endure

See also: enduré

English

Alternative forms

• enduer, indure (obsolete)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Old Latin en

Latin in

Latin in-

Proto-Italic *dūros

Latin dūrūs

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin dūrō

Latin indūrō

Latin indūrāreder.

Old French endurerbor.

Middle English enduren

English endure

From Middle English enduren, from Old French endurer, from Latin indūrō (“to make hard”). Displaced Old English drēogan, which survives dialectally as dree.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdjʊə̯(ɹ)/, /ɪnˈdjɔː(ɹ)/, /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə̯(ɹ)/, /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔː(ɹ)/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈd(j)ʊɹ/, /ɪnˈdɝ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)

Verb

endure (third-person singular simple present endures, present participle enduring, simple past and past participle endured)

1. (intransitive) To continue or carry on, despite obstacles or hardships; to persist.

   Synonyms: carry on, plug away; see also Thesaurus:persevere

   The singer's popularity endured for decades.

   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XVIII, page 30:

     […] The life that almost dies in me:
     That dies not, but endures with pain,
     ⁠And slowly forms the firmer mind,
     ⁠Treasuring the look it cannot find,
     The words that are not heard again.

2. (transitive) To tolerate or put up with something unpleasant.

   Synonyms: bear, thole, take; see also Thesaurus:tolerate

3. (intransitive) To last.

   Synonyms: go on, hold on, persist; see also Thesaurus:persist

   Our love will endure forever.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 8:15, column 2:

     He ſhall leane vpon his houſe, but it ſhall not ſtand: he ſhal hold it faſt, but it ſhall not endure.

4. To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out.

   Synonyms: resist, survive, withstand

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 22:14, column 1:

     Can thine heart indure, or can thine hands be ſtrong in the dayes that I ſhall deale with thee?

5. (transitive) To suffer patiently.

   Synonyms: accept, thole, withstand

   He endured years of pain.

   • 2011 April 11, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 3 - 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Dirk Kuyt sandwiched a goal in between Carroll's double as City endured a night of total misery, with captain Carlos Tevez limping off early on with a hamstring strain that puts a serious question mark over his participation in Saturday's FA Cup semi-final against Manchester United at Wembley.

6. (obsolete) To indurate.

Derived terms

• co-endure

Related terms

• endurance
• enduring
• enduro
• duress

Translations

to continue despite obstacles

• Albanian: duroj (sq)

  Arbëresh: psonj

• Arabic:

  Egyptian Arabic: دام (dām)

• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Aromanian: aravdu
• Azerbaijani: dözmək (az)
• Bulgarian: издържам (bg) (izdǎržam)
• Catalan: aguantar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 承受 (zh) (chéngshòu), 忍受 (zh) (rěnshòu)

• Czech: vytrvat
• Danish: holde (da), vare (da)
• Dutch: voortduren (nl)
• Esperanto: elteni
• Finnish: kestää (fi)
• French: endurer (fr), perdurer (fr)
• Galician: aguantar (gl), perdurar (gl)
• Georgian: გაძლება (gaʒleba), თმენა (tmena), მოთმენა (motmena)
• German: ertragen (de), aushalten (de)
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gabeidan), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (frabairan)
• Greek: αντέχω (el) (antécho)

  Ancient: ὑπομένω (hupoménō)

• Hungarian: kitart (hu)
• Ido: durar (io)
• Italian: durare (it), restare (it), resistere (it), perdurare (it)
• Japanese: 耐える (ja) (たえる, taeru)
• Khmer: ទ្រាំ (km) (trŏəm), ស៊ូទ្រាំ (suutrŏəm)
• Ladin: tenì ora
• Latin: perpetior, habeo (la)
• Lithuanian: atlaikyti, atsilaikyti
• Maori: taimau
• Marathi: सहन करणे (sahan karṇe)
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Norman: enduther
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: holde ut

• Occitan: durar (oc), perdurar (oc)
• Polish: wytrzymać (pl) pf
• Portuguese: aguentar (pt), prevalecer (pt)
• Romanian: îndura (ro), răbda (ro)
• Russian: выде́рживать (ru) impf (vydérživatʹ), вы́держать (ru) pf (výderžatʹ), терпе́ть (ru) impf (terpétʹ), вы́терпеть (ru) pf (výterpetʹ), выноси́ть (ru) impf (vynosítʹ), вы́нести (ru) pf (výnesti)
• Spanish: aguantar (es), perdurar (es), persistir (es), turar
• Telugu: నిలబడు (te) (nilabaḍu), నిలుచు (te) (nilucu)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Urdu: قائم رہنا (qaeem rehnaa)
• Vietnamese: trụ (vi), tồn tại (vi)

to tolerate something

• Arabic: تَحَمَّلَ (taḥammala), صَبَرَ (ar) (ṣabara)

  Moroccan Arabic: صبر (ṣbar)

• Belarusian: цярпе́ць impf (cjarpjécʹ), трыва́ць impf (tryvácʹ), выно́сіць impf (vynósicʹ), вы́несці pf (výnjesci)
• Bulgarian: трая (bg) (traja), понасям (bg) (ponasjam)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 忍受 (zh) (rěnshòu)

• Czech: snášet (cs)
• Danish: udholde, tåle
• Dutch: verdragen (nl)
• Finnish: kestää (fi), sietää (fi)
• French: supporter (fr)
• Galician: tolerar (gl), aguantar (gl)
• Georgian: მოთმენა (motmena), თმენა (tmena), გაძლება (gaʒleba)
• German: dulden (de)
• Greek: αντέχω (el) (antécho), ανέχομαι (el) (anéchomai), υπομένω (el) (ypoméno)

  Ancient: ὑπομένω (hupoménō)

• Hungarian: elvisel (hu), kibír (hu)
• Icelandic: þola (is)
• Ingrian: terppiä
• Irish: iompair
• Italian: tollerare (it), sopportare (it)
• Japanese: たえる (ja) (taeru)
• Korean: 견디다 (ko) (gyeondida), 참다 (ko) (chamda)
• Latin: perpetior, tolerō
• Lithuanian: tverti (lt), ištverti
• Maori: koromaki, whakataumaha, whakaririka
• Marathi: सहन करणे (sahan karṇe)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: utstå

• Occitan: endurar (oc), soportar
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: трьпѣти impf (trĭpěti)

• Old East Slavic: тьрпѣти impf (tĭrpěti)
• Ottoman Turkish: گوتورمك (götürmek)
• Portuguese: aguentar (pt), suportar (pt)
• Romanian: tolera (ro), îngădui (ro), suporta (ro)
• Russian: терпе́ть (ru) impf (terpétʹ), вы́терпеть (ru) pf (výterpetʹ), выноси́ть (ru) impf (vynosítʹ), вы́нести (ru) pf (výnesti), переноси́ть (ru) impf (perenosítʹ), перенести́ (ru) pf (perenestí)
• Spanish: tolerar (es), consentir (es), condescender (es), sobrellevar (es), sobrellevar (es)
• Swedish: tåla (sv)
• Telugu: ఓర్చు (te) (ōrcu), భరించు (te) (bhariñcu)
• Tocharian B: käl-
• Ukrainian: терпі́ти impf (terpíty), вите́рплювати impf (vytérpljuvaty), зазнава́ти impf (zaznaváty), зазна́ти pf (zaznáty), вино́сити impf (vynósyty), ви́нести pf (výnesty)
• Urdu: برداشت کرنا (bardasht karna), قائم رہنا (qaeem rehna)
• Vietnamese: chịu đựng (vi)
• Walloon: edurer (wa)

to last

• Arabic: اِسْتَمَرَّ (istamarra)
• Bulgarian: трая (bg) (traja), продължавам (bg) (prodǎlžavam)
• Catalan: durar (ca), perdurar (ca)
• Danish: vare (da), leve (da)
• Esperanto: daŭri
• Finnish: kestää (fi)
• Galician: durar (gl)
• Georgian: გაძლება (gaʒleba)
• German: von Bestand sein
• Ido: durar (io)
• Italian: durare (it)
• Korean: 버티다 (ko) (beotida)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: vare (no)

• Occitan: durar (oc), perdurar (oc)
• Portuguese: durar (pt), resistir (pt)
• Romanian: dura (ro)
• Scottish Gaelic: seas
• Spanish: durar (es), turar, perdurar (es)
• Urdu: جھیلنا (jhelna)
• Walloon: durer (wa)

to suffer patiently

• Bulgarian: изтърпявам (bg) (iztǎrpjavam)
• Danish: døje, udholde, holde ud
• Dutch: doorstaan (nl)
• Finnish: kärsiä (fi)
• Galician: aguantar (gl)
• Greek: υπομένω (el) (ypoméno), αντέχω (el) (antécho), τραβάω (el) (traváo), εγκαρτερώ (el) (egkarteró)

  Ancient Greek: πάσχω (páskhō)

• Ido: subisar (io)
• Indonesian: menderita (id)
• Irish: iompair
• Italian: sopportare (it), tollerare (it), soffrire di
• Maori: whakataumaha, whakataimaha
• Marathi: सहन करणे (sahan karṇe)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: utstå, holde ut med, utholde

• Occitan: endurar (oc)
• Old English: ādrēogan, drēogan, þrōwian, æfnan
• Portuguese: sofrer (pt), aguentar (pt)
• Spanish: sobrellevar (es)
• Swedish: genomlida (sv), utstå (sv)
• Urdu: بھگتنا (bhugatnaa)

References

• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “endure”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

Anagrams

• durene, enduer, enured, reuned

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.dyʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

endure

1. inflection of endurer:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• rendue

Spanish

Verb

endure

1. inflection of endurar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative