau.
- ^ "Doktora: 2007-2008". ÖĞRENCİLER. İ.Ü. Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü. 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Özdemir, Sadi (2007-11-02). "Ermeni isyanını Perinçek buldu İTO ABD'ye gönderiyor". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Arman, Ayşe (2001-06-10). "En yakışıklı bilimsel sosyalist". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Sazak, Derya (2006-05-08). "Soykırım değil 'karşılıklı kırım'". Milliyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Books by 'Hovhannes Katchaznouni', Kaynak Press