helpan

Esperanto

Adjective

helpan

1. accusative singular of helpa

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną.

Verb

helpan

1. to help, to assist [with dative]

Inflection

Conjugation of helpan (strong class 3)

infinitive	helpan
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	helpo, helpon	halp
2nd person singular	hilpis, hilpist	hulpi, hulpis
3rd person singular	hilpit	halp
1st person plural	helpon	hulpun
2nd person plural	helpet	hulput
3rd person plural	helpont	hulpun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	helpe	hulpi
2nd person singular	helpes, helpest	hulpi, hulpis
3rd person singular	helpe	hulpi
1st person plural	helpen	hulpin
2nd person plural	helpet	hulpit
3rd person plural	helpen	hulpin
imperative	present
singular	help, hilp
plural	helpet
participle	present	past
	helpandi	holpan, giholpan

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: helpen
  • Dutch: helpen
    • Afrikaans: help
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: helpu
    • Javindo: helpen
    • Jersey Dutch: hälpe
    • Negerhollands: help
    • Skepi Creole Dutch: halp
    • → Caribbean Javanese: hèlep, ngèlep
  • Limburgish: hèlpe

Further reading

• “helpan”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *helpaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxel.pɑn/, [ˈheɫ.pɑn]

Verb

helpan

1. to help (+dative or genitive)
   • 11th century, note from a copyist at the end of Ælfric's De Temporibus Anni

     God helpe mīnum handum.

     God help my hands.

   • c. 992, Ælfric, The Assumption of the Holy Virgin Mary

     On þissum wræcfullum līfe, wē sċulon earmra manna helpan.

     In this life of exile, we should help poor people.

   • c. 1013, Wulfstan, Sermon of the Wolf to the English‎^[1]:

     God ūre helpe.

     God help us.

Conjugation

Conjugation of helpan (strong class 3)

infinitive	helpan	helpenne
indicative mood	present tense	past tense
first person singular	helpe	healp
second person singular	hilpst	hulpe
third person singular	hilpþ	healp
plural	helpaþ	hulpon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	helpe	hulpe
plural	helpen	hulpen
imperative
singular	help
plural	helpaþ
participle	present	past
	helpende	(ġe)holpen

Descendants

• Middle English: helpen, help, elp, helpi, healpe, heolpe, halpen, hælpan
  • English: help
  • Scots: help
  • Yola: help

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną.

Verb

helpan

1. to help

Conjugation

Conjugation of helpan (strong class 3)

infinitive	helpan
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	hilpu	halp
2nd person singular	hilpis	hulpi
3rd person singular	hilpid	halp
plural	helpad	hulpun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	helpe	hulpi
2nd person singular	helpes	hulpis
3rd person singular	helpe	hulpi
plural	helpen	hulpin
imperative	present
singular	help
plural	helpad
participle	present	past
	hilpandi	giholpan, holpan

Descendants

• Middle Low German: helpen
  • German Low German: helpen, hölpen