fresar

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [fɾəˈza]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [fɾeˈzaɾ]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *frictiare, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). Originally this described the action of some animals who rub their bellies on the ground while laying eggs and from there was extended to "lay eggs, spawn" in general. Doublet of fressar.

Verb

fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresí, past participle fresat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/

1. (intransitive) to spawn
2. (intransitive) to defecate (of rabbits, etc.)

Derived terms

• fres
• fresa

Etymology 2

From fresa (“milling cutter”) +‎ -ar.

Verb

fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresí, past participle fresat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/

1. (transitive) to mill (using a milling cutter)
2. (transitive) to mix flour with water before kneading

Derived terms

• fresatge

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fresar (first conjugation)

infinitive			fresar
gerund			fresant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fresat		fresada
		plural		fresats		fresades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	freso	freses	fresa	fresem	freseu	fresen
	imperfect	fresava	fresaves	fresava	fresàvem	fresàveu	fresaven
	future	fresaré	fresaràs	fresarà	fresarem	fresareu	fresaran
	preterite	fresí	fresares	fresà	fresàrem	fresàreu	fresaren
	conditional	fresaria	fresaries	fresaria	fresaríem	fresaríeu	fresarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	fresi	fresis	fresi	fresem	freseu	fresin
	imperfect	fresés	fresessis	fresés	freséssim	freséssiu	fresessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	fresa	fresi	fresem	freseu	fresin
	negative (no)	—	no fresis	no fresi	no fresem	no freseu	no fresin

Further reading

• “fresar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Portuguese

Etymology

From fresa +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /fɾeˈza(ʁ)/ [fɾeˈza(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /fɾeˈza(ʁ)/ [fɾeˈza(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /fɾeˈza(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /fɾeˈza(ʁ)/ [fɾeˈza(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /fɾeˈza(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fɾɨˈzaɾ/, /fɾɛˈzaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fɾɨˈzaɾ/, /fɾɛˈzaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /fɾɨˈza.ɾi/, /fɾɛˈza.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: fre‧sar

Verb

fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresei, past participle fresado)

1. (transitive, mechanics) to mill (to carve or grind with a milling machine)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fresar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	fresar
Personal	fresar	fresares	fresar	fresarmos	fresardes	fresarem
Gerund
	fresando
Past participle
Masculine	fresado			fresados
Feminine	fresada			fresadas
Indicative
Present	freso	fresas	fresa	fresamos	fresais	fresam
Imperfect	fresava	fresavas	fresava	fresávamos	fresáveis	fresavam
Preterite	fresei	fresaste	fresou	fresamos1, fresámos2	fresastes	fresaram
Pluperfect	fresara	fresaras	fresara	fresáramos	fresáreis	fresaram
Future	fresarei	fresarás	fresará	fresaremos	fresareis	fresarão
Conditional	fresaria	fresarias	fresaria	fresaríamos	fresaríeis	fresariam
Subjunctive
Present	frese	freses	frese	fresemos	freseis	fresem
Imperfect	fresasse	fresasses	fresasse	fresássemos	fresásseis	fresassem
Future	fresar	fresares	fresar	fresarmos	fresardes	fresarem
Imperative
Affirmative		fresa	frese	fresemos	fresai	fresem
Negative (não)		não freses	não frese	não fresemos	não freseis	não fresem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• fresador

 

Further reading

• “fresar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “fresar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From fresa (“endmill”) +‎ -ar, or from Vulgar Latin frēsare, frequentative of Latin frendere (“to grind”) through its past participle frēsum. The main sense of "to mill" was probably taken French fraiser.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɾeˈsaɾ/ [fɾeˈsaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: fre‧sar

Verb

fresar (first-person singular present freso, first-person singular preterite fresé, past participle fresado)

1. to mill (using a milling cutter)
2. to mix flour with water before kneading
3. (rare, dated) to grunt, gripe, complain

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fresar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			fresar
gerund			fresando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fresado		fresada
		plural		fresados		fresadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	freso	fresastú fresásvos	fresa	fresamos	fresáis	fresan
	imperfect	fresaba	fresabas	fresaba	fresábamos	fresabais	fresaban
	preterite	fresé	fresaste	fresó	fresamos	fresasteis	fresaron
	future	fresaré	fresarás	fresará	fresaremos	fresaréis	fresarán
	conditional	fresaría	fresarías	fresaría	fresaríamos	fresaríais	fresarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	frese	fresestú fresésvos2	frese	fresemos	freséis	fresen
	imperfect (ra)	fresara	fresaras	fresara	fresáramos	fresarais	fresaran
	imperfect (se)	fresase	fresases	fresase	fresásemos	fresaseis	fresasen
	future1	fresare	fresares	fresare	fresáremos	fresareis	fresaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		fresatú fresávos	frese	fresemos	fresad	fresen
	negative		no freses	no frese	no fresemos	no freséis	no fresen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of fresar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive fresar
	dative	fresarme	fresarte	fresarle, fresarse	fresarnos	fresaros	fresarles, fresarse
	accusative	fresarme	fresarte	fresarlo, fresarla, fresarse	fresarnos	fresaros	fresarlos, fresarlas, fresarse
with gerund fresando
	dative	fresándome	fresándote	fresándole, fresándose	fresándonos	fresándoos	fresándoles, fresándose
	accusative	fresándome	fresándote	fresándolo, fresándola, fresándose	fresándonos	fresándoos	fresándolos, fresándolas, fresándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative fresa
	dative	frésame	frésate	frésale	frésanos	not used	frésales
	accusative	frésame	frésate	frésalo, frésala	frésanos	not used	frésalos, frésalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative fresá
	dative	fresame	fresate	fresale	fresanos	not used	fresales
	accusative	fresame	fresate	fresalo, fresala	fresanos	not used	fresalos, fresalas
with formal second-person singular imperative frese
	dative	fréseme	not used	frésele, frésese	frésenos	not used	fréseles
	accusative	fréseme	not used	fréselo, frésela, frésese	frésenos	not used	fréselos, fréselas
with first-person plural imperative fresemos
	dative	not used	fresémoste	fresémosle	fresémonos	fresémoos	fresémosles
	accusative	not used	fresémoste	fresémoslo, fresémosla	fresémonos	fresémoos	fresémoslos, fresémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative fresad
	dative	fresadme	not used	fresadle	fresadnos	fresaos	fresadles
	accusative	fresadme	not used	fresadlo, fresadla	fresadnos	fresaos	fresadlos, fresadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative fresen
	dative	frésenme	not used	frésenle	frésennos	not used	frésenles, frésense
	accusative	frésenme	not used	frésenlo, frésenla	frésennos	not used	frésenlos, frésenlas, frésense

Derived terms

• fresador
• fresadora

 

Further reading

• “fresar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28