俺
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]俺 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人大中山 (OKLU), four-corner 24216, composition ⿰亻奄)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 106, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 736
- Dae Jaweon: page 227, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 173, character 2
- Unihan data for U+4FFA
Chinese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| trad. | 俺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 俺 | |
Fusion of 我們／我们 (wǒmen) (Lü, 1984; Norman, 1988).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): ngè / ngǎi
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jim3 / aan2
- Jin (Wiktionary): ghan2 / gha2
- Northern Min (KCR): áng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iàm / àm
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5oe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ǎn
- Wade–Giles: an3
- Yale: ǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aan
- Palladius: ань (anʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀän²¹⁴/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: ngè / ngǎi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɤ⁵³/, /ŋæ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim3 / aan2
- Yale: yim / áan
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim3 / aan2
- Guangdong Romanization: yim3 / an2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm³³/, /aːn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ghan2 / gha2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɣæ̃⁵³/, /ɣa⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
Note: gha2 - in certain words.
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: áng
- Sinological IPA (key): /aŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iàm
- Tâi-lô: iàm
- Phofsit Daibuun: iaxm
- IPA (Xiamen): /iam²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: àm
- Tâi-lô: àm
- Phofsit Daibuun: axm
- IPA (Xiamen): /am²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: 'jemH
Definitions
[edit]俺
- (dialectal Mandarin, Northern Min) I; me; my
- 俺老身一口兒路傍賣些甛瓜資生。你們高麗人三五十俄刻過去時，暫停此中，初則出價賣喫，臨起一個個各手執蓏，鬨堂都走了。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1780, 朴趾源 (Pak Jiwon), 《熱河日記》
- Ǎn lǎoshēn yī kǒur lù páng mài xiē tiánguā zīshēng. Nǐmen Gāolì rén sān wǔ shí ékè guòqù shí, zàn tíng cǐzhōng, chū zé chū jià mài chī, lín qǐ yī gègè gè shǒu zhí luǒ, hǒngtáng dōu zǒu le. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
俺老身一口儿路傍卖些甛瓜资生。你们高丽人三五十俄刻过去时，暂停此中，初则出价卖吃，临起一个个各手执蓏，哄堂都走了。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]- 俺是耕田的。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
- From: 2004, Stephen Chow, Kung Fu Hustle
- Ǎn shì gēngtián de. [Pinyin]
- I am a farmer.
- (dialectal Mandarin, exclusive) we; us; our
- (Northern Min, inclusive) we; us; our
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| trad. | 俺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 俺 | |
| alternative forms | 安 阿 | |
Possibly from weakening of 阮 (goán) (Tan and Wu, 2011).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): án / an
Definitions
[edit]俺
- (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix for kinship terms.
- 俺公 [Hokkien] ― án-kong [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― grandpa
- (Taiwanese Hokkien, inclusive) Synonym of 咱 (lán, “we; us”)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| trad. | 俺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 俺 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]俺
Etymology 4
[edit]| trad. | 俺 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 俺 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim3
- Yale: yim
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim3
- Guangdong Romanization: yim3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: 'jaemH
Definitions
[edit]俺
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]俺
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: えん (en)←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)
- Kan-on: えん (en)←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)
- Kun: おれ (ore, 俺, Jōyō)、われ (ware, 俺)
Etymology
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 俺 |
| おれ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 己 爾 儞 |
From Old Japanese. Originally a second person pronoun, as used in the Kojiki of 712 CE. Thought to have gradually changed into a first person pronoun from roughly the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.[1][2] Some scholars, however, point out the lack of precedent of a second-person pronoun shifting to a first-person pronoun as an etymological discontinuity; they instead explain the first-person usage as an early corruption of 己 (onore, “I, me”), with the ancient second-person usage perhaps deriving of a different root.[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- (informal, men's speech) I, me
- 1905, Natsume Sōseki, 吾輩は猫である:
- 最前から黙っていた主人はこの時急に写真が見たくなったものと見えて「おい俺にもちょっと覧せろ」と云う
- saizen kara damatte ita shujin wa kono toki kyū ni shashin ga mitaku natta mono to miete “oi ore ni mo chotto misero” to iu
- My owner, who had until then been silent, suddenly seemed to take interest in the photo and asked "Hey, let me see it too."
- 最前から黙っていた主人はこの時急に写真が見たくなったものと見えて「おい俺にもちょっと覧せろ」と云う
- (obsolete, familiar or derogatory) you
Usage notes
[edit]- This term is the most casual form of self-address used by men, and is suitable for conversations among close friends or relatives. Conversely, in polite conversation or where polite forms are expected, its usage may be interpreted as disrespectful. For such occasions, 私 (watashi) or 僕 (boku) are preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]- おれら (orera, explicitly plural first- or second-person pronoun)
See also
[edit]Japanese first-person pronouns
Japanese first-person pronouns by speakers and situations according to Yuko Saegusa, Concerning the First Personal Pronoun of Native Japanese Speakers (2009)
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | To friends | うち (uchi) 49% | First name 26% | あたし (atashi) 15% |
| In the family | First name 33% | あたし (atashi) 29% | うち (uchi) 23% | |
| In a class | わたし (watashi) 86% | あたし (atashi) 7% | うち (uchi) 6% | |
| To an unknown visitor | わたし (watashi) 75% | あたし (atashi), first name, うち (uchi) 8% each | ||
| To the class teacher | わたし (watashi) 66% | First name 13% | あたし (atashi) 9% | |
| Male | To friends | おれ (ore) 72% | ぼく (boku) 19% | First name 4% |
| In the family | おれ (ore) 62% | ぼく (boku) 23% | うち (uchi) 6% | |
| In a class | ぼく (boku) 85% | おれ (ore) 13% | First name, nickname 1% each | |
| To an unknown visitor | ぼく (boku) 64% | おれ (ore) 26% | First name 4% | |
| To the class teacher | ぼく (boku) 67% | おれ (ore) 27% | First name 3% | |
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | To friends | うち (uchi) 39% | あたし (atashi) 30% | わたし (watashi) 22% |
| In the family | あたし (atashi) 28% | First name 27% | うち (uchi) 18% | |
| In a class | わたし (watashi) 89% | あたし (atashi) 7% | 自分 (jibun) 3% | |
| To an unknown visitor | わたし (watashi) 81% | あたし (atashi) 10% | 自分 (jibun) 6% | |
| To the class teacher | わたし (watashi) 77% | あたし (atashi) 17% | 自分 (jibun) 7% | |
| Male | To friends | おれ (ore) 87% | うち (uchi) 4% | わたし (watashi), 自分 (jibun) 2% each |
| In the family | おれ (ore) 88% | ぼく (boku), 自分 (jibun) 5% each | ||
| In a class | わたし (watashi) 48% | 自分 (jibun) 28% | ぼく (boku) 22% | |
| To an unknown visitor | ぼく (boku) 36% | 自分 (jibun) 29% | わたし (watashi) 22% | |
| To the class teacher | 自分 (jibun) 38% | ぼく (boku) 29% | わたし (watashi) 22% | |
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 米田 達郎 (2016) 人称詞オレの歴史的変化[1], archived from the original on 1 December 2021 (in Japanese)
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]俺: Hán Nôm readings: em, yêm, êm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading えん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading えむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おれ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading われ
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