Jump to content

Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

Coordinates: 46°13′19″N 6°09′04″E / 46.2219°N 6.1511°E / 46.2219; 6.1511
Checked
Page protected with pending changes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

46°13′19″N 6°09′04″E / 46.2219°N 6.1511°E / 46.2219; 6.1511

Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement
Former names
The Graduate Institute of International Studies (1927–2007)
TypeSemi-private, semi-public graduate school
Established1927[1]
FounderWilliam Rappard and Paul Mantoux
DirectorMarie-Laure Salles
Academic staff
153[2]
Students1,092 (86% international)[3]
Location
Geneva
,
Switzerland
CampusUrban
Working languagesEnglish
French
NicknameThe Graduate Institute
Geneva Graduate Institute
IHEID
HEI
AffiliationsAPSIA
Europaeum
EUA
ECUR
EADI
AUF
Websitewww.graduateinstitute.ch

The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (French: Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement, abbreviated IHEID), also known as the Geneva Graduate Institute, is a public-private graduate-level university located in Geneva, Switzerland.[4][5][6]

The institution counts one UN secretary-general (Kofi Annan), seven Nobel Prize recipients, one Pulitzer Prize winner, and numerous ambassadors, foreign ministers, and heads of state among its alumni and faculty.[7] Founded by two senior League of Nations officials,[8] the Geneva Graduate Institute maintains strong links with that international organisation's successor, the United Nations,[9] and many alumni have gone on to work at UN agencies.

Overview

[edit]

Founded in 1927, the Geneva Graduate Institute is the world's first graduate school dedicated solely to the study of international affairs.[10][11] It offered one of the first doctoral programmes in international relations in the world.

Today the school enrolls close to a thousand postgraduate students from over 100 countries. Foreign students make up nearly 90% of the student body and the school is officially a bilingual English-French institution, although the majority of classes are in English.[12]

With Maison de la Paix acting as its primary seat of learning, the Institute's campuses are located blocks from the United Nations Office at Geneva, International Labour Organization, World Trade Organization, World Health Organization, International Committee of the Red Cross, World Intellectual Property Organization and many other international organisations.[13][14]

The school runs joint degree programmes with universities such as Smith College and Yale University, and is Harvard Kennedy School's only partner institution to co-deliver double degrees.[15]

It is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs, a group of schools that specialize in public policy, public administration, and international affairs.[16]

History

[edit]

Founding and early years

[edit]
The Villa Barton campus on the shores of Lake Geneva
The Villa Moynier campus
One of the Institute's campus sites, the Maison de la paix

The Graduate Institute of International Studies was co-founded in 1927 by two scholar-diplomats working for the League of Nations Geneva secretariat: the Swiss William Rappard, director of the Mandates Section, and the Frenchman Paul Mantoux, director of the Political Section.[8][17][18] Initial funding was provided by the U.S.-based Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund, which later merged with the Rockefeller Foundation, along with matching contributions from the Swiss government and Canton of Geneva.[19] The school was affiliated to the University of Geneva, though independent in its program of studies and personnel.[20] Funding from American philanthropic organizations, primarily the Rockefeller Foundation as part of its initiative to promote a scientific approach to international relations, continued until 1954.[21][22]

At the time, the Geneva Graduate Institute was "among the most important centres of [international relations] scholarship,"[23] alongside other schools, mostly located in Europe, that included the Institute of Higher International Studies in Paris, the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik (or German Academy for Politics) in Berlin, the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna, and the Walsh School of Foreign Service in the United States.[24]

The Geneva Graduate Institute's original mandate was based on a close working relationship with both the League of Nations and the International Labour Organization. It was agreed that in exchange for training staff and delegates, the school would receive intellectual resources and diplomatic expertise (guest lecturers, etc.) from the aforementioned organisations. According to its statutes, the Geneva Graduate Institute was "an institution intended to provide students of all nations the means of undertaking and pursuing international studies, most notably of a historic, judicial, economic, political and social nature."[8]

To fulfill its mission, the Geneva Graduate Institute developed starting in 1924 a system of summer cours temporaires (temporary courses), known as the Geneva Institute of International Relations, with financial support by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.[25] The courses were given by guest lecturers on a weekly, semester, or yearly basis.[26][27] They attracted scholars like Raymond Aron, René Cassin, Luigi Einaudi, John Kenneth Galbraith, G. P. Gooch, Gottfried Haberler, Friedrich von Hayek, Hersch Lauterpacht, Lord McNair, Gunnar Myrdal,[28] Harold Nicolson, Philip Noel Baker, Pierre Renouvin, Lionel Robbins, Jean-Rodolphe de Salis, Harold Laski, Eric Voegelin, Carlo Sforza, Jacob Viner, Quincy Wright and Martin Wight.[29][30]

A different initiative, the Geneva School of International Studies, also offered summer programs at the Geneva Graduate Institute starting in the mid-1920s. These schools were run by Oxford University international relations professor Alfred Zimmern, who also sat on the Committee of the Geneva Graduate Institute, and were funded by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and several other wealthy American donors.[31] They would be attended by hundreds of students yearly and were particularly popular with American students.[32][33][34][35] The "Geneva Schools" or "Zimmern Schools," as they became known, were taught by leading scholars like Louis Eisenmann, Ernst Jäckh, Paul Mantoux, and Arnold J. Toynbee alongside a variety of "public men" such as Edvard Beneš, Lord David Cecil, Paul Hymans, Fridtjof Nansen, and Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter.[36][35] The last Geneva School was held in 1939.[37]

World War II

[edit]

The Geneva Graduate Institute had become known in the 1930s as a stronghold of neoliberal scholarship.[34][38][39][40] As a result, it managed to attract during World War II a number of faculty and lecturers from countries with Nazi regimes, e.g., Hans Wehberg [de] and Georges Scelle for law, Maurice Bourquin for diplomatic history, and Swiss jurist Paul Guggenheim. Subsequently, more scholars would join the institute's faculty. Hans Kelsen, theorist and philosopher of law, Guglielmo Ferrero, Italian historian, and Carl Burckhardt, scholar and diplomat were employed at the Geneva Graduate Institute. Other arrivals included Ludwig von Mises, and another economist, Wilhelm Ropke.[41]

Expansion

[edit]
IHEID's earlier logo at Villa Barton's main gate

With the Rockefeller Foundation ending its funding in 1954, the Canton of Geneva and the Swiss government began to bear most of the costs associated with the school. This transfer of financial responsibility coincided with the arrival of Rappard's successor as the school's director, historian Jacques Freymond in 1955. Freymond inaugurated a period of great expansion, increasing the range of subjects taught and the number of both students and faculty. Under his tenure, the Geneva Graduate Institute hosted many international colloquia that discussed preconditions for East–West negotiations, relations with China and its rising influence in world affairs, European integration, techniques and results of politico-socioeconomic forecasting (the famous early Club of Rome reports, and the Futuribles project led by Bertrand de Jouvenel), the causes and possible antidotes to terrorism, Pugwash Conference concerns and much more. Freymond's term also saw many landmark publications, including the Treatise on international law by Paul Guggenheim and the six-volume compilation of historical documents relating to the Communist International.[42]

Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Library

Nevertheless, the Geneva Graduate Institute remained small during that period. Before the 1980s, the faculty never exceeded 25 members.

Merger, renaming and separation from the University of Geneva

[edit]

In 2008, the Graduate Institute of International Studies absorbed the Graduate Institute of Development Studies (abbreviated IUED), a smaller postgraduate institution also based in Geneva and founded in 1961. To reflect its new and broader mission, the school was renamed Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.[43] In 2009, its previous affiliation with the University of Geneva ended when the Swiss government accredited it as a university independently, rather than through the University of Geneva.[44][45]

The history of the Graduate Institute of Development Studies also involves Jacques Freymond, who founded the institution in 1961 as the Centre genevois pour la formation des cadres africains, later renamed Institut Africain de Genève, or African Institute of Geneva.[46] It was among the pioneer institutions in Europe to develop the scholarly field of sustainable development. The school was also known for the critical view of many of its professors on development aid, as well as for its journal, the Cahiers de l'IUED.[47]

Academics

[edit]

The Geneva Graduate Institute has nearly 1,100 students. Of these, about a third are PhD students, and two thirds are master's students. Fourteen percent come from Switzerland. The remainder come from more than 100 other countries. Around 63 percent are women.[48]

Departments

[edit]

The Geneva Graduate Institute maintains five academic departments each headed by a faculty chair. They are the departments of international law; international relations & political science; international history & politics; international economics; and anthropology and sociology.[49]

Academic programmes

[edit]

The Geneva Graduate Institute offers six master programmes, four executive master programmes, and five PhD programmes. They include:

  • Master of International and Development Studies (MINT)
  • LLM in International Law
  • Masters of International Law; International Relations/Political Science; International History and Politics; International Economics; and Anthropology and Sociology
  • PhD programme in International Law; International Relations/Political Science; International History and Politics; International Economics; and Anthropology and Sociology[50][51]

Admission

[edit]
Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Library

Admission to the Geneva Graduate Institute's study programmes is highly competitive, with only 14% of applicants attending the Geneva Graduate Institute in 2014.[52] The Institute awards its own degrees. It only offers master- and PhD-level programmes.[53]

Ranking

[edit]

As a small institution offering exclusively graduate programmes, the Geneva Graduate Institute does not participate in university rankings of large universities.[54] However, It has been ranked by a handful of rankings for specialized universities.

In Foreign Policy's 2024 Inside the Ivory Tower ranking of best international relations schools wordlwide, both U.S. international relations faculty and U.S. think tank staffers ranked the Geneva Graduate Institute's master's programs 20th. In Europe, the master's programs of the London School of Economics and Political Science and Sciences Po also ranked in the master's top 20. Meanwhile, the PhD programs for policymakers ranked 20th worldwide when assessed by U.S. international relations faculty, 23th when ranked by U.S. policymakers, and 26th when ranked by U.S. think tank staffers. The other Europe-based PhD programs for policymakers listed in the top 20 by U.S. international relations faculty were at the University of Oxford, the London School of Economics and Political Science, the University of Cambridge, and Sciences Po.[55]

In 2012, The Geneva Graduate Institute was listed among the Foreign Policy Association's "Top 50 International Affairs Graduate Programs."[56]

The LL.M. in international dispute settlement, offered jointly with the University of Geneva by the Geneva Center for International Dispute Settlement, was ranked 2nd worldwide according to a 2012 survey of law firms conducted by the Global Arbitration Review.[57] This same LL.M. also consistently featured in the top 10 LL.M. for alternative dispute resolution by the specialised website LL.M.-guide.[58][59] The Graduate Institute's LL.M. in international law also featured in the top 10 LL.M. for public international law compiled by LLM-guide.[60] The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights' LL.M. in international humanitarian law and human rights—a joint programme between the Geneva Graduate Institute and the University of Geneva—also featured in LLM-guide's top 10 LL.M. programmes for human rights law.[61]

Research centres

[edit]

The Geneva Graduate Institute is home to twelve research centers.[62] They include the Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy, the Centre for Finance and Development, the Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding, the Hoffmann Centre for Global Sustainability, and the Small Arms Survey.

Campus

[edit]

The Campus de la paix is a network of buildings extending from Place des Nations (the United Nations Headquarters in Geneva) to the shores of Lake Geneva, spanning two public parks – Parc Barton and Parc Moynier.[63]

Maison de la paix

[edit]
Maison de la paix ("House of Peace")
The Edgar and Danièle de Picciotto Student Residence (left) and the Maison de la Paix (right)

The Graduate Institute's main campus is the Maison de la paix (literally "House of Peace"), which opened in 2013.[64] The Maison de la Paix is a 38,000 meter-square glass building distributed into six connected sections. It contains the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Library, which holds 350,000 books about social sciences, journals and annual publications, making it one of Europe's richest libraries in the fields of development and international relations. It is named after two Institute alumni—Ambassador Shelby Cullom Davis and his wife Kathryn Davis, following the Davis' $10 million donation to the institute.[65]

In addition to serving as the institute's main campus, the Maison de la paix also houses policy centres and advocacy groups with close ties to the Institute such as the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, Interpeace, the International Institute of Humanitarian Law and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.[64]

Historic villas

[edit]

Another section of the campus are two historic villas situated by Lake Geneva, Villa Barton and Villa Moynier. Villa Barton served as the institute's main campus from 1937 to 2007.[66] It now mostly houses administrative staff. Adjacent to Villa Barton, the World Trade Organization's headquarters, known as the Centre William Rappard, housed the Geneva Graduate Institute's library during that period.[67]

Villa Moynier, since 2009, houses the Institute-based Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights and Geneva Center for International Dispute Settlement. The building holds a symbolic significance as it was originally owned by Gustave Moynier, co-founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and subsequently used by the League of Nations and as the headquarters of the ICRC between 1933 and 1946.[68]

At the time of the Geneva Graduate Institute's founding in the early 20th century, the school was briefly housed in an hôtel particulier, located at Promenade du Pin 5, that now houses the Bibliothèque d'art et d'archéologie (Genève) [fr].[69]

Student housing

[edit]

The Geneva Graduate Institute owns and operates two halls of residence in Geneva. The Edgar and Danièle de Picciotto Student Residence neighbors the main campus, Maison de la Paix. It was completed in 2012 and provides 135 apartments for students and visiting professors. The Grand Morillon Student Residence opened to students in 2021 and accomodates 680 residents. It was designed by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma.[70][71]

Publications

[edit]
  • Journal of International Dispute Settlement – Established by the Geneva Graduate Institute and the University of Geneva in 2010, the JIDS is dedicated to international law with commercial, economic and financial implications. It is published by Oxford University Press.[72]
  • International Development Policy – A peer-reviewed e-journal edited by the Geneva Graduate Institute that promotes research and policy debates on global development.[73]
  • Relations internationales – Relations Internationales publishes research on international relations history ranging from the end of the 19th century to recent history. It is a co-publication of the Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University and the Geneva Graduate Institute.[74]

International relations

[edit]

Partnerships

[edit]

The Graduate Institute has exchange partnerships with the following institutions internationally:[75]

Networks

[edit]

The Graduate Institute is an active member of the following associations and academic networks:

Academic awards and prizes conferred

[edit]

The Paul Guggenheim Prize in International Law was created in 1979 and is awarded to young practitioners of international law on a biannual basis.[83][84] The Edgar de Picciotto International Prize is awarded every two years and worth 100,000 Swiss Francs. It rewards an internationally renowned academic whose research has contributed to enhancing the understanding of global challenges and whose work has influenced policy-makers.[85]

People

[edit]

Alumni

[edit]
Main article: List of alumni of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

The Graduate Institute has more than 24,000 alumni working around the world. Notable alumni and faculty include one UN secretary-general (Kofi Annan), seven Nobel Prize recipients, one Pulitzer Prize winner, and numerous ambassadors, foreign ministers, and heads of state.[86]

Faculty

[edit]
Main page: Category:Academic staff of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

Former faculty

[edit]

Current faculty

[edit]

Source:[107]

Organisation

[edit]

Leadership

[edit]

The founding directors of the Graduate Institute of International Studies were Paul Mantoux (1927-1951) and William Rappard (1928-1955). The school was then headed by Jacques Freymond (1955-1978), Christian Dominicé (1978-1984), Lucius Caflisch (1984-1990), Alexandre Swoboda (1990-1998), Peter Tschopp (de) (1998-2002), Jean-Michel Jacquet (2002-2004) and Philippe Burrin (2004-2020). Its current director is Marie-Laure Salles.[108]

[edit]

The Graduate Institute is constituted as a Swiss private law foundation, Fondation pour les hautes études internationales et du développement, sharing a convention with the University of Geneva.[109] This is a particular organisational form, because the Graduate Institute is constituted as a foundation of private law fulfilling a public purpose. In addition, the political responsibility for the Institute shared between the Swiss Confederation and the canton of Geneva. Usually in Switzerland, it is the responsibility of the cantons to run public universities, except for the Federal Institutes of Technology (ETHZ and EPFL). The Graduate Institute is therefore something like a hybrid institution, in-between the two standard categories.[110]

Foundation Board

[edit]

The Foundation Board is the administrative body of the Institute. It assembles academics, politicians, people of public life and practitioners. Its members have included Carlos Lopes (ex-U.N. under secretary general), Julia Marton-Lefèvre (former director general of the International Union for Conservation of Nature) and Jacques Marcovitch.[43][111]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Mission Statement" (PDF). Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  2. ^ "Who We Are". Geneva Graduate Institute.
  3. ^ "The Geneva Graduate Institute's 2023 Annual Report | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  4. ^ "Members" (in German, French, Italian, and English). Berne, Switzerland: swissuniversities. 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  5. ^ "Recognised or Accredited Swiss Higher Education Institutions" (in German, French, Italian, and English). Berne, Switzerland: swissuniversities. 2018. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  6. ^ "Our governance | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  7. ^ "Academic Departments". graduateinstitute.ch. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  8. ^ a b c Peter, Ania (1983). "William E. Rappard and the League of Nations: A Swiss contribution to international organization". The League of Nations in Retrospect: Proceedings of the Symposium. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 221–222. ISBN 3-11-008733-2.
  9. ^ "United Nations Office at Geneva and The Graduate Institute's Global Governance Centre Resume International Geneva Luncheons | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  10. ^ Mohammad Younus Fahim. Diplomacy, The Only Legitimate Way of Conducting International Relations. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781446697061. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  11. ^ Rietzler, Katharina Elisabeth (October 2009). American foundations and the 'scientific study' of international relations in Europe, 1910-1940 (Doctoral thesis). UCL (University College London).
  12. ^ "2018 Rapport d'activité (2018 Activity Report)" (PDF). Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  13. ^ "The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies – Geneva". 30 September 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  14. ^ Dufour, Nicolas (26 September 2013). "La Maison de la paix, "une effervescence pour Genève"". Le Temps. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  15. ^ "Dual Degree". www.hks.harvard.edu. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  16. ^ "Members of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs". Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA). 11 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  17. ^ Van Dongen, Luc (2015). "Former des élites non communistes pour le tiers-monde : l'Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales (IUHEI), les États-Unis et la Guerre froide". Relations Internationales. 3 (163): 15–28. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  18. ^ Berdahl, Clarence A. (October 1938). "The World Crisis. By Professors of the Graduate Institute of International Studies. (New York and London: Longmans, Green and Company. 1938. Pp. Xii, 385. 10s.6d.)". American Political Science Review. 32 (5): 982–984. doi:10.2307/1948236. JSTOR 1948236. S2CID 147145334.
  19. ^ "Chapter 13: The Maison de la Paix, or the Art of Rounding the Angles". République et canton de Genève.
  20. ^ Potter, Pitman B. (1968). "The Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva". The American Journal of International Law. 62 (3): 740–742. doi:10.1017/S0002930000103628. ISSN 0002-9300. JSTOR 2197291.
  21. ^ Rietzler, Katharina Elisabeth (October 2009). American foundations and the 'scientific study' of international relations in Europe, 1910-1940 (Doctoral thesis). UCL (University College London).
  22. ^ Fleury, Antoine (2020), Badel, Laurence (ed.), "Atlantique mais indépendante, Relations internationales, une revue franco-suisse de la guerre froide", Histoire et relations internationales, Internationale (in French), Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne, pp. 131–142, ISBN 979-10-351-0702-4, retrieved 18 October 2024
  23. ^ Stöckmann, Jan, ed. (2022), "Genesis of a Discipline", The Architects of International Relations: Building a Discipline, Designing the World, 1914-1940, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 72–118, ISBN 978-1-316-51161-9, retrieved 28 October 2024
  24. ^ Stöckmann, Jan, ed. (2022), "Genesis of a Discipline", The Architects of International Relations: Building a Discipline, Designing the World, 1914-1940, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 72–118, ISBN 978-1-316-51161-9, retrieved 28 October 2024
  25. ^ Rietzler, Katharina Elisabeth (October 2009). American foundations and the 'scientific study' of international relations in Europe, 1910-1940 (Doctoral thesis). UCL (University College London).
  26. ^ International Relations in a Changing World. Brill Archive. 23 August 1977. ISBN 978-90-286-0497-1.
  27. ^ Stöckmann, J. (2017). The formation of International Relations: ideas, practices, institutions, 1914-1940 (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
  28. ^ "Gunnar Myrdal". Encyclopædia Britannica Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  29. ^ "Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales IUHEI". Université de Genève.
  30. ^ Fleury, Antoine (29 June 2022), Badel, Laurence (ed.), "Atlantique mais indépendante, Relations internationales, une revue franco-suisse de la guerre froide", Histoire et relations internationales (in French), Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne, pp. 131–142, ISBN 979-10-351-0702-4, retrieved 17 December 2023
  31. ^ Rietzler, Katharina Elisabeth (October 2009). American foundations and the 'scientific study' of international relations in Europe, 1910-1940 (Doctoral thesis). UCL (University College London).
  32. ^ "SCHOOL STUDIES WORLD RELATIONS; Many American Students Attend the Institution At Geneva Founded by Professor Zimmern And Devoted to Ideals of Internationalism". The New York Times. 10 April 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  33. ^ "Godkin Lecturer States Facts of Geneva School". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  34. ^ a b Magness, Phillip W. (30 December 2018). "What Does 'Neoliberalism' Really Mean?". Reason.com. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  35. ^ a b Stöckmann, J. (2017). The formation of International Relations: ideas, practices, institutions, 1914-1940 (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
  36. ^ Owens, Patricia; Rietzler, Katharina (4 July 2023). "Polyphonic internationalism: The Lucie Zimmern School of International studies". The International History Review. 45 (4): 623–642. doi:10.1080/07075332.2023.2177321. ISSN 0707-5332.
  37. ^ Owens, Patricia; Rietzler, Katharina (2023). "Polyphonic internationalism: The Lucie Zimmern School of International studies". The International History Review. 45 (4): 623–642. doi:10.1080/07075332.2023.2177321. ISSN 0707-5332.
  38. ^ "IHEID and Neoliberalism: Reflecting on the Institute's neoliberal history and practice | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  39. ^ Mirowski, Philip; Plehwe, Dieter (19 June 2009). The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03318-4.
  40. ^ Dyson, Kenneth (21 January 2021). Conservative Liberalism, Ordo-liberalism, and the State: Disciplining Democracy and the Market. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-259621-5.
  41. ^ jam, Journal des arts et métiers (9 May 2019). "Ces libéraux qui vécurent à Genève". Journal des arts et métiers jam (in French). Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  42. ^ Wright, Michael (10 October 2020). "The Europaeum bulletin - Oct 2020". Europaeum. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  43. ^ a b "Fondation pour l'étude des relations internationales et du développement, Genève: Statuts de la fondation et composition du premier conseil de fondation". news.admin.ch (in French). Département fédéral de l'intérieur. 16 May 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  44. ^ www.graduateinstitute.ch https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/discover-institute/la-qualite-linstitut/current-accreditation. Retrieved 22 August 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  45. ^ "L'IHEID de Genève est reconnu comme institution universitaire - Le Temps" (in French). 28 October 2009. ISSN 1423-3967. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
  46. ^ "Chapter 13: The Maison de la Paix, or the Art of Rounding the Angles | Genève internationale". www.geneve-int.ch. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  47. ^ "L'IUED refait le monde depuis 40 ans – Infosud – Tribune des Droits Humains". infosud.org. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
  48. ^ "The Geneva Graduate Institute's 2023 Annual Report | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  49. ^ "Academic Departments | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  50. ^ "Master & PhD Programmes | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  51. ^ "IHEID FC Executive Course Catalogue | Geneva Graduate Institute". executive.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  52. ^ "Nos étudiants représentent plus de 100 nationalités". Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  53. ^ "Diplomas". Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  54. ^ "Rankingy". Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  55. ^ Tierney, Irene Entringer García Blanes, Susan Peterson, Michael J. (26 August 2024). "The Top International Relations Schools of 2024, Ranked". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 24 August 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  56. ^ "International Affairs Grad School Guide" (PDF). Foreign Policy Association. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  57. ^ "LLM Survey" (PDF). Global Arbitration Review. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  58. ^ "Top LL.M. Programs for Alternative Dispute Resolution 2020".
  59. ^ "LLM Guide Top 10 Methodology".
  60. ^ "Top LL.M. Programs for Public International Law 2020".
  61. ^ "Top 10 LL.M. Programs for Human Rights Law 2020".
  62. ^ "Research Centres | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  63. ^ "Campus de la Paix | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  64. ^ a b Sophie Davaris (3 December 2008). "IHEID dévoile son campus et la future Maison de la paix". Tribune de Genève (in French). Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  65. ^ Philippe Burrin (Spring 2009). "A US$ 10 Million Grant from Mrs Kathryn Davis". Globe No. 3. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  66. ^ "Classement du décor et du mobilier de la Villa Barton et mise à l'inventaire des cinq pavillons de l'IHEID". ge.ch (in French). Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  67. ^ "WTO | About the organization - The WTO building: Centre William Rappard: Welcome". www.wto.org. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  68. ^ "Historic villas". www.bsne.ch. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  69. ^ Potter, Pitman B. (1968). "The Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva". The American Journal of International Law. 62 (3): 740–742. ISSN 0002-9300.
  70. ^ "Opening of the Grand Morillon Student Residence | IHEID".
  71. ^ "Our residences | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
  72. ^ "About the Journal". Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  73. ^ "International Development Policy". Brill. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  74. ^ "Présentation – Relations Internationales" (in French). Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  75. ^ "Exchange programmes | IHEID". graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  76. ^ "APSIA Member - The Graduate Institute, Geneva". Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA). 9 May 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  77. ^ "Member directory". eua.eu. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  78. ^ "Member Network". Europaeum. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  79. ^ "ECPR Member Institutions". ecpr.eu. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  80. ^ gmbh, ganzgraph. "EADI: European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes". www.eadi.org. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  81. ^ "Agence universitaire de la Francophonie". AUF (in Canadian French). Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  82. ^ "Willkommen - swissuniversities". www.swissuniversities.ch. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  83. ^ "Academic Awards and Prizes | IHEID".
  84. ^ n.a. (1979). "Announcements: Paul Guggenheim Foundation" (PDF). Cambridge University Press.
  85. ^ "The Edgar de Picciotto International Prize | IHEID".
  86. ^ "Alumni Community | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  87. ^ "Maurice Allais". The Nobel Prize.
  88. ^ Crabtree, James. "The Globotics Upheaval by Richard Baldwin — white-collar disruption". Financial Times.
  89. ^ "Carl Jacob Burckhardt". Oxford Reference.
  90. ^ "Kemal Dervis". Turkuaz Republic.
  91. ^ "Customary International Law". Edward Elgar.
  92. ^ a b "A Swiss Oasis of Liberal Sanity in a Totalitarian Europe". The Future of Freedom Foundation. November 2022.
  93. ^ "Remembering the victims of National Socialism with Saul Friedländer". German Bundestag.
  94. ^ Bermann, George A. (2021). "In Memoriam: Emmanuel Gaillard". Indian Rev. Int'l Arb. 8.
  95. ^ "Guggenheim, Paul". Dodis. Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland. 15 September 1899.
  96. ^ "Milestones". Time. 23 May 1977.
  97. ^ "Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales IUHEI". Université de Genève.
  98. ^ "Olivier Long, GATT Director-General, 1968 to 1980". World Trade Organization.
  99. ^ "Theodor Meron". New York University School of Law.
  100. ^ "Von Mises, Ludwig". Encyclopedia.com.
  101. ^ "Biography". The Works of Robert Mundell. 24 June 2010.
  102. ^ "Gunnar Myrdal". Encyclopædia Britannica Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  103. ^ "Shalini Randeria". Central European University.
  104. ^ Heilperin, Michael A. (1966). "Wilhelm Röpke in Memoriam". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv. 97: 1–5. JSTOR 40436696.
  105. ^ "Dr. Jacob Miner, Economist, Dead". The New York Times. 13 September 1970.
  106. ^ "Curriculum vitae Jean Ziegler" (PDF). OHCHR.
  107. ^ "Our Faculty". Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
  108. ^ "The Institute and the International Community: 90 Years of History" (PDF). Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
  109. ^ "The Foundation". IHEID. 2012. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  110. ^ "Bund finanziert Genf neue Hochschule". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). 28 May 2006. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  111. ^ "Foundation Board | IHEID". www.graduateinstitute.ch. Retrieved 28 May 2024.

Bibliography

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
  • The Graduate Institute of International Studies Geneva: 75 years of service towards peace through learning and research in the field of international relations, The Graduate Institute, 2002.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Graduate_Institute_of_International_and_Development_Studies&oldid=1256101718"