Xenocidio camboxano
O xenocidio camboxano (en khmer: របបប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍) foi obra do réxime maoísta[1] dos Khmer vermellos (en francés: Khmer Rouge ou KR; en khemer: Khmer Krahom), un partido político que gobernou a chamada Kampuchea Democrática entre 1975 e 1979, cunha concepción extremista da revolución.
Baixo a dirección de Pol Pot, o réxime propúxose a creación dun modelo socialista agrario baseado nos ideais do maoísmo e o stalinismo. A súa política caracterizouse pola ruralización forzada dos habitantes dos núcleos urbanos, torturas, execucións masivas, traballos forzados xeneralizados e malnutrición, custando a vida de aproximadamente un cuarto da poboación do país.[2] En cifras concretas, entre millón e medio e tres millóns de camboxanos faleceron. O xenocidio finalizou coa invasión vietnamita.[3] Descubríronse máis de 20 000 fosas comúns, chamadas Campos da Morte.[4] Os principais descubrimentos destas fosas déronse entre 1995 e 1996.[5]
O obxectivo principal dos Khmer vermellos era purificar o país, en similitude ó tentado pola Alemaña nazi, crear unha raza superior ou, como dixo un líder khemer: «a purificación da poboación».[6] Como a maioría das vítimas eran de etnia khmer, a mesma dos seus verdugos, ás veces denomínase ó proceso un "autoxenocidio".[7]
O 2 de xaneiro de 2001, o goberno camboxano aprobou unha lexislación para axuizar un número limitado de dirixentes vermellos. Estes comezaron o 17 de febreiro de 2009.[8] O 7 de agosto de 2014, Nuon Chea e Khieu Samphan foron declarados culpables e sentenciados a cadea perpetua polos seus crimes de lesa humanidade.[9]
Notas
[editar | editar a fonte]- ↑ Jackson, 1992: 219
- ↑ Etcheson, 2005: 119; Heuveline, 1998: 49-65
- ↑ Mayersan, 2013: 182
- ↑ DeMello, 2013: 86
- ↑ Kohn, 2013: 256
- ↑ Hannum, 1989: 88s
- ↑ Vallvé Bermejo, 2005: 102
- ↑ Mendes, 2011: 13
- ↑ FIDH. “Camboya: Sentencia de 2 ex líderes del Jemer Rojo a cadena perpetua es histórica”. FIDH. Publicado el 7 de agosto de 2014. Consultado o 15 de decembro de 2015.
Véxase tamén
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Bibliografía
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