拱

拱 U+62F1, 拱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F1 ← 拰 [U+62F0] CJK Unified Ideographs 拲 → [U+62F2]

Translingual

Han character

拱 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手廿金 (QTC), four-corner 5408₁, composition ⿰扌共)

Derived characters

• 𫪵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11994
• Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1867, character 2
• Unihan data for U+62F1

Chinese

simp. and trad.		拱
alternative forms		共 廾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 拱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
港	*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘	*qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	*kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	*kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共	*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	*kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloŋʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǒng (gong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung²
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kióng / kéng
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵kon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
    • Wade–Giles: kung³
    • Yale: gǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gung²
    • Yale: gúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kióng
    • Tâi-lô: kióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiorng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
    • Tâi-lô: kíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keang
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• kióng - literary;
• kéng - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵kon
    • MiniDict: kon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjowngX

Rime
Character	拱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居悚切
Baxter	kjowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋX/
Li Rong	/kioŋX/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)oŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	拱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowngX ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)oŋʔ/
English	join the hands
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拱
Reading #	1/1
No.	4172
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拱
Old Chinese	/*kloŋʔ/

Definitions

拱

1. to fold the hands in front of the breast
2. to bow; to salute
3. to surround; to encircle

   眾星拱月／众星拱月  ―  zhòngxīnggǒngyuè  ―  to crowd around

4. (archaic) area enclosed by the arms
5. to push upwards or outwards
6. to sprout
7. to arch
8. arched

Synonyms

• (to surround):

edit

• 包 (literary, or in compounds)
• 周旋 (zhōuxuán)
• 圍／围 (wéi)
• 圍繞／围绕
• 環抱／环抱 (huánbào)
• 環繞／环绕
• 盤旋／盘旋 (pánxuán)
• 迴旋／回旋 (huíxuán)

 

Compounds

• 垂拱
• 垂拱而治
• 垂頭拱手／垂头拱手
• 墓木已拱 (mùmùyǐgǒng)
• 拱伏
• 拱候
• 拱券
• 拱動／拱动
• 拱北 (Gǒngběi)
• 拱嘴
• 括囊拱手
• 拱廊 (gǒngláng)
• 拱手 (gǒngshǒu)
• 拱手作揖
• 拱手垂裳
• 拱手投降
• 拱手而別／拱手而别
• 拱手而降
• 拱手聽命／拱手听命
• 拱手讓人／拱手让人 (gǒngshǒuràngrén)
• 拱把
• 拱抱
• 拱揖
• 拱服
• 拱木
• 拱極星／拱极星
• 拱橋／拱桥 (gǒngqiáo)
• 拱璧
• 拱立
• 拱肩縮背／拱肩缩背
• 拱花
• 拱衛／拱卫 (gǒngwèi)
• 拱辰
• 拱進／拱进
• 拱門／拱门 (gǒngmén)
• 拱閣／拱阁
• 拱頂／拱顶 (gǒngdǐng)
• 拱默
• 斗拱
• 木拱
• 枓拱
• 洗耳拱聽／洗耳拱听
• 深拱
• 珍同拱璧
• 眾星拱北／众星拱北
• 眾星拱月／众星拱月 (zhòngxīnggǒngyuè)
• 眾星拱辰／众星拱辰
• 端拱
• 舯拱
• 葉拱／叶拱
• 蔫拱
• 連拱壩／连拱坝
• 高拱
• 鳴琴垂拱／鸣琴垂拱

 

References

• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “拱”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 231.

Japanese

Kanji

拱

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. arch
2. fold arms

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kun: こまぬく (komanuku, 拱く)、こまねく (komaneku, 拱く)

Korean

Hanja

拱 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)

1. fold hands on breast
2. bow, salute

Vietnamese

Han character

拱: Hán Nôm readings: cõng

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