井

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See also: 丼, 并, 开, 幷, and Appendix:Variations of the number sign
井 U+4E95, 井
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E95
← 五
[U+4E94] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亖 →
[U+4E96]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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井 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿 (TT), four-corner 55000, composition ⿻一廾)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 258
  • Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 10, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E95

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 井
alternative forms 丼

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 井
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j12550
j12551
j12552
j12553
j12554
j12555
j12556
j12557
j12558
j12559
j12560
j12561
j12562
j12563
j12564
j12565
j12566
j12567
j12568
j12569
j12570
j12571
j12572
j12573
j12574
j12575
b07748
b07749
b07750
b07751
b07752
b07753
b07754
b07755
b07757
b07758
b07759
b07760
b07761
b07762
b07763
b07764
b07765
b07766
b07767
b07768
b07769
b07770
b07771
b07772
b07773
b07774
b07775
b07776
b07777
b07778
b07779
b07780
s03663
Transcribed ancient scripts
L17889
L17890
L17891
L17892
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (井) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
硎 *kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ
耕 *kreːŋ
荊 *keŋ
井 *skeŋʔ
丼 *kl'oːmʔ, *skeŋʔ
妌 *sɡeŋʔ
穽 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
阱 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
汫 *sɡeːŋʔ
刑 *ɡeːŋ
形 *ɡeːŋ
邢 *ɡeːŋ
鉶 *ɡeːŋ
型 *ɡeːŋ
侀 *ɡeːŋ
井 – an old well in a historic area in Shenzhen. Notice the square shape.

Pictogram (象形) – a square well, with supports on four sides.

Some forms have a stone inside the well, as in 丼.

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • zeng2 - vernacular;
  • zing2 - literary.
Note:
  • diang2 - vernacular;
  • den2 - literary.
Note:
  • za3/zaⁿ3 - vernacular;
  • zing3 - literary.
Note:
  • chíⁿ/chéⁿ - vernacular;
  • chéng - literary.
Rime
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子郢切
Baxter tsjengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siæŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛŋX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.tseŋʔ/
English well (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
No. 6852
Phonetic
component 		井
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		井
Old
Chinese 		/*skeŋʔ/
Notes 丼注今體甲金文爲型初文

Definitions

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井

  1. well (a hole sunk into the ground) (Classifier: 口; 眼)
  2. well-shaped object; mineshaft, pit
  3. hometown
  4. neat; tidy
    井井有條／井井有条  ―  jǐngjǐngyǒutiáo  ―  neat and tidy
  5. 48th hexagram of the I Ching
  6. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 水井 (“well (for collecting water)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 井
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 水井, 井
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 水井, 井
Chengde 井
Chifeng 井
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 井
Heihe 井
Qiqihar 井
Harbin 水井, 井
Jiamusi 井
Baicheng 井
Changchun 井
Tonghua 井
Shenyang 井
Jinzhou 井
Singapore 水井, 井
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 井
Tangshan 井
Cangzhou 井
Baoding 井
Shijiazhuang 井
Lijin 井
Jinan 水井, 井
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 井
Dandong 井
Yantai 井
Yantai (Muping) 水井, 井
Qingdao 井
Zhucheng 井
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 井
Lingbao 井
Jining 井
Wanrong 井
Linfen 井
Shangqiu 井
Yuanyang 井
Zhengzhou 井
Xinyang 井
Baihe 井
Xi'an 井
Baoji 井
Tianshui 井
Xining 水井, 井
Xuzhou 水井, 井
Fuyang 井
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 井
Lanzhou 井
Dunhuang 井
Hami 井
Ürümqi 井
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 井
Nanchong 水井, 井
Dazhou 井
Hanyuan 井
Xichang 井
Zigong 井
Chongqing 水井, 井
Wuhan 井
Yichang 井
Xiangyang 井
Tianmen 井
Guiyang 水井, 井
Zunyi 水井, 井
Bijie 水井, 井
Liping 井, 吊井
Zhaotong 井
Dali 井
Kunming 水井, 井
Mengzi 井
Guilin 井
Liuzhou 水井, 井
Jishou 井, 吊井
Changde 井
Hanzhong 井
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 井
Yangzhou 井
Lianyungang 井
Lianshui 井
Nantong 井
Anqing 井
Wuhu 井
Hefei 井
Hong'an 井, 涼水井
Cantonese Guangzhou 井
Hong Kong 井
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 井
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 井
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 井
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 水井
Macau 井
Guangzhou (Panyu) 井
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 井
Guangzhou (Conghua) 井
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 井
Foshan 井
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 井
Foshan (Shunde) 井
Foshan (Sanshui) 井
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 水井
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 井
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 井
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 井
Zhuhai (Doumen) 井
Jiangmen (Baisha) 井
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 井
Taishan 水井, 井
Kaiping (Chikan) 井
Enping (Niujiang) 井
Heshan (Yayao) 水井
Dongguan 井
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 井
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 水井, 井
Gan Nanchang 井
Lichuan 井
Hakka Meixian 井
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 井
Dongguan (Qingxi) 井
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 井
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 井
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 井
Yudu 井
Hong Kong 井
Senai (Huiyang) 井
Huizhou Jixi 井
Shexian 井
Jin Taiyuan 井, 井兒
Yangyuan 井
Datong 井
Xinzhou 水井, 井
Lüliang (Lishi) 井兒
Changzhi 井
Linhe 井
Jining 井
Hohhot 井
Erenhot 井
Pingshan 井
Zhangjiakou 井, 土井
Handan 井
Linzhou 井
Suide 井, 井子
Northern Min Jian'ou 水井
Eastern Min Fuzhou 水井, 井
Southern Min Xiamen 鼓井, 井, 水井
Quanzhou 鼓井, 水井
Jinjiang 鼓井
Zhangzhou 鼓井, 水井
Taipei 井
New Taipei (Tamsui) 井, 鼓井
New Taipei (Sanxia) 井
New Taipei (Pingxi) 井
Kaohsiung 井
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 井
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 井
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 井
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 井
Tainan (Anping) 井
Kinmen 井
Penghu (Magong) 井
Penghu (Xiyu) 井
Penang (Hokkien) 井
Singapore (Hokkien) 井
Zhangping (Yongfu) 鼓井
Chaozhou 井
Bangkok (Teochew) 水井
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 水井
Leizhou 井
Haikou 水井
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 井
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 井, 打井
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 井
Suzhou 井
Danyang 井
Hangzhou 水井
Ningbo 水井, 井
Wenzhou 水井, 井
Jinhua 井
Xiang Changsha 水井, 吊井
Shuangfeng 井

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 井 – see 阱 (“pitfall, trap”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 阱).
Notes:

Japanese

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A well (井, 丼)

Kanji

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井

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. well

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
井
い
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

wi > i.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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井(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. well (water source)
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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井(い) • (I) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
井
せい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 井 (tsjengX).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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井(せい) • (sei) 

  1. well, well curb

Proper noun

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井(せい) • (Sei) 

  1. Well (Chinese constellation)
    Hypernyms: 二十八宿, 朱雀

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 井 (MC tsjengX). Recorded as Middle Korean 져ᇰ〯 (cyěng) (Yale: cyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

井 (eumhun 우물 정 (umul jeong))

  1. hanja form? of 정 (“well (a hole sunk into the ground)”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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井: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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