hospes

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin hospes (“host”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɦɔs.pəs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: hos‧pes

Noun

hospes m (plural hospites or hospessen)

1. (chiefly Netherlands) landlord

   Synonyms: kostbaas, kotbaas

Coordinate terms

• hospita

Related terms

• hospice
• hospita
• hospitaal

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *hostipotis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis, a compound of *gʰóstis (whence hostis) and *pótis (whence potis); etymologically equivalent to hostis +‎ potis. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gospodь.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈhos.pes/, [ˈhɔs̠pɛs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈos.pes/, [ˈɔspes]

Noun

hospes m or f (genitive hospitis); third declension

1. host
2. guest, visitor
3. stranger, foreigner
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.501–502:

     Atque ita "longa via est, nec tempora longa supersunt,"
     dīxit "et hospitibus iānua nostra patet."

     And this is what he said: “The road is long, and not long are the hours remaining [in this day]; and our door is open to strangers.”
     (Hyrieus unknowingly welcomes Jupiter, Neptune, and Mercury; the gods later grant Hyrieus’s wish to become a father. See: Hyrieus; Orion (mythology).)

4. unaware, inexperienced, untrained

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	hospes	hospitēs
Genitive	hospitis	hospitum
Dative	hospitī	hospitibus
Accusative	hospitem	hospitēs
Ablative	hospite	hospitibus
Vocative	hospes	hospitēs

Synonyms

• (foreigner): peregrinus
• (inexperienced): inexpertus, ignarus, imperītus

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “inexperienced”): doctus, gnarus, peritus, callidus

Derived terms

• hospita
• hospitālis
• hospiticīda
• hospitium
• hospitīvus
• hospitō
• hospitor

Related terms

• hospita
• hospitāculum
• hospitālia
• hospitālitās
• hospitāliter
• hospitātor
• hospitiolum

Descendants

• Aromanian: oaspi, oaspe, ospi
• Catalan: hoste
• Old Francoprovençal: oste, hoste
  • Franco-Provençal: hôpte
• Old French: oste
  • → English: host
  • French: hôte
• Friulian: ospit
• Galician: hóspede
• Italian: ospite, oste (through Old French)
• Occitan: òste
• Piedmontese: òspite
• Portuguese: hóspede
• Romanian: oaspete
• Romansch: hosp
• Sicilian: òspiti, òsputi
• Spanish: huésped
• Walloon: oste, oiste
• → Welsh: osb

References

• “hospes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “hospes”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• hospes in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• hospes in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
• “hospes”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 291