Recuperación da lingua hebrea

O proceso de recuperación da lingua hebrea tivo lugar en Europa e Palestina contra o final do século XIX e comezos do século XX, e a través del, o emprego da lingua cambio dende o uso litúrxico do xudaísmo a lingua falada e lingua escrita no día a día de Israel. O proceso comezou cando os xudeus comezaron a chegar a Palestina na primeira metade do séxulo XIX e empregaron o hebreo como lingua franca.^[1] Porén, produciuse un desenvolvemento paralelo en Europa no que o hebreo cambiou dende lingua litúrxica a lingua literaria^[2] o cal xogou un papel determinante nos programas educativos.^[3] O hebreo moderno, xunto co árabe moderno, foi oficializado en Israel dende o mandato británico de Palestina, unha situación que continuou dende a Declaración de Independencia de Israel de 1948. Máis que un proceso puramente lingüístico, a recuperación do hebreo foi empregado pola modernización xudía e movementos políticos, e converteuse nun dos piares asociados ó asentamento da terra, ó sionismo^[4] e á política israelí.

O proceso de recuperación do hebreo no uso regular é único, non existindo outros exemplos dunha lingua natural sen ningún falante nativo. Adquiriu millóns de falantes nativos e non existen outros exemplos dunha lingua sacra que se convertese en lingua nacional.

Notas

↑ Parfitt , Tudor (1972) 'The Use of Hebrew in Palestine 1800–1822.' Journal of Semitic Studies, 17 (2). pp. 237-252.
↑ Parfitt, Tudor (1983) 'Ahad Ha-Am's Role in the Revival and Development of Hebrew.' In: Kornberg, J., (ed.), At the crossroads: essays on Ahad Ha-am. New York: State University of New York Press, pp. 12-27.
↑ Parfitt, Tudor (1995) 'Peretz Smolenskin, the Revival of Hebrew and Jewish Education.' In: Abramson, G. and Parfitt , T., (eds.), Jewish education and learning : published in honour of Dr. David Patterson on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 1-11.
↑ Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews, p.442. " Yet in all [of young David Ben-Gurion's] activity, three salient principles remained constant. First, Jews must make it their priority to return to the land; ‘the settlement of the land is the only true Zionism, all else being self-deception, empty verbiage and merely a pastime’. [Quoted in Encyclopaedia Judaica, iv 506.] Second, the structure of the new community must be designed to assist this process within a socialist framework. Third, the cultural binding of the Zionist society must be the Hebrew language.

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[1] Parfitt , Tudor (1972) 'The Use of Hebrew in Palestine 1800–1822.' Journal of Semitic Studies, 17 (2). pp. 237-252.

[2] Parfitt, Tudor (1983) 'Ahad Ha-Am's Role in the Revival and Development of Hebrew.' In: Kornberg, J., (ed.), At the crossroads: essays on Ahad Ha-am. New York: State University of New York Press, pp. 12-27.

[3] Parfitt, Tudor (1995) 'Peretz Smolenskin, the Revival of Hebrew and Jewish Education.' In: Abramson, G. and Parfitt , T., (eds.), Jewish education and learning : published in honour of Dr. David Patterson on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 1-11.

[4] Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews, p.442. " Yet in all [of young David Ben-Gurion's] activity, three salient principles remained constant. First, Jews must make it their priority to return to the land; ‘the settlement of the land is the only true Zionism, all else being self-deception, empty verbiage and merely a pastime’. [Quoted in Encyclopaedia Judaica, iv 506.] Second, the structure of the new community must be designed to assist this process within a socialist framework. Third, the cultural binding of the Zionist society must be the Hebrew language.

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