Timeline of Fez
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Fez, Morocco.
Prior to 20th century
[edit]| History of Morocco |
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- 789 – Madinat Fas settlement (later Fes el Andalous) established by Idris I of Morocco.[1]
- 809 – Second settlement (later Fes el Karaouyine) established by Idris II of Morocco.[2][3][4]
- 818 – Andalucian Arab refugees arrive (approximate date).[2]
- 825 – Tunisian Kairouan refugees arrive.[2]
- 828 – Idris II of Morocco dies.
- 848 – Yahya ibn Muhammad in power.
- 859 – Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque founded.
- 980 – Maghrawa in power.[5]
- 1033 – 1033 Fez massacre of Jews.[citation needed]
- 1070 – Almoravids in power.[6]
- 1145 – Almohads take city.[5]
- 1204 – the fortifications of Fes el-bali completed.
- 1248 – Marinids in power.[6]
- 1276 – Fes Jdid built.[5]
- 1325 – Al-Attarine Madrasa completed.[7]
- 1355 – Bou Inania Madrasa completed.[8]
- 1357 – Dar al-Magana water clock built.[9]
- 1408 – Lalla Ghariba mosque built at Fes Jdid.[1]
- 1437 – Probable date of the transfer of Jewish population of Fes el-Bali to the Mellah in Fes Jdid.[10][11][12]
- 1465 – 1465 Moroccan revolt.
- 1472 – Wattassids in power.
- 1522 – Earthquake.[2]
- 1554 – Capture of Fez by the Ottoman Empire[13]
- 1554 – Recapture of Fez by the Saadian Sultan Mohammed Al-Shaykh.
- 1576 – Capture of Fez by Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi and his forces.
- 1670 – Cherratine Madrasa rebuilt.[1][14]
20th century
[edit]- 1912
- March: Morocco becomes a French protectorate, per Treaty of Fez.[1]
- April: 1912 Fez riots.[1]
- Moroccan capital relocated from Fez to Rabat.
- 1913 – Bab Boujeloud (gate) refurbished.[2]
- 1916 – Ville Nouvelle founded.[1]
- 1917 – Kissariyya market fire.[15]
- 1920 – Public library opens.[16]
- 1931 - Future billionaire Othman Benjelloun born in Fez.
- 1940 - student music association orchestra at fez as now music Institute in fez has founded there. (First called fez youth orchestra)
- 1942 – Cinema Rex opens.[17]
- 1946 – Maghreb Association Sportive de Fez football club formed.
- 1948 – Widad Fez football club formed.
- 1951 - Population: 179,372.[18]
- 1963 – University of al-Qarawiyyin active.
- 1973 - Population: 321,460 city; 426,000 urban agglomeration.[19]
- 1981 – Medina of Fez designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- 1988 - A Trappist community is founded upon invitation of the archbishop of Rabat and is housed in the former Bellevue Hotel. The monks move in 1999 to Midelt.[20]
- 1990 – 14 December: Labour strike.[21]
- 1993 - Population: 564,000 urban agglomeration (estimate).[22]
- 1994 – World Sacred Music Festival begins.
- 1999 – Rabat–Fes expressway built.[23]
21st century
[edit]
- 2003 – Hamid Chabat becomes mayor.
- 2004 – Population: 947,000.[1]
- 2005 – École nationale des sciences appliquées de Fès (school) established.
- 2007 – After a construction period from 1994 to 2003,Fez Stadium opens in 2007.
- 2011 ** International Institute for Languages and Cultures established.
- Population: 1,088,000.[24]
- 2014 - Population: 1,126,551 (estimate).[25]
- 2015
- City becomes part of the Fès-Meknès administrative region.
- Idriss Azami Al Idrissi becomes mayor.
See also
[edit]- Fez history
- Timelines of other cities in Morocco: Casablanca, Marrakesh, Meknes, Rabat, Salé, Tangier
- Timeline of Morocco
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Bosworth 2007.
- ^ a b c d e Watson 1996.
- ^ Le Tourneau, Roger (1949). Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman. Casablanca: Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition. p. 35.
- ^ Rivet, Daniel (2012). Histoire du Maroc: de Moulay Idrîs à Mohammed VI. Fayard. p. 83.
- ^ a b c Thomas K. Park; Aomar Boum (2006). "Fes". Historical Dictionary of Morocco (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6511-2.
- ^ a b Hsain Ilahiane (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6490-0.
- ^ Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (2014). Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne. Paris: Louvre éditions. p. 486. ISBN 9782350314907.
- ^ Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (2014). Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne. Paris: Louvre éditions. p. 474. ISBN 9782350314907.
- ^ Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (2014). Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne. Paris: Louvre éditions. pp. 492–493. ISBN 9782350314907.
- ^ Rguig, Hicham (2014). "Quand Fès inventait le Mellah". In Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (eds.). Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne. Paris: Louvre éditions. pp. 452–454. ISBN 9782350314907.
- ^ Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438-1912)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 60 (3): 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758. JSTOR 991758.
- ^ Ben-Layashi, Samir; Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2018). "Myth, History, and Realpolitik: Morocco and its Jewish Community". In Abramson, Glenda (ed.). Sites of Jewish Memory: Jews in and From Islamic Lands. Routledge. ISBN 9781317751601.
- ^ Britannica 1910.
- ^ Michael E. Bonine (1990). "Islamic Cities of Morocco". In Oleg Grabar (ed.). Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Vol. 4. Koninklijke Brill. p. 50+. ISBN 978-90-04-09347-8.
- ^ Stacy E. Holden (2007). "Constructing an Archival Cityscape: Local Views of Colonial Urbanism in the French Protectorate of Morocco". History in Africa. 34: 121–132. doi:10.1353/hia.2007.0008. JSTOR 25483694. S2CID 154077505.
- ^ Lola Souad (1993). "Morocco". In Robert Wedgeworth (ed.). World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (3rd ed.). American Library Association. p. 585+. ISBN 978-0-8389-0609-5.
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Fez, Morocco". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Flachaire, Jean-Pierre (2006). "Le monastère Notre Dame de l'Atlas au Maroc" (PDF). Collectanea Cisterciensia. 68: 1–18. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ Cairoli 1999.
- ^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Sweco; Nordic Consulting Group (2003), Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links (PDF), vol. 2: Description of Corridors, African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
- ^ The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 10 September 2015. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014.
- ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
Bibliography
[edit]in English
[edit]- Published in 19th century
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Fez", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- Josiah Conder (1830), "City of Fez", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
- H.M.P. de la Martinière (1889), "(Fez)", Morocco: Journeys in the Kingdom of Fez and to the Court of Mulai Hassan, London: Whittaker & Co., OCLC 4428176
- Leo Africanus; John Pory (1896), "Fez", in Robert Brown (ed.), History and Description of Africa, vol. 2, London: Hakluyt Society, OCLC 2649691 (written in 16th century)
- Published in 20th century
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 306–307.
- Edith Wharton (1920), "Fez", In Morocco, New York: Scribner
- "Fez, Heart of Morocco", National Geographic Magazine, vol. 67, Washington DC, 1935
- Arden, Harvey (March 1986). "Morocco's Ancient City of Fez". National Geographic. 169 (3): 330–353. ISSN 0027-9358.
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Fes". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. p. 275+. ISBN 978-1884964039.
- M. Laetitia Cairoli (1999). "Garment Factory Workers in the City of Fez". Middle East Journal. 53 (1): 28–43. JSTOR 4329282. PMID 22010309.
- Stefano Bianca (2000), "(Fez)", Urban form in the Arab world, Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich, ISBN 978-3728119728
- Published in 21st century
- Mark Ellingham (2001), "Fes", Rough Guide to Morocco (6th ed.), London: Rough Guides, p. 198+, OL 24218635M
- Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Fez". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. p. 257+. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Fez". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 137+. ISBN 978-9004153882.
- Simon O'Meara (2007). "Foundation Legend of Fez". In Amira K. Bennison and Alison L. Gascoigne (ed.). Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World. Routledge. p. 27+. ISBN 978-1-134-09650-3.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Fez", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 151–153
- "Fez". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.
- Rachel Newcomb (2009). Women of Fes: Ambiguities of Urban Life in Morocco. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4124-2.
in French
[edit]- Histoire des souverains du Maghreb (Espagne et Maroc) et annales de la ville de Fès (in French). 1860.
- Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Maroc: Description des villes: Fes". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. (+ table of contents)
- Laribe; et al. (1922). Maroc pittoresque: Fès-Meknès-et-région: album de photographies (in French). Marseille.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Maurice de Périgny (1922). Au Maroc; Fès, la capitale du nord. Pays modernes (in French). P. Roger.
- A. Fejjal (1986). "Industrie et industrialisation à Fès". Méditerranée (in French). 59 (4): 63–74. doi:10.3406/medit.1986.2427.
- Jean-François Troin (1995). "Fès et Marrakech: Evolution comparée de deux capitales régionales marocaines". Cahiers de la Méditerranée (in French). 50: 149–169. doi:10.3406/camed.1995.1143.
- C. Agabi; J. C. Santucci (1997). "Fès. (Fas)". Fès (in French). Vol. 18. Éditions Peeters. pp. 2766–2777. ISBN 9782857449485 – via Revues.org.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Mohamed Métalsi (2002). Fès, la ville essentielle (in French). Paris.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Brahim Akdim; Mohamed Laaouane (2010). "Patrimoine et développement local à Fès: priorités, acteurs et échelles d'action". Norois (in French). 214 (1): 9–21. doi:10.4000/norois.3083 – via Revues.org.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fes.
- Map of Fes, 1942.
- "Morocco: Fez". Archnet. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013.
- "(Articles related to Fez)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre.
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