Jump to content

Gilbert Baker (artist)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 2602:304:b23b:54b0:bdf1:1d47:caad:6713 (talk) at 18:56, 1 August 2017. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Gilbert Baker
Gilbert Baker at San Francisco Pride 2012
Born(1951-06-02)June 2, 1951
Chanute, Kansas, U.S.
DiedMarch 31, 2017(2017-03-31) (aged 65)[1][2]
New York City, U.S.
Other namesBusty Ross
OccupationsGay rights activist
Known forDesigning the rainbow flag
Websitegilbertbaker.com

For the Arkansas former state senator, see Gilbert Baker (politician).

Gilbert Baker (June 2, 1951 – March 31, 2017) was an American artist, gay rights activist, and designer of the rainbow flag (1978).

Baker's flag became widely associated with LGBT rights causes, a symbol of gay pride that has become ubiquitous in the decades since its debut. California state senator Scott Wiener said Baker "helped define the modern LGBT movement".

In 2015, the Museum of Modern Art ranked the rainbow flag as an internationally recognized symbol as important as the recycling symbol.[3]

Biography

Baker was born on June 2, 1951, in Chanute, Kansas.[4] He grew up in Parsons, Kansas, where his grandmother owned a women's clothing store.[5] His father was a judge and his mother was a teacher.[4]

Baker served in the United States Army from 1970 to 1972. He was stationed in San Francisco at the beginning of the gay rights movement. After his honorable discharge from the military, he taught himself to sew. He used his skill to create banners for gay-rights and anti-war protest marches. It was during this time that he met and became friends with Harvey Milk.[6] He also joined the gay drag activist group Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence stating,"At first it was glamorous and political, but when the Sisters became more organized, I became a tool of the right wing and raised money for Jerry Falwell", referring to video and images of the group that were used for right-wing Christian efforts, "so I stopped."[7]

Baker first created the Rainbow Flag with a collective in 1978.[4] He refused to trademark it, seeing it as a symbol that was for the LGBT community.[4] In 1979, Baker began work at Paramount Flag Company in San Francisco, then located on the southwest corner of Polk Street and Post Street in the Polk Gulch neighborhood. Baker designed displays for Dianne Feinstein, the Premier of China, the presidents of France, Venezuela, and the Philippines, the King of Spain, and many others. He also designed creations for numerous civic events and San Francisco Gay Pride. In 1984, he designed flags for the Democratic National Convention.[8]

In 1994, Baker moved to New York City, where he lived for the rest of his life.[4] Here, he continued his creative work and activism. That year he created the world's largest flag (at that time) in celebration of the 25th anniversary of the 1969 Stonewall Riots.[8]

In 2003, to commemorate the Rainbow Flag’s 25th anniversary, Baker created a Rainbow Flag that stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean in Key West.[8] After the commemoration, he sent sections of this flag to more than 100 cities around the world.[9] Due to his creation of the rainbow flag, Baker often used the drag queen name "Busty Ross", alluding to Betsy Ross.[5]

Baker died at home in his sleep on March 31, 2017 at age 65, in New York City.[1][4][10] The New York City medical examiner's office determined cause of death was hypertensive and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.[1] Upon Baker's death, California state senator Scott Wiener said Baker "helped define the modern LGBT movement".[11]

In Baker's memory, NewFest and NYC Pride partnered with a design team to create ‘Gilbert’, a rainbow font inspired by the Rainbow Flag.[12][13] As well, on June 2, 2017, the 66th anniversary of his birth, Google released a Google Doodle honoring Baker.[14]

Flag

The six-color version of the pride flag is most common. The original version from 1978 featured two additional stripes—hot pink and turquoise—which were removed for manufacturing and practical reasons.
Main article: Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)

The colors on the Rainbow Flag reflect the diversity of the LGBT community. When Baker raised the first rainbow flags at San Francisco Pride (his group raised two flags at the Civic Center) on June 25, 1978, it comprised eight symbolic colors:[15][16][17]


Hot pink Sex
Red Life
Orange Healing
Yellow Sunlight
Green Nature
Turquoise Magic/Art
Indigo Serenity
Violet Spirit


Thirty volunteers had helped Baker hand-dye and stitch the first two flags in the top-floor attic gallery of the Gay Community Center at 330 Grove Street in San Francisco.[5][18] Because using dye in public washing machines wasn't allowed, they waited until late at night to rinse the dye from their clothes, running a cycle with bleach in the washing machines after leaving.[5]

The design has undergone several revisions to remove two colors for expediency and later re-add those colors when they became more widely available.[19][20] As of 2008, the most common variant consists of six stripes, with the colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Baker referred to this version of the flag as the "commercial version", because it came about due to practical considerations of mass production.[21] Specifically, the rainbow flag lost its hot pink stripe when Baker approached the Paramount Flag Company to begin mass-producing them, and the hot pink fabric was too rare and expensive to include. The rainbow flag lost its turquoise stripe before the 1979 Gay Freedom Day Parade, as the committee organizing the parade wanted to fly the flag in two halves, from the light poles along both sides of Market Street, so it became a six-striped flag with equal halves.[5]

Media

In 2003, Baker and his Key West project were the subject of Rainbow Pride, a feature-length documentary by Marie Jo Ferron, bought by PBS National and debuting in New York on WNET. Baker recreated his original Rainbow Flag for the Academy-award-winning 2008 film Milk, and is shown being interviewed on one of the featurettes of the DVD release.[22]

In 2017, Baker was portrayed in Dustin Lance Black's When We Rise. In the second part of the miniseries Baker's character is shown sewing the flag and, later on, explaining to Ken Jones the reasoning for the colors he had chosen.

Museums and archives

Baker's work and related historical artifacts are represented in several major museum and archival collections. The GLBT Historical Society in San Francisco owns one of the sewing machines Baker used to produce the original rainbow flags in 1978, along with one of the limited-edition recreations of the eight-stripe design he produced to mark the 25th anniversary of the flag. In 2012, the society displayed both objects in an exhibition on the history of the flag at the GLBT History Museum which it sponsors in San Francisco's Castro District.[23] In 2015, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City acquired examples of the rainbow flag for its design collection, where curators ranked it as an internationally recognized symbol similar in importance to the Creative Commons logo and the recycling symbol.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c Hemmelgarn, Seth (June 2, 1951). "The Bay Area Reporter Online | Gilbert Baker, rainbow flag creator, dies". Ebar.com. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
  2. ^ "Gilbert Baker Obituary - Macon, GA | The Telegraph". Legacy.com. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
  3. ^ a b Antonelli, Paola (June 15, 2015). "MoMA Acquires the Rainbow Flag". Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Haag, Matthew (March 31, 2017). "Gilbert Baker, Gay Activist Who Created the Rainbow Flag, Dies at 65". The New York Times. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e Swanson, Ana. "How the rainbow became the symbol of gay pride". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  6. ^ Drash, Wayne (June 30, 2015). "Rainbow flag maker was inspired by Bible, U.S. flag". CNN. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
  7. ^ "The Bay Area Reporter Online | Rainbow flag creator
    Gilbert Baker to receive
    inauguralFounders Award"    . Bay Area Reporter. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
  8. ^ a b c Gilchrist, Tracy E. (March 31, 2017). "Rainbow Flag Creator and Activist Gilbert Baker Has Died at 65". The Advocate. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
  9. ^ "Gilbert Baker biography". Retrieved November 29, 2014.
  10. ^ Allday, Erin (March 31, 2017). "Gilbert Baker, designer of the rainbow flag, dead at 65". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
  11. ^ "Gilbert Baker, LGBT rainbow flag creator, dies aged 65". BBC News. April 1, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
  12. ^ Fitzgerald, Michael. "NYC Pride Announces New Free Font to Honor Rainbow Flag Creator Gilbert Baker". Towleroad. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  13. ^ Robertson, Michelle. "New font celebrates Gilbert Baker, designer of rainbow flag". SF Chronicle. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
  14. ^ "Gilbert Baker: Google Doodle honors creator of the rainbow flag". Usatoday.com. 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2017.
  15. ^ "San Francisco creator of gay flag shares story of strength, pride". ABC7 News. KGO-TV. March 1, 2017. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
  16. ^ How the Pride Rainbow Flag Came to Be (video). NBC News. June 23, 2016. Event occurs at 2:30. Retrieved June 2, 2017 – via YouTube. It's a flag, it needed to have depth, and so I liked the idea that each color would represent an element of everyone's life.
  17. ^ Gilbert Baker: The Gay Betsy Ross (video). In the Life Media. June 23, 2016. Event occurs at 2:31. Retrieved June 2, 2017 – via YouTube.
  18. ^ Witt, Lynn; Thomas, Sherry; Marcus, Eric (1997) [1995]. Out in All Directions: The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America. New York: Warner Books. p. 435. ISBN 0446672378. OCLC 37034700.
  19. ^ "The Rainbow Flag". Retrieved August 21, 2007. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  20. ^ Gilbert Baker (October 18, 2007). "Pride-Flyin' Flag: Rainbow-flag founder marks 30-years anniversary". Metro Weekly. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  21. ^ The Gay Betsy Ross on YouTube In the Life Media, 2009. Retrieved January 3, 2011.
  22. ^ "Gilbert Baker, Creator Of Rainbow LGBT Pride Flag, Dies". CBS. March 31, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
  23. ^ "GLBT History Museum presents "The Birth of the Rainbow Flag"". Edge Media Network. Edge Publications. June 18, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gilbert Baker.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Baker_(artist)&oldid=793436310"