duodenum

See also: Duodenum and duodénum

English

WOTD – 29 May 2017

Etymology

A schematic of the gastrointestinal tract, with the duodenum shown in orange-pink

From Medieval Latin duodēnum digitōrum (“space of twelve digits”) in reference to its length, from duodēnī (“twelve each”) + digitōrum, genitive plural of digitus (“finger; toe; digit”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌdjuːə(ʊ)ˈdiːnəm/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌduəˈdinəm/, /ˌduˈɑdənəm/

• Audio (General American):

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• Audio (Northern California):

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• Hyphenation: du‧o‧de‧num

Noun

duodenum (plural duodena or duodenums)

1. (anatomy) The first part of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum.
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Dißimilar Parts”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 4, page 17:

     From the Stomacke to the very Fundament, are produced the Guts or Inteſtina, which ſerue a little to alter and diſtribute the Chilus, and convey away the excrements. They are divided into ſmall and great, by reason of their ſite and ſubſtance, ſlender or thicker. The ſlender is Duodenum or whole gut, which is next to the ſtomacke, ſome twelue inches long (ſaith Fuſchius.)

   • 1682, A[llan] M[ullen], An Anatomical Account of the Elephant Accidentally Burnt in Dublin, on Fryday, June 17. in the Year 1681. Sent in a Letter to Sir Will[iam] Petty, Fellow of the Royal Society. Together with a Relation of New Anatomical Observations in the Eyes of Animals: Communicated in another Letter to the Honourable R[obert] Boyle, Esq.; Fellow of the Same Society, London: Printed for Sam[uel] Smith, bookseller, at the Prince's Arms in St. Paul's Church-Yard, →OCLC, page 19:

     The Inteſtina tenuia were burnt in many places, but not quite through any where, excepting two or three. […] The length of that which is commonly call'd the Duodenum, was about 4½ Foot.

   • 1840, Daniel Oliver, “Nutritive Functions”, in First Lines of Physiology; Designed for the Use of Students of Medicine, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by Herman Hooker, Corner of Fifth and Chestnut Streets, →OCLC, page 251:

     The duodenum receives the chyme from the stomach, and has generally been believed to accomplish the second digestion, or the conversion of chyme into chyle. In the duodenum it meets with the bile, pancreatic and intestinal fluids, loses its acid properties, and becomes alkaline, probably by the agency of the soda of the bile; […]

   • 1872, B[enjamin] Thompson Lowne, Descriptive Catalogue of the Teratological Series in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, London: Printed for the College, and Sold by R[obert] Hardwicke, 192 Piccadilly, →OCLC, series II (Abnormal Conditions Affecting the Axis in Animals), class II (Duplicity), subseries VI (In Mammals), subclass II (Homologous Union), page 27, preparation 115:

     The duodena open into a common pouch just below the entrance of the gall-ducts. The intestine was single from the confluence of the duodena to the termination of the jejunum.

   • 2013, “Retinaldehyde”, in Q. Ashton Acton, editor, Retinoids—Advances in Research and Application, Atlanta, Ga.: ScholarlyEditions, published 2013, →ISBN, page 36:

     Duodenums were dissected out, fixed and photographed.

Synonyms

• dodecadactylum, maw-gut (both obsolete)

Derived terms

• cystoduodenal
• duodenal
• duodenitis
• duodenumed
• gastroduodenum
• megaduodenum
• mesoduodenum
• pancreatoduodenectomy

 

Translations

first part of the small intestine

• Arabic: اِثْنَا عَشَرِيّ pl (iṯnā ʕašariyy), عَفْج m (ʕafj)

  Egyptian Arabic: إثنا عشر m (ʔesnā ʕašar)

• Armenian: տասներկումատնյա աղիք (hy) (tasnerkumatnya aġikʻ)
• Azerbaijani: onikibarmaq bağırsaq
• Basque: duodeno (eu)
• Belarusian: дванаццаціперсная кішка f (dvanaccacipjersnaja kiška)
• Bengali: ডুওডেনাম (bn) (ḍuōḍenam)
• Bulgarian: дванадесетопръстник m (dvanadesetoprǎstnik)
• Catalan: duodè (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 十二指腸／十二指肠 (zh) (shí'èrzhǐcháng)

• Czech: dvanáctník (cs) m
• Danish: tolvfingertarm (da) c
• Dhivehi: ޑުއަޑީނަމް (ḍuaḍīnam̊)
• Dutch: twaalfvingerige darm m, duodenum (nl) n
• Esperanto: duodeno (eo)
• Estonian: kaksteistsõrmiksool
• Finnish: pohjukaissuoli (fi)
• French: duodénum (fr) m
• Galician: duodeno (gl) m
• German: Duodenum (de) n, Zwölffingerdarm (de) m
• Greek: δωδεκαδάκτυλο (el) n (dodekadáktylo)
• Hebrew: תריסריון (he) m (tresaryón)
• Hindi: ग्रहणी (hi) (grahṇī)
• Hungarian: patkóbél (hu), nyombél (hu)
• Icelandic: skeifugörn (is) f
• Ido: duodenumo (io)
• Indonesian: usus dua belas jari (id), duodenum (id)
• Irish: dúidéineam
• Italian: duodeno (it) m
• Japanese: 十二指腸 (ja) (じゅうにしちょう, jūnishichō)
• Korean: 십이지장(十二指腸) (ko) (sibijijang)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: rûviya donzdeilîk f, rûviya donzdegirê f

• Latvian: divpadsmitpirkstu zarna
• Lithuanian: dvylikapirštė žarna
• Macedonian: дванаесетпалечно црево n (dvanaesetpalečno crevo)
• Maori: pohokauiti, kōpiroiti
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: tolvfingertarm m

  Nynorsk: tolvfingertarm m

• Persian: دوازدهه (fa) (davâzdahe)
• Polish: dwunastnica (pl) f
• Portuguese: duodeno (pt) m
• Romanian: duoden (ro) n
• Russian: двенадцатипе́рстная кишка́ (ru) f (dvenadcatipérstnaja kišká)
• Slovak: dvanástnik (sk) m
• Slovene: dvanajstnik m
• Southern Altai: мӧӧн (möön)
• Spanish: duodeno (es) m
• Swedish: tolvfingertarm (sv) c
• Tagalog: punong-isaw, tokong
• Thai: ลำไส้เล็กส่วนต้น
• Turkish: oniki-parmak bağırsağı, oniki parmak bağırsağı (tr)
• Ukrainian: дванадцятипала кишка f (dvanadcjatypala kyška)
• Uzbek: oʻn ikki barmoq ichak
• Vietnamese: tá tràng (vi)
• Volapük: duoden
• Welsh: dwodenwm

Further reading

• duodenum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈduodɛːnum]

Noun

duodenum n

1. duodenum

   Synonym: dvanáctník

Declension

Declension of duodenum (hard neuter foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	duodenum	duodena
genitive	duodena	duoden
dative	duodenu	duodenům
accusative	duodenum	duodena
vocative	duodenum	duodena
locative	duodenu	duodenech
instrumental	duodenem	duodeny

Related terms

• duodenální

 

Further reading

• “duodenum”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
• “duodenum”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin duodēnum digitōrum (“duodenum”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [duoˈdenʊm]
• Hyphenation: duo‧dé‧num

Noun

duodénum (first-person possessive duodenumku, second-person possessive duodenummu, third-person possessive duodenumnya)

1. (anatomy) duodenum.

   Synonym: usus dua belas jari

Further reading

• “duodenum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.