List of sovereign states in the 1840s
This is a list of sovereign states in the 1840s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1840 and 31 December 1849. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
Sovereign states
[edit]A
[edit]
Abdelkader – Emirate of Abdelkader (to 1847)
Capital: Tagdemt
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella
Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg
Capital: Bernburg
Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
Capital: Dessau- Anhalt-Köthen – Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen
Capital: Köthen 
Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
Annam – Empire of Annam
Capital: Huế- Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
Capital: Monsol 
Argentina – Argentine Confederation
Capital: Buenos Aires
Aro – Aro Confederacy
Capital: Arochukwu
Ashanti – Asante Union
Capital: Kumasi
Austria – Austrian Empire
Capital: Vienna
B
[edit]- Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
Capital: Karlsruhe - Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
Capital: Massenya - Bambara – Bambara Empire
Capital: Ségou - Baol – Kingdom of Baol
Capital: Diourbel - Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland
Capital: Maseru 
Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
Capital: Munich
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels
Benin – Benin Empire
Capital: Benin City- Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
Capital: Thimphu 
Bolivia – Bolivian Republic (to October 28, 1836, from August 25, 1839)
Capital: Sucre
Bornu – Bornu Empire
Capital: Ngazargamu
Brazil – Empire of Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro
Bremen – Free City of Bremen
Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick
Capital: Braunschweig
Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
Capital: Mengo
Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
Capital: Bukhara
Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
Capital: Hoima
Burma – Kingdom of Burma
Capital: Ava- Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi
Capital: Bujumbura
C
[edit]
Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
Capital: Oudong- Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
Capital: Mboul 
Chile – Republic of Chile
Capital: Santiago- China – Great Qing Empire
Capital: Beijing - Comancheria
Costa Rica
Capital: San Jose- Free State of Costa Rica (to August 31, 1847)
- Republic of Costa Rica (from August 31, 1848)
D
[edit]- Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
Capital: Abomey - Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti
Capital: N'Délé 
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen
→ 
Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic (from February 27, 1844)
Capital: Santo Domingo
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E
[edit]
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito
El Salvador – El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador
Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
Capital: Addis Ababa
F
[edit]- Fiji – Tui Viti
Capital: Suva 
→ 
→ France
Capital: Paris- Kingdom of France (to February 23, 1848)
- French Republic (from February 23, 1848)
Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt
Capital: Frankfurt am Main- Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
Capital: Timbo - Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro
Capital: Orefonde
G
[edit]- Garo – Kingdom of Garo
- Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
Capital: Agaro 
Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Capital: Athens
→ 
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City- Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma
H
[edit]
→ 
Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince- Republic of Haiti (to August 26, 1849)
- Empire of Haiti (from August 26, 1849)
Hamburg – Free city of Hamburg
Capital: Hamburg
Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover
Capital: Hanover
→ 
Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
Capital: Lāhainā
Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
Capital: Darmstadt
Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg
Capital: Bad Homburg
Hesse-Kassel – Electorate of Hesse
Capital: Kassel
Hohenzollern-Hechingen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Capital: Hechingen- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Capital: Sigmaringen 
Holstein – Duchy of Holstein
Capital: Glückstadt
Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Capital: Tegucigalpa
Hyderabad State – State of Hyderabad
Capital: Hyderabad
J
[edit]
Jabal Shammar – Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Capital: Ha'il- Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
Capital: Fofa 
Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
Capital: Edo- Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
Capital: Jimma - Johor – Johor Sultanate
Capital: Tanjung Puteri - Jolof – Jolof Kingdom
Capital: Linguère
K
[edit]- Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu
Capital: Kansala - Kabul – Emirate of Kabul
Capital: Kabul - Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
Capital: Anderaccha - Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
Capital: Sikasso - Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
Capital: Médine 
Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
Capital: Khiva
Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
Capital: Kokand- Kong – Kong Empire
Capital: Kong 
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Capital: São Salvador
Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
Capital: Hanseong- Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya
Capital: Cape Mount
L
[edit]
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz
Limburg – Duchy of Limburg- Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
Capital: Saqqa 
Lippe – Principality of Lippe-Detmoldt
Capital: Detmold
Loango – Kingdom of Loango
Capital: Buali- Luba – Luba Empire
Capital: Mwibele
Lübeck – Free City of Lübeck
Capital: Lübeck- Lunda – Lunda Empire
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City
M
[edit]
Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
Capital: Male
Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
Capital: Imphal
Massina – Massina Empire
Capital: Hamdullahi- Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
Capital: Bulawayo 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Capital: Schwerin- Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Capital: Neustrelitz 
→ 
Mexico
Capital: Mexico City- Centralist Republic (to August 22, 1846)
- Second Federal Republic (from August 22, 1846)
Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
Capital: Cotabato City
Modena – Duchies of Modena and Reggio
Capital: Modena
Moldavia – Principality of Moldavia
Capital: Iași
Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco City
Montenegro – Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
Capital: Cetinje
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
Capital: Fes
N
[edit]
Nassau – Duchy of Nassau
Capital: Wiesbaden
Natalia – Natalia Republic
Capital: Pietermaritzburg (to May 12, 1843)
Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam
New Granada – Republic of New Granada
Capital: Santa Fé de Bogotá- Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua 
Norway – Kingdom of Norway (in personal union with Sweden)
Capital: Oslo
O
[edit]
Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
Capital: Oldenburg (city)
→ 
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
Capital: Constantinople- Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
Capital: Abeche - Oyo – Oyo Empire
Capital: Oyo Ile
P
[edit]
Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
Capital: Kuantan
Papal States – States of the Church
Capital: Rome
→ 
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asuncion
Parma – Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
Capital: Parma
Perak – Sultanate of Perak
Capital: Ipoh
Persia – Persian Empire
Capital: Tehran
Peru
Capital: Lima- Foundational Period of the Republic (to August 16, 1842)
- Military Anarchy (from August 16, 1842 to April 20, 1845)
- Guano era (from April 20, 1845)
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Capital: Lisbon
Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia
Capital: Berlin
Punjab – Sikh Empire
Capital: Lahore
R
[edit]- Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line
Capital: Greiz
Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line
Capital: Gera
Russia – Russian Empire
Capital: St. Petersburg- Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
Capital: Nyanza, Rwanda 
Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū
Capital: Shuri
S
[edit]- Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
Capital: Apia 
San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino
Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak (from September 24, 1841)
Capital: Kuching
Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia
Capital: Turin
Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
Capital: Altenburg
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Capital: Coburg, Gotha- Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
Capital: Meiningen 
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Capital: Weimar
Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony
Capital: Dresden- Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
Capital: Bückeburg 
Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig
Capital: Schleswig, Flensburg, Copenhagen
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Capital: Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Capital: Sondershausen
Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
Capital: Shah Alam
Serbia – Principality of Serbia
Capital: Belgrade
Siam – Kingdom of Siam
Capital: Bangkok- Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
Capital: Gangtok 
Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
Capital: Sokoto
Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Capital: Madrid
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Capital: Astana Putih
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
Capital: Stockholm
Switzerland
Capital: Bern- Swiss Confederation (to September 12, 1848)
- Swiss Confederation (from September 12, 1848)
T
[edit]
→ 
Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
Capital: Papeete- Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
Capital: Nuku'alofa 
Toro – Toro Kingdom- Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
Capital: Segou 
Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Capital: Florence
Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Capital: Naples
U
[edit]
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Capital: London
United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington D.C.
United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
Capital: Corfu
Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo
V
[edit]
Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas
W
[edit]
Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Capital: Arolsen- Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
Capital: Sodo 
Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg
Capital: Stuttgart
Z
[edit]- Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus
Capital: kwaBulawayo, umGungundlovu, Ulundi
States claiming sovereignty
[edit]
Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
Capital: Kutaraja- Germany – German Empire (from March 28, 1848)
Capital: Frankfurt - Goust – Republic of Goust
Capital: Goust 
Hungary – Hungarian State (from April 14 – August 13, 1849)
Capital: Buda
Riogranda – Riograndense Republic
Capital: Piratini
Rio Grande – Republic of the Rio Grande (from January 17 – November 6, 1840)
Capital: Laredo
Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
Capital: Tavolara
Texas – Republic of Texas
Capital: Austin
Yucátan – Republic of Yucatán (from March 16, 1841)
Capital: Mérida
