寅

寅 U+5BC5, 寅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BC5 ← 寄 [U+5BC4] CJK Unified Ideographs 密 → [U+5BC6]

See also: 画, 宙, and 黄

Translingual

Han character

寅 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十一中金 (JMLC), four-corner 3080₆, composition ⿱宀⿳一由八)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7204
• Dae Jaweon: page 570, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 936, character 16
• Unihan data for U+5BC5

Chinese

simp. and trad.		寅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寅
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (寅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
寅	*lil, *lin
蔩	*lil, *lenʔ, *lin
鏔	*lil, *li
演	*lenʔ
縯	*lenʔ, *linʔ
戭	*lenʔ, *linʔ
夤	*lin
螾	*lin, *linʔ
濥	*linʔ, *lins
瞚	*hljuns

Originally an ideogram (指事) : an arrow 矢 wih a distinguishing mark (now 日).

In the modern form the arrowhead has corrupted into 宀.

Etymology

3rd earthly branch

Smith (2011) suggests that this branch denoted the "bending, stretching, drawn out" moon phase, i.e. the waning half-moon with a concave flat edge. Smith points to

• the possible relation between 寅 (OC *lin) and 引 (OC *linʔ, “to stretch, to draw (a bow)”) (noted earlier by James Mellon Menzies); and
• that both graphs 寅 and 引 were used interchangeably as phonophorics for 螾 (OC *lin, *linʔ) and 蚓 (OC *linʔ), meaning "worm".

Association with the tiger was possibly arbitrary, just like 辰 (chén) with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yín (yin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yin³

• Gan (Wiktionary): in⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yi²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ing¹
• Northern Min (KCR): ěng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ìng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): în

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ing⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yín
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yín
    • Wade–Giles: yin²
    • Yale: yín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yin²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jan⁴
    • Yale: yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jin²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: in⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: i^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ing¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /iŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ěng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ing²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: în
    • Tâi-lô: în
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iin
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /in¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /in²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /in²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ing⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yin
    • MiniDict: yin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦin²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: in²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yij, yin

Rime
Character	寅	寅
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	以脂切	翼眞切
Baxter	yij	yin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiɪ/	/jiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ji/	/jin/
Shao Rongfen	/jɪ/	/jen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ji/	/jin/
Li Rong	/i/	/iĕn/
Wang Li	/ji/	/jĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i/	/i̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí	yín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji4	jan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lil/, /*lin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寅	寅
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yín	yín
Middle Chinese	‹ yij ›	‹ yin ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)ər/	/*[ɢ](r)ər/
English	3rd earthly branch	3rd earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寅	寅
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15273	15281
Phonetic component	寅	寅
Rime group	脂	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	姨	寅
Old Chinese	/*lil/	/*lin/

Definitions

寅

1. (Classical) to revere, respect

   • 同寅協恭和衷哉！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     同寅协恭和衷哉！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Tóng yín xié gōng hé zhōng zāi! [Pinyin]

     When (sovereign and ministers show) a common reverence and united respect for these, lo! the moral nature (of the people) is made harmonious.

2. third of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
3. tiger (虎) of Chinese zodiac

Coordinate terms

• (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)}

Compounds

• 同寅 (tóngyín)
• 唐寅
• 寅吃卯糧／寅吃卯粮 (yínchīmǎoliáng)
• 寅憂夕惕／寅忧夕惕
• 寅支卯糧／寅支卯粮
• 寅時／寅时 (yínshí)
• 寅月 (Yínyuè)
• 寅清
• 寅畏 (yínwèi)
• 寅臺／寅台
• 寅誼／寅谊
• 寅賓／寅宾
• 建寅
• 陳寅恪／陈寅恪

 

References

• “寅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #7161”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

寅

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: いん (in)
• Kan-on: いん (in)
• Kun: とら (tora, 寅)
• Nanori: とも (tomo)、のぶ (nobu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
寅
とら Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From 虎 (tora, “tiger”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とら [tòrá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ɾa̠]

• Homophone: 虎

Proper noun

寅(とら) • (Tora) 

1. the Tiger, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches

   Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支

   Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
寅
いん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 寅 (yin).

Proper noun

寅(いん) • (In) 

1. the Tiger, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches

   Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支

   Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Korean

Hanja

寅 • (in, i) (hangeul 인, 이, revised in, i, McCune–Reischauer in, i)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

寅: Hán Nôm readings: dần

1. chữ Hán form of Dần (“third of the twelve earthly branches”).

   Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支

   Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Compounds

• 丙寅 (Bính Dần)
• 壬寅 (Nhâm Dần)
• 庚寅 (Canh Dần)
• 戊寅 (Mậu Dần)
• 甲寅 (Giáp Dần)