1936 United States presidential election in North Dakota
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 County Results
Roosevelt 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80%
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| Elections in North Dakota |
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The 1936 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 3, 1936, as part of the 1936 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Ever since statehood, North Dakota had been overwhelmingly Republican at state level and in many presidential elections,[1] although progressive Democrat Woodrow Wilson was able to carry the state in both his campaigns in 1912 and 1916, in the second due to his anti-war platform. In the following three elections, the state's voting would be shaped by its extreme isolationism in the aftermath of President Wilson's pushing of the nation into World War I and his “League of Nations” proposal, to which the Russian-Germans who dominated North Dakota's populace were vehemently opposed.[2] North Dakota thus shifted markedly from voting four-to-one for Warren G. Harding against the pro-League James M. Cox in 1920, to being the second-strongest state for Robert La Follette under the Nonpartisan League banner in 1924, to strong pro-Catholic and anti-Prohibition voting for Al Smith in 1928. Severe drought and depression in the following three years turned the state overwhelmingly to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, despite President Hoover's call to “be safe” by supporting him, and at the same time North Dakota elected progressive, pro-New Deal Republicans to fill its House and Senate seats.[3] One of these, Gerald Nye, would say in 1934 that the GOP needed to
turn its back up “that which has been its undoing, namely the private money bags”.[4]
Roosevelt won North Dakota by a margin of 33.02 percentage points and for the second consecutive election carried every county in the state. As of the 2020 presidential election[update], this is the last time that a Democratic presidential candidate has carried every county in the state (which previously occurred in 1932 as well). This is also the last time one has carried the following counties: Golden Valley, Grant, Kidder, Logan, McIntosh, Mercer and Sheridan.[5]
Results
[edit]| 1936 United States presidential election in North Dakota[6] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Running mate | Votes | % | Electoral votes | |
| Democratic | Franklin D. Roosevelt | John Nance Garner | 163,148 | 59.60% | 4 | |
| Republican | Alf Landon | Frank Knox | 72,751 | 26.58% | 0 | |
| Union | William Lemke | Thomas C. O'Brien | 36,708 | 13.41% | 0 | |
| Socialist | Norman Thomas | George A. Nelson | 552 | 0.20% | 0 | |
| Communist | Earl Browder | James W. Ford | 360 | 0.13% | 0 | |
| Prohibition | D. Leigh Colvin | Claude A. Watson | 197 | 0.07% | 0 | |
| Total | 273,716 | 100.0% | 4 | |||
Results by county
[edit]| County[7] | Franklin Delano Roosevelt Democratic |
Alfred Mossman Landon Republican |
William Frederick Lemke Union |
Norman Mattoon Thomas Socialist |
Earl Russell Browder Communist |
David Leigh Colvin Prohibition |
Margin | Total votes cast | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 1,321 | 54.95% | 746 | 31.03% | 310 | 12.90% | 5 | 0.21% | 7 | 0.29% | 15 | 0.62% | 575 | 23.92% | 2,404 |
| Barnes | 4,484 | 57.89% | 2,324 | 30.00% | 909 | 11.74% | 17 | 0.22% | 4 | 0.05% | 8 | 0.10% | 2,160 | 27.89% | 7,746 |
| Benson | 3,343 | 62.33% | 1,020 | 19.02% | 985 | 18.37% | 11 | 0.21% | 1 | 0.02% | 3 | 0.06% | 2,323 | 43.32% | 5,363 |
| Billings | 729 | 59.17% | 329 | 26.70% | 155 | 12.58% | 18 | 1.46% | 1 | 0.08% | 0 | 0.00% | 400 | 32.47% | 1,232 |
| Bottineau | 3,286 | 56.86% | 1,224 | 21.18% | 1,236 | 21.39% | 24 | 0.42% | 2 | 0.03% | 7 | 0.12% | 2,050[a] | 35.47% | 5,779 |
| Bowman | 1,118 | 55.62% | 534 | 26.57% | 346 | 17.21% | 11 | 0.55% | 1 | 0.05% | 0 | 0.00% | 584 | 29.05% | 2,010 |
| Burke | 1,821 | 48.81% | 684 | 18.33% | 1,180 | 31.63% | 25 | 0.67% | 17 | 0.46% | 4 | 0.11% | 641[a] | 17.18% | 3,731 |
| Burleigh | 6,314 | 64.94% | 2,447 | 25.17% | 905 | 9.31% | 22 | 0.23% | 27 | 0.28% | 8 | 0.08% | 3,867 | 39.77% | 9,723 |
| Cass | 12,400 | 57.22% | 7,632 | 35.22% | 1,548 | 7.14% | 62 | 0.29% | 14 | 0.06% | 14 | 0.06% | 4,768 | 22.00% | 21,670 |
| Cavalier | 3,533 | 60.82% | 1,657 | 28.52% | 614 | 10.57% | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.02% | 3 | 0.05% | 1,876 | 32.29% | 5,809 |
| Dickey | 2,287 | 51.30% | 1,533 | 34.39% | 595 | 13.35% | 5 | 0.11% | 33 | 0.74% | 5 | 0.11% | 754 | 16.91% | 4,458 |
| Divide | 2,212 | 62.56% | 585 | 16.54% | 731 | 20.67% | 4 | 0.11% | 3 | 0.08% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,481[a] | 41.88% | 3,536 |
| Dunn | 2,257 | 66.76% | 732 | 21.65% | 379 | 11.21% | 1 | 0.03% | 11 | 0.33% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,525 | 45.10% | 3,381 |
| Eddy | 1,729 | 63.78% | 579 | 21.36% | 382 | 14.09% | 3 | 0.11% | 17 | 0.63% | 1 | 0.04% | 1,150 | 42.42% | 2,711 |
| Emmons | 2,424 | 57.95% | 1,117 | 26.70% | 638 | 15.25% | 2 | 0.05% | 2 | 0.05% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,307 | 31.25% | 4,183 |
| Foster | 1,894 | 68.65% | 685 | 24.83% | 175 | 6.34% | 4 | 0.14% | 1 | 0.04% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,209 | 43.82% | 2,759 |
| Golden Valley | 991 | 59.73% | 581 | 35.02% | 77 | 4.64% | 4 | 0.24% | 6 | 0.36% | 0 | 0.00% | 410 | 24.71% | 1,659 |
| Grand Forks | 9,222 | 63.39% | 4,312 | 29.64% | 980 | 6.74% | 17 | 0.12% | 9 | 0.06% | 9 | 0.06% | 4,910 | 33.75% | 14,549 |
| Grant | 1,858 | 53.76% | 1,022 | 29.57% | 566 | 16.38% | 6 | 0.17% | 4 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 836 | 24.19% | 3,456 |
| Griggs | 1,665 | 61.15% | 666 | 24.46% | 386 | 14.18% | 2 | 0.07% | 1 | 0.04% | 3 | 0.11% | 999 | 36.69% | 2,723 |
| Hettinger | 1,383 | 41.69% | 989 | 29.82% | 937 | 28.25% | 8 | 0.24% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 394 | 11.88% | 3,317 |
| Kidder | 1,492 | 50.89% | 872 | 29.74% | 561 | 19.13% | 1 | 0.03% | 6 | 0.20% | 0 | 0.00% | 620 | 21.15% | 2,932 |
| LaMoure | 2,412 | 49.52% | 1,614 | 33.13% | 826 | 16.96% | 11 | 0.23% | 1 | 0.02% | 7 | 0.14% | 798 | 16.38% | 4,871 |
| Logan | 1,292 | 45.11% | 984 | 34.36% | 584 | 20.39% | 1 | 0.03% | 2 | 0.07% | 1 | 0.03% | 308 | 10.75% | 2,864 |
| McHenry | 3,294 | 53.40% | 1,619 | 26.24% | 1,222 | 19.81% | 8 | 0.13% | 20 | 0.32% | 6 | 0.10% | 1,675 | 27.15% | 6,169 |
| McIntosh | 1,900 | 52.36% | 1,469 | 40.48% | 255 | 7.03% | 2 | 0.06% | 1 | 0.03% | 2 | 0.06% | 431 | 11.88% | 3,629 |
| McKenzie | 2,885 | 74.20% | 570 | 14.66% | 409 | 10.52% | 5 | 0.13% | 15 | 0.39% | 4 | 0.10% | 2,315 | 59.54% | 3,888 |
| McLean | 4,018 | 58.55% | 1,732 | 25.24% | 1,028 | 14.98% | 64 | 0.93% | 16 | 0.23% | 4 | 0.06% | 2,286 | 33.31% | 6,862 |
| Mercer | 1,924 | 53.16% | 1,142 | 31.56% | 548 | 15.14% | 3 | 0.08% | 2 | 0.06% | 0 | 0.00% | 782 | 21.61% | 3,619 |
| Morton | 5,612 | 69.37% | 1,857 | 22.95% | 608 | 7.52% | 3 | 0.04% | 3 | 0.04% | 7 | 0.09% | 3,755 | 46.42% | 8,090 |
| Mountrail | 2,775 | 58.19% | 700 | 14.68% | 1,227 | 25.73% | 20 | 0.42% | 39 | 0.82% | 8 | 0.17% | 1,548[a] | 32.46% | 4,769 |
| Nelson | 2,954 | 65.78% | 1,002 | 22.31% | 524 | 11.67% | 6 | 0.13% | 3 | 0.07% | 2 | 0.04% | 1,952 | 43.46% | 4,491 |
| Oliver | 906 | 57.60% | 469 | 29.82% | 197 | 12.52% | 1 | 0.06% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 437 | 27.78% | 1,573 |
| Pembina | 4,139 | 63.86% | 2,040 | 31.48% | 293 | 4.52% | 6 | 0.09% | 3 | 0.05% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,099 | 32.39% | 6,481 |
| Pierce | 2,168 | 57.60% | 912 | 24.23% | 676 | 17.96% | 4 | 0.11% | 3 | 0.08% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,256 | 33.37% | 3,764 |
| Ramsey | 4,559 | 65.19% | 1,784 | 25.51% | 642 | 9.18% | 6 | 0.09% | 1 | 0.01% | 1 | 0.01% | 2,775 | 39.68% | 6,993 |
| Ransom | 2,385 | 55.49% | 1,303 | 30.32% | 600 | 13.96% | 5 | 0.12% | 3 | 0.07% | 2 | 0.05% | 1,082 | 25.17% | 4,298 |
| Renville | 1,766 | 61.73% | 611 | 21.36% | 444 | 15.52% | 37 | 1.29% | 2 | 0.07% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,155 | 40.37% | 2,861 |
| Richland | 3,792 | 49.92% | 2,386 | 31.41% | 1,361 | 17.92% | 47 | 0.62% | 6 | 0.08% | 4 | 0.05% | 1,406 | 18.51% | 7,596 |
| Rolette | 3,186 | 71.89% | 857 | 19.34% | 386 | 8.71% | 3 | 0.07% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,329 | 52.55% | 4,432 |
| Sargent | 2,306 | 64.47% | 863 | 24.13% | 397 | 11.10% | 6 | 0.17% | 3 | 0.08% | 2 | 0.06% | 1,443 | 40.34% | 3,577 |
| Sheridan | 1,150 | 41.10% | 834 | 29.81% | 808 | 28.88% | 1 | 0.04% | 2 | 0.07% | 3 | 0.11% | 316 | 11.29% | 2,798 |
| Sioux | 877 | 52.70% | 585 | 35.16% | 198 | 11.90% | 2 | 0.12% | 2 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 292 | 17.55% | 1,664 |
| Slope | 896 | 63.05% | 331 | 23.29% | 193 | 13.58% | 1 | 0.07% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 565 | 39.76% | 1,421 |
| Stark | 4,012 | 65.35% | 1,602 | 26.10% | 511 | 8.32% | 8 | 0.13% | 2 | 0.03% | 4 | 0.07% | 2,410 | 39.26% | 6,139 |
| Steele | 1,444 | 50.26% | 724 | 25.20% | 698 | 24.30% | 4 | 0.14% | 3 | 0.10% | 0 | 0.00% | 720 | 25.06% | 2,873 |
| Stutsman | 5,564 | 59.39% | 2,725 | 29.09% | 1,064 | 11.36% | 11 | 0.12% | 2 | 0.02% | 3 | 0.03% | 2,839 | 30.30% | 9,369 |
| Towner | 1,744 | 54.26% | 720 | 22.40% | 743 | 23.12% | 3 | 0.09% | 4 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,001[a] | 31.14% | 3,214 |
| Traill | 2,780 | 52.76% | 1,807 | 34.29% | 666 | 12.64% | 5 | 0.09% | 6 | 0.11% | 5 | 0.09% | 973 | 18.47% | 5,269 |
| Walsh | 5,756 | 70.32% | 1,813 | 22.15% | 604 | 7.38% | 8 | 0.10% | 2 | 0.02% | 2 | 0.02% | 3,943 | 48.17% | 8,185 |
| Ward | 8,872 | 63.12% | 3,142 | 22.36% | 2,005 | 14.27% | 15 | 0.11% | 13 | 0.09% | 8 | 0.06% | 5,730 | 40.77% | 14,055 |
| Wells | 3,114 | 58.78% | 1,263 | 23.84% | 918 | 17.33% | 3 | 0.06% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,851 | 34.94% | 5,298 |
| Williams | 4,903 | 65.61% | 1,021 | 13.66% | 1,478 | 19.78% | 23 | 0.31% | 44 | 0.59% | 4 | 0.05% | 3,425[a] | 45.83% | 7,473 |
| Totals | 163,148 | 59.60% | 72,751 | 26.58% | 36,708 | 13.41% | 552 | 0.20% | 360 | 0.13% | 197 | 0.07% | 90,397 | 33.03% | 273,716 |
Analysis
[edit]Controversial Louisiana Governor and Senator Huey P. Long had planned to run against incumbent Roosevelt on an economically more radical platform in the 1936 election,[8] but was assassinated in September 1935. The ashes of Long's movement were taken over by “radio priest” Father Charles Coughlin, who nominated local Representative William Lemke as the presidential candidate of the new “Union Party” on June 9,[9] whose platform was vague and clearly Coughlin's personal creation.[10] Lemke had had a long history as a progressive reformer since endorsing Woodrow Wilson in 1912.[11]
Lemke was a poor campaigner and speaker, and unable to build his hoped-for “consensus of despair” amongst agrarian radicals, southern poor whites, Catholics and the elderly.[12] The “favorite son” effect and the state's extreme isolationism meant Lemke received 13.41 percent of his home state's vote – over four and a half times the 2.88 percent of on-ballot votes he won nationally.[b] Lemke exceeded 28 percent in the counties of Burke, Sheridan and Hettinger, and ran second ahead of Republican nominee Alf Landon in six counties. However, he did not make the impact personally expected when nominated, and unlike elsewhere in the nation, Lemke's best vote was not where ethnic and religious influences might have been expected to give him the largest vote, but in the northwest where local leaders held votes for him.[13] Nonetheless, only Ross Perot in 1992 and Evan McMullin in 2016 have since equaled Lemke's performance for a third-party candidate in any non-southern county.[c]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f In this county where Lemke ran second ahead of Landon, margin given is Roosevelt vote minus Lemke vote and percentage margin Roosevelt percentage minus Lemke percentage.
- ^ The Lemke—O‘Brien ticket was not on the ballot in Arkansas, California, Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Vermont and West Virginia.
- ^ Between 1948 and 1968 inclusive, the political impact of the Civil Rights Movement meant unpledged and "Dixiecrat" nominees frequently exceeded Lemke’s best performance and outpolled one or both major-party nominees in the Deep South and occasionally elsewhere in antebellum slave states.
References
[edit]- ^ Hansen, John Mark; Shigeo Hirano, and Snyder, James M. Jr.; ‘Parties within Parties: Parties, Factions, and Coordinated Politics, 1900-1980’; in Gerber, Alan S. and Schickler, Eric; Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America, pp. 143-159 ISBN 978-1-107-09509-0
- ^ Lubell, Samuel; The Future of American Politics (1956), pp. 156-164
- ^ Grant, Michael Johnston; Francis, Charles A. and Flora, Cornelia; Down and Out on the Family Farm: Rural Rehabilitation in the Great Plains, 1929-1945, pp. 69-70 ISBN 9780803271050
- ^ Sheppard, Si; The Buying of the Presidency? Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Election of 1936, p. 25 ISBN 9781440831058
- ^ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
- ^ "1936 Presidential General Election Results – North Dakota". Retrieved November 4, 2018.
- ^ "ND US President Race, November 03, 1936". Our Campaigns.
- ^ Berlet, Chip and Lyons, Matthew N.; Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort, p. 128 ISBN 9781572305687
- ^ Brinkley, Alan; Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression, p. 255 ISBN 9780394522418
- ^ Schlesinger, Arthur M.; The Politics of Upheaval, 1935-1936, pp. 554-559 ISBN 0618340874
- ^ Pearson, Drew and Allen, Robert S.; ‘The Washington Merry-Go-Round’; The Lock Haven Express, August 1, 1936, p. 1
- ^ Horowitz, David A.; Beyond Left and Right: Insurgency and the Establishment, pp. 113-114 ISBN 0252065689
- ^ Blackorby, Edward C.; ‘William Lemke: Agrarian Radical and Union Party Presidential Candidate’; The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 49, No. 1 (June 1962), pp. 67-84
