This page aims to provide an overview of all the ferry services in the Caspian Sea between Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Iran.

All ferry journeys on the Caspian are cargo ships with space for passengers; do not expect a comfortable ride! Because of the nature of the trips, there is no set schedule for when boats arrive and depart, and despite promises of a departure time, weather or port congestion can delay ships for hours...or days. Pack your patience for an exciting adventure!

Services

The Caspian Sea

The only routes available at this time on the Caspian are from Baku, Azerbaijan, to Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan, and Baku to Aktau, Kazakhstan. There may be a route from Astrakhan, Russia, to Turkmenbashi, but information on this is scarce.

These ferries don't leave on a set schedule. Similar to minibus travel, they leave when full -- and when weather permits. You can find out about departures by calling +994559999124 or if in Alat, leaving your phone number at the ticket office and having someone call you when the departure is scheduled. Furthermore, the ASCO site shows ship movements. Under "Ro-Ro and Ferries at port" the ship's destination field will be blank at first, but typically assigned a destination on the same day of a departure. If you see the destination added, there's a good chance the ship will leave within the day, barring any weather issues.

Buying tickets can be done online or in person at the port in Alat. You may need to show your visas. As of October 2023, the fare is $70 for a passenger which includes 3 meals per day plus a cabin berth and linens.

The following boats are known to take passengers: Nakchivan, Dagistan, Qara Qarayev, Heydar Aliyev, Mercurij-1, Professor Gul, Barda, Shaki and Akademik Topchubashov. You may be able to see these on this map.

Baku-Aktau

This service normally leaves every 3-5 days, although serious delays of up to 2 weeks have been reported on this service. Be prepared for many hours of waiting at the port and on the ship even on the day of departure. The trip lasts about 20 hours, but likely more if the ship needs to anchor outside when the destination port is full or the weather turns stormy. All ferries depart from Alat. The price for a ticket (berth and three decent meals per day included) is the daily tenge equivalent of US$70 as of October 2023.

Baku-Turkmenbashi

The Baku-Turkmenbashi service normally leaves every day or so, and takes 17 hours.

The Turkmenbashi service is more reliable than the Aktau service, however Turkmenbashi's port is sometimes too busy, making boats anchor outside until they are allowed in. This is usually a day or two, but a wait of six days has been reported. Ensure that your Turkmenistan transit visa will not expire in these circumstances.

The price for a ticket was US$90 in January 2015.

Tickets and ports

Azerbaijan – Baku and Alat

As the main port of call on the western side of the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan is the most common destination (or source) for passengers crossing the Caspian. Ships depart from Alat, 70 km south of the capital.

Buying tickets

Tickets can be purchased online with a credit card or in-person at the port, in cash. ATMs are available. It's not clear if tickets are still sold in Baku as ferries only depart from Alat, so you shouldn't count on it.

Vika (Victoria), Amina and other people work at the ticket office; Vika speaks English, while Amina only speaks Azeri and Russian. They will organise space for you and your vehicle (if required). Amina can be reached on ☏ +994 55 555 17 57, please call from 10:00-11:00 to find out if boats are departing. Other numbers which may connect to the office are ☏ +994 50 420 09 05 or ☏ +99 455 266 5354. October 2023: +994 55 999 91 24.

A man named Ismahel can buy tickets for you for a fee of 30 manat. He can also help with visas. His number is ☏ +994 55 286 12 00.

The port

Alat Port is in the middle of nowhere, but more facilities are being built as Azerbaijan turns this port into their de-facto marine transport hub. There is an ATM offering Manat and USD, hot showers (bring your own towel and soap), a small cafe, and 24-hour shop with basic staples. A climate-controlled waiting room has been constructed with ample seating, power outlets, running water, toilets, and a few lounge beds where you can sleep for free if needed. Security comes in periodically to check in and will confiscate alcohol if found. To get to Alat, a taxi from Baku should run around $40. There is also a bus; from Baku, take a bus towards the Bibi-Heybat Mosque and change buses at a long roundabout with buses parked on the other side of the road. Bus 195 will take you to Alat. In Alat there should be other buses going to the port, or take a taxi, as it is not far.

Kazakhstan – Aktau and Kuryk

Travelling to or from Kazakhstan is relatively easier than Turkmenistan, but that doesn't mean your journey will be smooth-sailing - delays are common. Similar to Azerbaijan, the nearest city of Aktau is some 90 km (roughly 1 hour 30 mins) away from Kuryk Port.

Buying tickets

A ticket office is in downtown Aktau, 8 km from the port, at 5-29-1 (microrayon 5, building 29, apartment 1 on the ground floor). To buy a ticket in Aktau, you need to put your name on the passenger waiting list. An English-speaking lady named Katia works at the office, and can call you when the boat is coming.

However, tickets can also be bought directly at the port. The office is located next to customs in the same building, it cannot be missed. In June 2017, on the day of departure, it was still possible to get a ticket at the port office, while the lady at the downtown ticket office gave incorrect information and said one had to wait for the next ferry - probably because they could not sell a ticket there anymore and get a commission. Hence going to the port might be worth the trip (or call: 445018).

There is another ticket office at 7-21-1 (microrayon 7, building 21, apartment 1 on the ground floor), close to the World War II memorial with the eternal flame. This office can be reached on +7 872 92 51 77 59, and ask for Aika, who understands some English, however you may need a local's help to communicate. You leave your phone number and they will call when a boat is ready, which may be up to a day before the boat will actually depart. This office takes a US$25 commission.

Turkmenistan – Turkmenbashi

Ensure that your Turkmen tourist/transit visa is valid before attempting to use this crossing. Be warned that the Turkmen transit visa is very short, and if you arrive in Turkmenistan without a valid visa, you will be deported back to the country of origin, likely Azerbaijan, and they may not let you in either.

Buying tickets

There is no online website to buy tickets on the Turkmen side - you need to buy them in person at the Turkmenbashi Port. There are no signs to mark the port, or the area of the port you need to go to. However, if you find a sign denoting the Sea Port you have gone too far.

Getting to the port can be confusing and difficult. As you arrive off the desert road into the town, you drive down a hill past a petrol station (on the left). Follow this road down before it sweeps up a hill. There is an unmarked, potholed road before the police check point, which is the entrance to the port. There will be a checkpoint where the vehicle will be checked. After it is checked, it will cost 10 manat if you want to drive out and return. After a blue and white neon sign saying 'parom meneli', park in front of the office.

Put your name on the ticket list as soon as you arrive, so you can buy your ticket once the ferry arrives. A little notebook sits on the counter, this is the list. Once the ferry is docked, you will get a coupon, go through customs and pay on the boat. People have reported getting their ticket at the office for a little extra.

Leaving Turkmenbashi, you may be able to get yourself stamped out of the country before the boat arrives if your visa is running out. You will have to wait outside the border, so ensure you have enough food and supplies for however long you expect to be stuck there.

The crossing

Boarding

Azeri customs do not allow passengers on the ferry without having the visa of their destination in their passport, whether that be a tourist or transit visa.

The ferry's cargo is loaded before the passengers, so you will have to wait. Customs officers will ask to see proof that you will not be turned back once you arrive, like a visa or an invitation letter. On board, someone will want to see your passport and, in Turkmenbashi, they will collect the ticket price. It is safe to give them your passport as they need to log the details of passengers. When the ferry docks at the destination, go to the captain’s cabin to get your passport.

Sailing

The views of the Turkmen and Azeri coasts are beautiful. You might be able to spot Neft Daşları, an oil city of 2000 people built upon the foundations of oil platforms 55 km away from the shore. The sunsets of the Caspian are stunning.

You are probably free to wander around the boat during your trip, into the hull, the machine room or the bridge.

The cabins are nothing special, although some boats, like the Qara Qarayev or Barda, are better than others. Hygiene standards are mostly low, for example shower and toilet facilities are in the same place, and are usually not too clean. There are public toilets elsewhere. Bring a sleeping bag, as your supplied mattress and pillow are not guaranteed to be clean.

You may not need it, but bring some food to be safe. The boat's chef might fry you up some chicken for a few manat or dollars, or sell you some beers, vodka and cigarettes, but once the food runs out (if they sell you any at all), you’re on your own. It would be wise to pack plenty of food, given the risk of being stuck in harbour for days. Don’t forget water.

Customs

Customs and border formalities can take a substantial chunk of time after leaving the boat, especially if you have a car. You can get stuck for hours in customs. Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan can take from 1 to even 7 hours, but Aktau is the worst, with people reporting they were stuck there for a whole day with their vehicle. Also, customs only appears to operate from 09:00-17:00 in Aktau, so although foot passengers can get off the ferry in the middle of the night, drivers can’t.

Vehicles on the ferries

Each boat charges its own tariffs for vehicles.

Since 2014, you will be charged between US$50-70 per metre of the vehicle going to Turkmenistan, and US$100 per metre for a vehicle to Kazakhstan. Half a metre can go either way, so measure well!. A motorbike will cost $110 (Turkmenistan) and $115 (Kazakhstan), a bicycle will cost $10 to both. Another charge is for using the bridge to board the ferry; a car is $25, motorbike and a bicycle is $20. It may seem steep, but some boat captains have no qualms about charging $20 to get off the boat, so count your blessings.

Mongol Rally

The Baku ticket office discovered the Mongol Rally and now increase prices accordingly; because places are limited, prices can increase dramatically.