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    {{Excerpt|inline=yes|List of sourdough breads}}

    A loaf of homemade sourdough bread

    This is a list of sourdough breads. Sourdough is prepared through the fermentation of dough using naturally occurring lactobacilli and yeast. The lactic acid produced by the lactobacilli imbues it a more sour taste, as well as extending its shelf life compared to other breads.[a][2][3] Sourdough baking has a devoted community today. Many devotees share starters and tips via the Internet,[4] and hobbyists often proudly share their work on social media.[5][6]

    Taxonomic ranks

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    species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain, life
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    (Woese et al. 1990[7]):

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    Go placidly amid the noise and the haste, and remember what peace there may be in silence. As far as possible, without surrender, be on good terms with all persons.

    Speak your truth quietly and clearly; and listen to others, even to the dull and the ignorant; they too have their story.

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    Desiderata by Max Ehrmann.


    Ehrmann, Bertha, ed. (1948). The Poems of Max Ehrmann.
    Bruce Humphries, Inc. p. 165.
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    …the Stasi often used a method which was really diabolic. It was called Zersetzung, and it's described in another guideline. The word is difficult to translate because it means originally "biodegradation." But actually, it's a quite accurate description. The goal was to destroy secretly the self-confidence of people, for example by damaging their reputation, by organizing failures in their work, and by destroying their personal relationships. Considering this, East Germany was a very modern dictatorship. The Stasi didn't try to arrest every dissident. It preferred to paralyze them, and it could do so because it had access to so much personal information and to so many institutions.
    —Hubertus Knabe, German historian[8]

    References

    1. ^ Hui, Y.H.; Evranuz, E.Ö. (2012). Handbook of Plant-Based Fermented Food and Beverage Technology, Second Edition. Food science and technology. Taylor & Francis. p. 495. ISBN 978-1-4398-4904-0. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
    2. ^ Gänzle, Michael G. (2014). "Enzymatic and bacterial conversions during sourdough fermentation". Food Microbiology. V International Symposium on Sourdough - Cereal Fermentation for Future Foods, Helsinki 10–12 October 2012. 37: 2–10. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2013.04.007. ISSN 0740-0020. PMID 24230468.
    3. ^ Gadsby, Patricia; Weeks, Eric. "The Biology of... Sourdough". Discover. Discover Magazine. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
    4. ^ Harris, Lynn (2003-08-01). "Sourdough Culture". Gastronomica. 3 (3): 76–79. doi:10.1525/gfc.2003.3.3.76. ISSN 1529-3262.
    5. ^ Nordhagen, Ari (2020-10-09). "Sourdough Goes Viral: Lucky Lady Bread shares her starter during COVID-19 crisis". Edible Inland Northwest.
    6. ^ Scott, Chey (2020-03-14). "Homemade sourdough bread is seeing a quarantine-spurred resurgence; two local experts share their best bread-baking advice". Inlander. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
    7. ^ Woese, C. R.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. L. (1 June 1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (12): 4576–4579. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159. PMID 2112744.
    8. ^ Hubertus Knabe: The dark secrets of a surveillance state, TED Salon, Berlin, 2014
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    Unique plants in the Ruwenzori Mountains, SW Uganda, Bujuku Valley, at about 12,139 feet (3,700 metre) elevation)
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    …the Stasi often used a method which was really diabolic. It was called Zersetzung, and it's described in another guideline. The word is difficult to translate because it means originally "biodegradation." But actually, it's a quite accurate description. The goal was to destroy secretly the self-confidence of people, for example by damaging their reputation, by organizing failures in their work, and by destroying their personal relationships. Considering this, East Germany was a very modern dictatorship. The Stasi didn't try to arrest every dissident. It preferred to paralyze them, and it could do so because it had access to so much personal information and to so many institutions.
    —Hubertus Knabe, German historian[1]
    WikiProject header

    DYK

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    • Oppose and tag as an information page. At its inception, the page never received actual formal discussion to be enacted as a real English Wikipedia guideline page. Instead, label Wikipedia:Portal/Guidelines as an information page using the {{information page}} template. There are many reasons why.
    • The gist of the lead for the portal was added subjectively and unilaterally by one user in 2006 (diff), and no discussion appears to have actually occurred about it until relatively recently. Guidelines should be decided upon via consensus, not by a unilateral addition of content from one user. Meantime, the page has been treated as an actual guideline, despite the content being based solely upon one person's opinion, which furthermore, was added to the page at its infancy.
    • Furthermore, the page was shortly thereafter marked as historical (diff), with an edit summary stating, "{{historical}}, not an active proposal per lack of talk page activity; suspect lack of advertisement".
    • After this, and importantly, the historical template was removed (diff), with an edit summary stating, "removed historical tag; this was not intended as a proposed Wikipedia Guideline, but merely guidelines as in advice for portal creators." (Underline emphasis mine).
    • Per the diffs, the page was not even intended as a proposed guideline from the start, and no consensus was ever formed for the content therein. The page was intended from the start as an information page. It's actually rather a farce that the page was somehow converted to a guideline page, because there doesn't appear to be any meaningful discussion leading to that change. It's like someone just slapped the Guideline page template page on it and it just simply stuck thereafter, sans any consensus.
    • Furthermore, the lead of the present WP:POG page is worded as an illogical and bizarre syllogism. Some users have been stating that if a portal does not receive what they deem to be adequate page views or maintenance, then the topic itself is somehow not broad enough. Of course, this standard could not be used anywhere else on Wikipedia, because people would reject this as absurd. For example, the Music article does not receive a great deal of page maintenance, yet the topic itself is obviously broad in scope, both in terms of the topic itself and in terms of the amount of related content available on English Wikipedia. The manner in which this syllogism is worded on the page is subjective and inferior, and has been misused to define topical scope as based upon page views and page maintainers, rather than upon the actual scope of a given topic.

    I notice POG being utilized in various areas of Wikipedia like it's still a guideline, after it was demoted as a guideline. Here is my 2 cents:

    • In the event you were not aware of it, per this discussion, which was closed on 26 September 2019 (UTC), is specifically what led to POG being demoted from being a guideline. At the discussion, it was determined that "there is clear consensus that the "Portal guidelines" are not, in fact, official guidelines."
    • Below is detailed information regarding why POG was never valid as a guideline in the first place. I have posted it in collapsed form to keep your talk page tidy.
    • I am surprised to see users on Wikipedia in various areas still referring to it as though if it is a guideline, when in fact, it was never valid as one in the first place.
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    Candidate Type Result Date of close Tally
    S O N %
    Voorts RfA Successful 8 Nov 2024 156 15 4 91
    FOARP AE Successful 4 Nov 2024 268 106 242 72
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    Northamerica1000 information
    Northamerica1000 (talk · message · contribs · global contribs · deleted contribs · page moves · user creation · block user · block log · count · total · logs · summary · email | lu · rfas · rfb · arb · rfc · lta · checkuser · spi · socks | rfar · rfc · rfcu · ssp | current rights · rights log (local) · rights log (global/meta) | rights · renames · blocks · protects · deletions · rollback · admin · logs | UHx · AfD · UtHx · UtE)
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    1. ^ Hubertus Knabe: The dark secrets of a surveillance state, TED Salon, Berlin, 2014
    2. ^ "Best Of 2014: An Entire Year of Hangover Cures". Vice. December 1, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
    3. ^ Barrell , Ryan (March 13, 2017). "13 Hangover Cures the World Swears By". Paste. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
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    "The American journalist George Kennan (1854-1924) spent many years travelling in and writing about Russia. After the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881, Kennan wanted to go to Siberia to examine the penal system and the punishment of political exiles. In this unflinching account, published in two volumes in 1891, Kennan gives vivid descriptions, accompanied by extensive illustrations of the prisons and labour camps and the harsh lives of the people forced to live there."

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    • Confirmation bias – the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, while giving disproportionately less consideration to alternative possibilities.[1]
    • Groupshift – a phenomenon in which the initial positions of individual members of a group are exaggerated toward a more extreme position.Template:Efn When people are in groups, they make decisions about risk differently from when they are alone. In the group, they are likely to make riskier decisions, as the shared risk makes the individual risk less.
    • Information cascade – occurs when a person observes the actions of others and then – despite possible contradictions in his/her own private information signals – engages in the same acts. A cascade develops whereby people "abandon their own information in favor of inferences based on earlier people's actions".[3]
    • Mind map – a diagram used to visually organize information. A mind map is hierarchical and shows relationships among pieces of the whole.[4] It is often created around a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added. Major ideas are connected directly to the central concept, and other ideas branch out from those.
    • Social proof – a psychological phenomenon where people assume the actions of others in an attempt to reflect correct behavior for a given situation. This effect is prominent in ambiguous social situations where people are unable to determine the appropriate mode of behavior, and is driven by the assumption that surrounding people possess more knowledge about the situation.
    • Synaptic plasticity – the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.[5] It is a concept in neuroscience.

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