寬

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See also: 宽, and 寛
寬 U+5BEC, 寬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BEC
← 寫
[U+5BEB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 寭 →
[U+5BED]

Translingual

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Traditional 寬
Shinjitai 寛
Simplified 宽

Alternative forms

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  • In Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the component above 萈 is written with ⻀ (ram's horn component), which is the orthodox form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing, 新字形), the component above 萈 is written with 艹 (grass radical).

Han character

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寬 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+12 in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 宀+11 in mainland China, 15 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 14 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 十廿月戈 (JTBI), four-corner 30216, composition ⿱宀萈 or ⿳宀艹⿷見丶(G) or ⿳宀⻀⿷見丶(HTJKV))

Usage notes

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This character is not to be confused with 寛 (U+5BDB), a Japanese shinjitai character, which has one dot missing and is encoded as a separate character.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 292, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7322
  • Dae Jaweon: page 578, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 947, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5BEC

Chinese

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trad. 寬
simp. 宽
alternative forms 寛

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (萈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
寬 *kʰoːn
髖 *kʰoːn, *kʰuːn
萈 *ɡoːn
臗 *kʰuːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːn) : semantic 宀 (“house”) + phonetic 萈 (OC *ɡoːn, “goat”)—a spacious house.

See also 家.

Etymology

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Note similarities to Burmese ခွင့် (hkwang., “permission, rights”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • khoan - literary;
  • khoaⁿ - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: kuang1 / kuêng1 / kuan1 / kuan3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuang / khueng / khuaⁿ / khuàⁿ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuaŋ³³/, /kʰueŋ³³/, /kʰũã³³/, /kʰũã²¹³/
Note:
  • kuang1/kuêng1 - literary (kuêng1 - Chaozhou);
  • kuan1 - vernacular ("slow", also written as 款);
  • kuan3 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 寬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦官切
Baxter khwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰwan/
Li
Rong 		/kʰuɑn/
Wang
Li 		/kʰuɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kuān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fun1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 寬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kuān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khwan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷʰˁa[n]/
English vast, wide

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 寬
Reading # 1/1
No. 5346
Phonetic
component 		萈
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		寬
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰoːn/

Definitions

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寬

  1. wide; broad
    這條新修的馬路很寬。 [MSC, trad.]
    这条新修的马路很宽。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè tiáo xīn xiū de mǎlù hěn kuān. [Pinyin]
    This newly constructed road is wide.
    Antonym: 窄
  2. width
    中國國旗的寬是長的三分之二。 [MSC, trad.]
    中国国旗的宽是长的三分之二。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhōngguó guóqí de kuān shì cháng de sān fēn zhī èr. [Pinyin]
    The width of a Chinese flag is two-thirds its length.
    河面有二十米寬。 [MSC, trad.]
    河面有二十米宽。 [MSC, simp.]
    Hémiàn yǒu èrshí mǐ kuān. [Pinyin]
    The river surface is 20 metres wide.
  3. generous; magnanimous; lenient
  4. to relax; to relieve
  5. comfortably off; well-off
  6. to take off
    寬衣／宽衣  ―  kuānyī  ―  to take off one's clothes
  7. (Southern Min) slow
    寬寬仔／宽宽仔 [Hokkien]  ―  khoan-khoan-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  slowly
    寬寬行／宽宽行 [Teochew]  ―  kuan1 kuan1 gian5 [Peng'im]  ―  walk slowly

Synonyms

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  • (wide):
Dialectal synonyms of 寬 (“wide; broad”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 寬
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 寬
Taiwan 寬
Harbin 寬
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 寬
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 寬
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 寬
Wanrong 寬
Xi'an 寬
Xining 寬
Xuzhou 寬
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 寬
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 寬
Wuhan 寬
Guiyang 寬
Liuzhou 寬
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 寬
Yangzhou 寬, 闊
Hefei 闊
Cantonese Guangzhou 闊
Hong Kong 闊
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 闊
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 闊
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 闊
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 闊
Macau 闊
Guangzhou (Panyu) 闊
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 闊
Guangzhou (Conghua) 闊
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 闊
Foshan 闊
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 闊
Foshan (Shunde) 闊
Foshan (Sanshui) 闊
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 闊
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 闊
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 闊
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 闊
Zhuhai (Doumen) 闊
Jiangmen (Baisha) 闊
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 闊
Taishan 闊
Kaiping (Chikan) 闊
Enping (Niujiang) 闊
Heshan (Yayao) 闊
Dongguan 闊
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 闊
Qingyuan 闊
Fogang 闊
Yingde (Hanguang) 闊
Yangshan 闊
Lianshan (Butian) 闊
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 闊
Shaoguan 闊
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 闊
Renhua 闊
Lechang 闊
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 闊
Sihui 闊
Guangning 寬
Deqing 闊
Huaiji 闊
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 闊
Yunfu 闊
Xinxing 闊
Luoding 闊
Yunan (Pingtai) 闊
Yangjiang 闊
Xinyi 闊
Lianjiang 闊
Nanning 闊
Wuzhou 闊
Yulin 闊
Hepu (Lianzhou) 闊
Guiping 闊
Mengshan (Xihe) 闊
Guigang (Nanjiang) 闊
Beiliu (Tangliao) 闊
Baise 闊
Bobai 闊
Lingshan 闊
Pubei 闊
Qinzhou 闊
Beihai 闊
Ningming 闊
Hengzhou 闊
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 闊
Danzhou 闊
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 闊
Gan Nanchang 寬, 闊
Lichuan 寬, 闊
Pingxiang 闊
Hakka Meixian 闊
Xingning 闊
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 闊
Huidong (Daling) 闊
Dongguan (Qingxi) 闊
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 闊
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 闊
Wuhua (Huacheng) 闊
Heyuan (Bendihua) 闊
Wengyuan 闊
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 闊
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 闊
Liannan 闊
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 闊
Jiexi 闊
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 闊
Changting 闊
Wuping 闊
Wuping (Yanqian) 闊
Wuping (Pingyu) 闊
Liancheng 闊
Ninghua 闊, 寬
Yudu 寬, 闊
Ningdu 闊
Ruijin 闊
Shicheng 闊
Shangyou (Shexi) 闊
Tonggu (Sandu) 闊
Ganzhou (Panlong) 寬
Dayu 闊
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 闊
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 闊
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 闊
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 闊
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 闊
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 闊
Hong Kong 闊
Mengshan (Xihe) 闊
Luchuan 闊
Senai (Huiyang) 闊
Huizhou Jixi 闊
Jin Taiyuan 寬
Xinzhou 寬
Northern Min Jian'ou 闊
Eastern Min Fuzhou 闊, 寬
Fuzhou (Changle) 闊
Fuqing 闊
Yongtai 闊
Gutian 闊
Fu'an 闊
Ningde 闊
Shouning 闊
Zhouning 闊
Fuding 闊
Southern Min Xiamen 闊
Quanzhou 闊
Zhangzhou 闊
Taipei 闊
Kaohsiung 闊
Yilan 闊
Changhua (Lukang) 闊
Taichung 闊
Taichung (Wuqi) 闊
Tainan 闊
Taitung 闊
Hsinchu 闊
Penghu (Magong) 闊
Manila (Hokkien) 闊
Chaozhou 寬
Shantou 闊, 寬
Shantou (Chenghai) 闊
Jieyang 闊, 寬
Haifeng 闊
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 闊
Haikou 闊
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 闊
Wu Shanghai 闊
Suzhou 闊
Danyang 寬, 闊
Hangzhou 闊
Ningbo 闊
Wenzhou 闊
Jinhua 闊
Xiang Changsha 寬, 闊
Shuangfeng 寬, 闊
  • (slow):
Dialectal synonyms of 慢 (“slow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 慢, 緩慢
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 慢
Taiwan 慢
Malaysia 慢
Singapore 慢
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 慢
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 慢
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 慢
Wuhan 慢
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 慢
Hefei 慢
Cantonese Guangzhou 慢, 嚤
Hong Kong 慢, 嚤
Yangjiang 慢
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 慢
Singapore (Guangfu) 慢
Gan Nanchang 慢
Hakka Meixian 慢
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 慢
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 慢
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 慢
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 慢
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 慢
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 慢
Kuching (Hepo) 慢
Jin Taiyuan 慢
Northern Min Jian'ou 慢
Eastern Min Fuzhou 慢
Southern Min Xiamen 慢
Quanzhou 慢
Zhangzhou 慢
Taipei 慢, 惡
New Taipei (Sanxia) 慢, 惡
Kaohsiung 慢, 惡
Yilan 慢, 惡
Changhua (Lukang) 慢, 惡
Taichung 慢, 惡
Tainan 慢, 惡
Hsinchu 慢, 惡
Kinmen 慢, 惡
Penghu (Magong) 慢, 惡
Penang (Hokkien) 慢, 惡
Singapore (Hokkien) 慢
Manila (Hokkien) 慢
Chaozhou 慢
Shantou 慢
Singapore (Teochew) 慢
Wenchang 慢
Singapore (Hainanese) 慢
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 慢
Wu Shanghai 慢
Suzhou 慢
Ningbo 慢, 緩
Wenzhou 慢
Xiang Changsha 慢
Shuangfeng 慢

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “wide”): 窄 (zhǎi)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

寛

Kyūjitai

寬

Kanji

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寬

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 寛)

  1. tolerant; lenient; generous

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): かん (kan)
  • Kun: ひろい (hiroi, 寬い)、ゆるやか (yuruyaka, 寬やか)、くつろぐ (kutsurogu, 寬ぐ)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

寬 (eumhun 너그러울 관 (neogeureoul gwan))

  1. hanja form? of 관 (“broad, wide, spacious”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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寬: Hán Nôm readings: khoan, khoăn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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