Mutanen Ibibio mutane ne da ke zaune a gabar teku a kudancin Najeriya. Galibi ana samun su a cikin Akwa Ibom da Kuros Riba . Suna da alaƙa da mutanen Annang Igbo da Efik . A lokacin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya, ƙungiyar haɗin kan Ibibio ta nemi Turawan Ingila su amince da ita a matsayin kasa mai cikakken iko (Nuhu, a shekarar 1988). Annang, Efik, Ekid, Oron da Ibeno suna raba sunaye, al'ada, da al'adu tare da Ibibio, kuma suna magana game da ire-irensu (yare) na Ibibio wanda ya fi fahimtar juna . Kungiyar Ekpo / Ekpe tana da mahimmin ɓangare na tsarin siyasar Ibibio. Suna amfani da masks iri-iri don aiwatar da kulawar zamantakewa. Zane-zane na jiki yana taka rawa a cikin fasahar Ibibio.[1].

Mutanen Ibibio

Yankuna masu yawan jama'a
Najeriya
Harsuna
Harshen Ibibio
Kyakkyawar Rawa daga ƴan ƙabilar
Yarinya sanye da kayan gargajiya na kabilar su

Ana tsammanin mutanen Ibibio su ne farkon mazauna kudu maso kudancin Najeriya. An kuma kiyasta cewa sun isa gidansu na yanzu misalin 7000 BC Duk da tarin tarihin, ba a bayyana lokacin da Ibibio suka iso jihar ba. A cewar wasu masana, watakila sun fito ne daga tsakiyar kwarin Benuwai, musamman, tasirin Jukun a tsohuwar Kalabar a wani lokaci na tarihi. Wani abin nunawa shi ne yadda ake yada manila, sanannen kuɗaɗen kuɗi da Jukuns ke amfani da shi.[ana buƙatar hujja] Guda biyu tare da kuma wannan ne Jukun kudancin drive to Coast wanda ya bayyana ga an kwanan nan idan aka kwatanta da samuwar Akwa Ibom ƙauyuka a su a mazaunin suna yanzu .

Wani fasalin ya bayyana cewa Kamaru za ta ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin hijirar Ibibio. Hakan ya kuma samu karɓuwa ta hanyar shaidar baka da ma'aikatan filin suka bayar wadanda suka ce ainihin mutanen Ibibio sun fito ne daga tsatson Afaha wanda asalin gidansu Usak Edet ne a kasar Kamaru. An tsara hakan ne saboda cewa a tsakanin mutanen Ibibio, Usak Edet wanda aka fi sani da Edit Afaha (Afaha's Creek) wanda ya nuna gaskiyar cewa mutanen Ibibio sun samo asali ne daga Usak Edet. Bayan yawancin mutanen sun zo inda daga baya ya zama Najeriya, sai suka fara zama a Ibom sannan a Arochukwu. Ibibio dole ne ya zauna a Ibom na ɗan lokaci. Sakamakon rikici da mutanen Ibo, har ya kai ga shahararriyar 'Yaƙin Ibibio', wanda ya faru a kusan 1300 da 1400 AD, sun bar Ibom suka koma ƙasar Ibibio ta yanzu..[2][3]

Labarin ƙasa

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Ana samun mutanen Ibibio galibi a cikin jihar Akwa Ibom kuma suna da alaƙa da al’ummar Anaang, da mutanen Ibibio da na Eket da Oron, ko da yake sauran ƙungiyoyi galibi suna fahimtar yaren Ibibio . Saboda yawan mutanen Ibibio, suna riƙe da ikon siyasa a kan jihar Akwa-Ibom, amma ana raba gwamnati tare da Anaangs, Eket da Oron. Tsarin siyasa yana bin tsarin gargajiya na yarda . Ko da yake ana yin zaɓe, a zahiri, ana tattauna shugabannin siyasa ta hanyar da kowa zai amfana.

Yankin Ibibio

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Mutanen Ibibio suna cikin yankin kudu maso kudu na yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya wanda aka fi sani da Kudu Maso Gabashin Najeriya. Kafin wanzuwar Najeriya a matsayin ƙasa, mutanen Ibibio suna cin gashin kansu. A Ibibio mutane ya zama wani ɓangare na Eastern Najeriya na Najeriya a karkashin Birtaniya mulkin mallaka. A lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya, an raba yankin Gabas zuwa jihohi uku. Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya ita ce inda Ibibio suke, daya daga cikin asalin jihohin goma sha biyu na Najeriya bayan samun 'yancin kan Najeriya. The Efik, Anaang, Oron, Eket, da 'yan'uwansu maza da mata na Gundumar Ogoja, su ma suna cikin yankin Kudu maso Gabas. Daga baya aka sauyawa jihar suna (jihar kudu maso gabas ) zuwa jihar Cross Rivers . A ranar 23 ga Satumbar 1987, da Dokar Soja ta No.24, aka sassaka Jihar Akwa Ibom daga wancan jihar ta Kuros Ribas a matsayin jihar ta daban. Jihar Kuros Ribas ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin jihohin makwabta.

Yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Kamaru wani yanki ne na Jihar Kuros Riba da Jahar Akwa Ibom ta Najeriya. A lokacin yankin Gabashin Najeriya na wancan lokacin, ya samu raba ƙasar Kamaru a cikin yardar Allah a shekarar 1961. Wannan ya haifar da raba Ibibio, Efik, da Annang tsakanin Najeriya da Kamaru. Ko yaya, shugabancin Yankin Arewacin Najeriya ya sami damar riƙe "sashin Arewa maso yamma" yayin sassaucin ra'ayi wanda a yanzu ya zama jihohin Adamawa da Taraba na yau.

Tsarin siyasa

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A al'adance al'ummar Ibibio ta ƙunshi al'ummomi waɗanda suka haɗa da manyan iyalai masu nasaba da jini kowanne wanda yake shugabanta da shugaban tsarin mulki da na addini da ake kira Ikpaisong . Obong Ikpaisong ya yi mulki tare da Mbong Ekpuk (Shugaban Iyalan) wanda tare da shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri da al'ummomi suka zama 'Afe ko Asan ko Esop Ikpaisong' (Majalisar Gargajiya ko Masarautar Gargajiya ko Kotun Gargajiya '). Shawarwarin Obong Ikpaisong an zartar da su ne daga membobin ƙungiyar Ekpo ko Obon waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin manzannin ruhohi da sojoji da ’yan sanda na yankin. Membobin Ekpo ko yaushe suna lullube da fuskokinsu yayin gudanar da aikinsu na 'yan sanda. Ko da yake kusan an san asalinsu ko yaushe, tsoron azabtarwa daga magabatan ya hana yawancin mutane zargin waɗancan membobin da suka wuce iyakarsu, ta yadda suke aikata ta'asar 'yan sanda. Membobi a bude suke ga duk maza na Ibibio, amma dole ne mutum ya samu damar mallakar dukiya don matsawa cikin maki mai tasiri a siyasance. Babbar manufar Ekpo ita ce ta kare mutanenta kuma ta zama kariya ga masu kai hari. Suna damuwa da lamuran da larura waɗanda suka shafi lafiyar garin gaba ɗaya. Kari kan haka, ya zama wata hanya ce ta maza don amfani da kuzari don amfanin kowa da kowa. A cikin watannin Yuni zuwa Disamba, kungiyar Ekpo tana taka rawa babba a rayuwar al'umma. Yawancin ayyuka kamar su noma, sayayya, da samun abinci da ruwa an hana su a ranakun da masks ke fita kuma ana yin su. Laifuka suna kuma haifar da sakamako mai girma a wannan lokacin. Duk da yake hukunce-hukuncen sun fi sassauci a yau, mutumin da aka kama yana sata a wannan lokacin a cikin shekarun 1940 membobin Ekpo za su kashe shi. Babban hafsan zai turo wasu mutane wadanda suka rufe fuska don tunkarar mai karya doka idan bukatar hakan ta taso. An san shi da ƙungiyar asiri duk da cewa ƙauyen ya san manufa da ayyukan. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa dole ne kowa ya bi wasu dokoki a lokacin Ekpo. Asiri mafi mahimmanci sune jerin kalmomin lambobi da matakan raye-raye waɗanda aka koyar don farawa da amfani da membobi. Sanin waɗannan sirrin yana bawa membobi damar yin tafiye tafiye cikin lokacin, kuma kamawa da aka yi tafiya ba tare da sanin kalmomin sirrin da rawa ba zai haifar da kama.

Ƙungiyar Obon, tare da ƙazamar ƙazamar gargajiyar gargajiyar ta da karɓaɓɓiyar karɓa, tana aiwatar da ayyukanta a bayyane tare da jerin gwanon kiɗa da shahararrun membobi waɗanda suka haɗa da yara, matasa, manya da tsofaffi mata tsofaffi.

Zamanin Mulkin Mallaka

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Addinin Ibibio (Inam) yana da girma biyu, wanda ya danganci zub da ruwan sha, sadaukarwa, sujada, nasiha, sadarwa da kira ga Allah na Sama (Abasi Enyong), Allah na Duniya (Abasi Isong) da Maɗaukaki ( Abasi Ibom) daga Masarautar Tsarin Mulki da Sarkin Addini / Shugaban wata Al'umma ta Ibibio wanda aka san shi tun zamanin da a matsayin Obong-Ikpaisong (kalmar 'Obong Ikpaisong' kai tsaye ake fassara ma'anarta shi ne Shugaban Manyan Earthasashe 'ko' Sarkin Duniya da Manufofin 'ko Sarakunan Gargajiya ). Matsayi na biyu na Addinin Ibibio ya danganci bautar, shawara, roƙo, sadaukarwa, kwantar da hankali, da sauransu na Allah na Sama (Abasi Enyong) da Allah na Duniya (Abasi Isong) ta hanyar abubuwa marasa ganuwa ko na ruhaniya (ni Ndem ) na reshen Ibibio daban-daban kamar su Atakpo Ndem Uruan Inyang, Afia Anwan, Ekpo / Ekpe Onyong, Etefia Ikono, Awa Itam, da sauransu. Firistocin waɗannan Alloli (ni Ndem) su ne Manyan Firistoci / Firistoci na Haikali na Firistoci daban-daban na Rarraba Ibibio. Wani yanki na Ibibio zai iya kunshi al'ummomi masu zaman kansu masu yawa ko kuma masarautu wanda wani Babban Firist mai mulki mai suna Obong-Ikpaisong ke mulki, wanda shugabannin manyan iyalai (Mbong Ekpuk) wadanda suka hada Al'umma suka taimaka. Waɗannan sun kasance tsoffin tsarin siyasa da addini na mutanen Ibibio tun fil azal. Al'adar, wacce aka fassara ta da Harshen Ibibio, ita ce 'Ikpaisong'. Gargajiya (Ikpaisong) a Al'adun Ibibio ya ƙunshi Tsarin Addini da Siyasa. Kalmar 'Obong' a yaren Ibibio na nufin 'Sarki, Sarki, Ubangiji, Shugaba, Shugaba' kuma ana amfani da ita ya danganta da damuwar Ofishin. Dangane da Obong-Ikpaisong, kalmar 'Obong' na nufin 'Sarki'. Dangane da Shugaban Ƙauye, kalmar tana nufin 'Shugaba'. Dangane da Shugaban Iyalai (Obong Ekpuk), kalmar tana nufin 'Kai' Dangane da Allah, kalmar tana nufin 'Ubangiji'. Dangane da Shugaban al'ummomi daban-daban - misali 'Obong Obon', kalmar tana nufin 'Shugaba ko Shugaba'.

Tsarkakkun sasashe (Akai)

Wurare a cikin kowane ƙauye ƙasashe ne masu alfarma, akai (daji). An kira su akai saboda babu wanda aka bari ya share su don noma. Duk wuraren da aka binne su, wuraren bautar gumaka na kabilu da wuraren kungiyoyin asiri kamar Ekpo Onyoho, Ekpe, Ekoong, Idiong, Ekong, da Obon, masu tsarki ne. Duk abin da ke waɗannan wuraren tsarkakakku ne. Ba a ba wa waɗanda ba membobin ƙungiyar asirin damar shiga wuraren da aka keɓe don irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ɓoye ba, har ma da tattara itacen wuta, sanduna, 'ya'yan itatuwa (kamar ɗanɗano), kayan lambu (kamar afang da odusa) ko katantanwa, ko kuma farautar dabbobin da suka yi yawa a cikin dazuzzuka. Bayani mai sauki ne. Idan aka bar wadanda ba membobi ba suka shiga kowace kungiyar asiri za su iya gano sirrin zamantakewar su mai mutunci, kuma mugayen mutane suna iya wulakanta kaburburan kakanninsu saboda haka haramcin.

Rai da Rai Bayan Mutuwa

Kamar yawancin kalmomin Ibibio, sunan Ukpong (Soul) yana da ma'anoni huɗu. Na farko, jikin mutum, na biyu, ruhu, na uku, ruhu, da na huɗu, kan-ruhu; na ƙarshen koyaushe yana zaune a gidan Abasi Ibom kuma ya banbanta da daidaikun mutane wanda tsakanin haɗuwa da zama cikin ƙasar matattu. Kodayake ruhu da ruhu suna haɗuwa, yawancin Ruhu yana ƙunshe a cikin wannan yanki na girman kai wanda ya zama jiki.

A cewar Talbot, ya dace da ruhi wanda yake amfani da wani lokacinsa a matsayin dabba ko kuma a cikin daji-daji a cikin daji ko ruwa kuma ana kiransa Ukpong Ikot, ko kurmin daji. Ba a tsammanin inuwa tana da alaƙa da jikin mutum amma ya zama fitowar ruhi ne don haka ya zama tasirin kai tsaye ta kowane mataki a kai. Mafi yawan Ibibio sun yi imanin cewa ana iya kiran ran mutum zuwa inuwarsa, wanda aka sanya shi ya bayyana a cikin kwandon ruwa. Inuwar ta zama mashi, ana ganin jininsa a cikin ruwa a kwatancen sai mutumin ya mutu.

Ibibio sun yi imani cewa bayan mutuwa ana rayuwa da irin wannan rayuwa yayin rayuwar duniya; Misali, manoma, maƙera, mafarauta, da masunta zasu ci gaba da ayyukansu na da yayin da hulɗar zamantakewa da nishaɗi suma zasu ci gaba kamar da. Yanayi, gidaje, albarkatun gona da dabbobin lahira suna da kamanni ɗaya a wannan duniyar amma kawai dabbobin, tsire-tsire da kayan abinci waɗanda aka sadaukar domin girmama matattu ake jigilar su a can. Ofasar matattu, kamar ta masu rai, an yi imani da cewa an raba ta zuwa ƙasashe, garuruwa, ƙauyuka da layuka inda al'ummomin mutane daban-daban suke rayuwa kamar ƙasa. A lokacin mutuwa kowane mutum yana zuwa yankin da mutanensa suke zaune.

Obot (Yanayi)

Ibibio yayi imani da obot, ma'ana, halittar mutum da Allah. Idan wani mutum ne daji, sai su ce an halicce shi ta wannan hanyar; idan yana da kirki, to haka ma Allah ya halicce shi ya zama; idan shi talaka ne ko mai arziƙi, wannan shi ne rabonsa, da sauransu, don haka babu wani abin da wani zai iya yi don canza masa kuri'a, domin an tsara shi haka.

Essien Emana (makoma) Ibibio kuma sunyi imani da irin wannan hanyar a cikin ƙaddara, essien emana ko uwa . Misali, idan mutum ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, wannan shine yadda ya mutu a cikin kasancewarsa ta baya kuma sabili da haka dole ne ya mutu ta wannan hanyar. Idan yana da wadata, ya kasance haka cikin yanayin kasancewarsa ta baya kuma dole ne ya zama haka yanzu; idan ya kasance mai hazaka, to haka ya kamata ya zama, da dai sauransu. Zai iya, koyaya, juya yanayin idan ya shawarci Mbia Idiong, wanda shi kaɗai zai iya gaya masa abin da zai yi. Masu duba zasu iya taimaka masa ya nuna masa menene ya aikata a rayuwarsa ta baya wacce ta shafi rayuwarsa ta yanzu. Sannan za su iya rubuta masa abin da zai yi don magance yanayin da ke taɓarɓarewa. Idan aka bi umarnin sosai, za a iya juya matsayin, sun yi imani. Misali, idan mutum ba shi da wata matsala wani mai duba zai iya gaya masa cewa ya kashe yara marasa laifi a cikin kasancewarsa ta baya, kuma iyayen mamacin da sauran jama'a sun la'anta shi, suna cewa ba shi da wata matsala kuma zai ci gaba da kashe yara marasa laifi a duk lokacin da ya shiga cikin jikinsa sai dai in ya ba da wasu abubuwan a matsayin hadaya. Lokacin da Mbia Idiong ya gaya masa abin da abubuwan suke kuma ya miƙa su a matsayin sadaukarwa ga Uwar Duniya, Ibibio sun yi imanin cewa za a juya lamarin; in ba haka ba, zai kasance ba shi da ɗa.

Mulkin mallaka da zamanin mulkin mallaka

gyara sashe

An gabatar da Ibibio zuwa addinin Krista ta hanyar aikin mishaneri na farko a ƙarni na sha tara. Samuel Bill ya fara aikin sa a Ibeno. Ya kafa Cocin Qua Iboe wanda daga baya ya baje wurare a tsakiyar belin Najeriya. Daga baya, an gabatar da wasu majami'u misali Ikilisiyar Apostolic. Coci-coci masu zaman kansu irin su Deeper Life Bible Church, sun shigo yankin a kashi na biyu na karni na ashirin. A yau mutanen Ibibio galibi kiristoci ne.

Baibul cikin yaren Ibibio

gyara sashe

Tarihi an yi shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 2020 cewa an gabatar da fassarar Ibibio ta farko a cikin Ibom Hall a Uyo, babban birnin Akwa Ibom. Wanda ɗan shekara 200 ya wallafa, Bibleungiyar Baibul ta Duniya ta Duniya (Biblica) ta Amurka, masu bugun NIV.

 
Nwed Abasi ke Iko Ibibio Ayo Mfin - Ufa Edioomo

Malaman Ibibio sun fassara littafin Ibibio ɗin waɗanda suka haɗa da Farfesa Margaret Mary Okon, Bassey Okon, Eno-Abasi Urua, Inimbom Akpan, Udo Etuk, da Dr. Paulinus Noah, Dr. Effiong Ekpenyong da Rev. Fr. Dr. Donatus Udoette, masanin ilimin tauhidi wanda ya kware sosai a yaren Girka. [4]

Zane-zane

gyara sashe
 
Wani abin rufe fuska "mummuna" na al'ummomin Ekpo da gangan ta hanyar jaw.

Abubuwan rufe fuska da sanya kaya daga cikin al'ummomin Ekpo sune manyan ayyukan fasaha a cikin al'ummar Ibibio. Ibibio galibi suna wasa da gangan cikin masks don murƙushe fuska. [3] Wani sashi wanda yake fitowa sau da yawa a cikin maskin Ibibio shine ƙananan muƙamuƙin da aka bayyana. Mutanen Ibibio suna da babban taken nuna bambancin masks maza da mata ta amfani da launuka masu duhu da haske bi da bi. Wadannan masks ba koyaushe ake yin su tare ba, amma akwai cikakkiyar fahimtar dangantakar abokan adawar su. Amawali ko abin rufe fuska na mata an yi musu ado da launuka masu haske kamar fari. Siffofinsu suna da kyau don jaddada mata. A gefe guda kuma, masks na maza suna amfani da launuka masu duhu don wakiltar sojojin sufi na gandun daji. Waɗannan masks galibi suna da manyan sifofi kuma an halicce su da ganganci mara kyau. Sun cimma wannan ne ta hanyar jirkita fasali a cikin dabi'un da ba na ɗabi'a ba kamar idanunsu masu zubda ciki ko bakin da basu dace ba. Yawancin nakasawa da ke cikin maski sun fito ne daga cututtukan mutum da cututtuka. Thatawayan da ake nunawa sau da yawa shine gangosa - wani ɓangare na hauka . Alamun rashin kuba da sandunan tafiya suma suna bayyana sau da yawa don nuna alamun karma da tsufa. Kayan maza suna hada kayan halitta daga jeji kamar su raffia, da kuma kwaya irin ta kwalliya. Kayan mata suna amfani da abubuwa kamar su zane mai launi mai haske don wakiltar tsarin rayuwa a ƙauye.

Ekpo / Ekpe

gyara sashe

An yi amfani da abin rufe fuska na wannan ƙungiyar don tsoratar da tsoro da aiwatar da kulawar jama'a . Mafi yawan nau'ikan abin rufe fuska shine wanda aka yi shi don fuska tare da raffia mai tsayin daka a haɗe. Tasirin abin rufe fuska da ingancin tsoratarwa na daga cikin abin da ke ba su ƙarfinsu, ban da dogon tarihin Ekpo. Sanya abin rufe fuska na Ekpo shine mika wuya ga asalin duniya kuma mu dauki na magabata. Amawali da aka yi amfani da su na iya zama mallakar kakannin da suka mutu ne, waɗanda aka yi don su yi kama da kakanni, ko kuma waɗanda aka yi su don su yi kama da gwaraza na ƙauye. Da yawa ana sassaka su ne daga itace mara nauyi wanda ake kira ukot (itacen inabin dabino). Wannan yana basu saukin sawa da motsawa cikin. Don ƙarin tallafi, an kulle abin rufe fuskar ga mai ɗaukar ta da igiya, kuma ana iya saka wani katako mai kwance a cikin mask ɗin don cizon ciki. Baya ga raffia a kan maskin kansa, masu yin wasan suna kuma sanya siket ɗin raffia mai tsawon gwiwa. Paintedananan ƙafafu, hannaye, da hannaye an zana su da gawayi. Ana ƙara sabon raffia a cikin mask kowane kakar, kuma ana nuna shi a lokacin bazara a cikin iyali ko wurin bautar gumaka.

Ikot Ekpene

gyara sashe

Ibibio an san su da katako, raffia - saƙa, da yin tukwane. Ikot Ekpene gari ne a Nijeriya da aka san shi da kasuwannin sa inda ake siyar da sana'a ga touristsan yawon buɗe ido da andan Najeriya masu matsakaicin matsayi. Duk da yake ba a san Ibibio da aikin ƙarfe ba, akwai adadi mai yawa na masu sana'ar hannu da ke yin irin wannan fasaha don sayarwa.

 
Ekpo ta rufe fuskar jama'a tare da haɗa raffia fringe

Yawancin abubuwan ƙarfe da ake ƙerawa suna da manufa mai ma'ana maimakon ta ado. Duk da wannan, akwatinan Ibibio na da ado sosai. Suna nuna fasalin ƙarfe na ado na ado, zanen roba masu launi, da ɓangarorin gilashi a gefen.

Yawancin mutane da suke sassaƙa mashin Ekpo suna zaune a Ikot Ekpene.

Zanen Jiki

gyara sashe

Ana amfani da gyare-gyaren jiki na ɗan lokaci da na dindindin. Hyaukaka da yanayi duka manyan abubuwa ne waɗanda ake wasa da su a cikin ƙirar. Gyaran gashi, zanen jiki, da gyaran jiki sune babban abin da aka maida hankali wajan zane-zanen jikin da Ibibio keyi. Kiba da gangan ga 'yan mata wani bangare ne mai mahimmancin al'adu na Ibibio.

Zanen jiki

gyara sashe

A zane, maƙasudin shine a ƙarfafa maimakon rufe fuskar mai ɗaukar ko wasu sassan jiki. Alamar dot tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fahimtar kyakkyawa. Okon Umetuk a cikin kasidarsa mai taken "Zanen Jiki a Al'adun Ibibio", ya bayyana cewa

'Dot' ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin cikakkiyar alama don nunawa da taƙaita kyakkyawa a cikin al'adun Ibibio.

Ana samun shaidar wannan a ɗumbin ɗigo da suka bayyana a fuskoki da jikin mutanen da aka yi wa ado. Ana iya amfani da alamar 'X' a goshi, wuyan hannu, da ƙafafun kafa azaman hanya don yin alama tsakanin sulhu. Lokacin da mai sihiri ya sanya shi, yana iya alama alaƙar da kansa da alloli da kuma mutanensa. Membobin al'ada na iya sa shi don alamar alamar zaman lafiya, tawali'u, da karɓa.

Odung wani nau'in zane ne na jiki wanda ake amfani dashi don al'amuran kamar aure, haihuwa, shekarun haihuwa, da mutuwa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don nuna matsayin mutum a cikin al'ummar Ekpo. Wannan tsari ana amfani dashi tsakanin mata. Ana yin hakan sau da yawa bayan haihuwar yaro. Yatsun da aka bari daga baya na iya zama a kan fata na tsawon watanni uku. Masana galibi sune waɗanda suke zana wasu, kuma aikin na iya ɗaukar daga awanni biyar zuwa takwas kafin kammalawa.

Iduot wani nau'i ne na zanen jiki wanda yake nuna haihuwa. Ana ɗaukar launin daga garin itacen da aka niƙa sannan kuma a saka shi a ruwa wanda yake samar da wani abu ja. Dabino na mutane, ƙafafu, ƙafafu, da fuskoki an yi musu ado da launin launi. Ibibio yana amfani da shi sashi don tasirin gogewarta. Bayan ci gaba da amfani, yana samar da laushi mai laushi da haske.

Sigogin zamani na ado na jiki kamar s, abin sakawa a saman ido, jambaki, da eyeliner suna amfani da mutanen Ibibio na zamani. Waɗannan samfuran suna taimaka musu su bayyana kansu cikin dacewa, amma yanzu suna cikin sabon salon magana. Adon jiki yana da dogon tarihi ga Ibibio. Anyi amfani da abubuwa kamar su Atido don adon fatar ido tun kafin ƙirar ido ta zamani. Kamar sauran al'adun duniya, matan Ibibio suna sanya ido sosai idan ana maganar gyara.

Kiba wa 'yan mata da ake yi wa aure tsohuwar al'ada ce da ke mutuwa. Dalilin wannan shine a karawa matan da basu da aure kyau kuma a shirya mata rayuwar aure. Da zarar yarinya ta yi wannan al'ada, ana yi mata kallon Mbopo. Wannan kalmar tana nufin aikin yi wa yarinya kitso da kuma ita kanta yarinyar. Babban fasali na wannan shine koyarwar amare masu zuwa abubuwan ciki da waje na kula da yara, uwaye, yadda ake kiyaye gida, da kuma yadda ake tsammanin ta kasance. Yanayin kudi na iyayen yarinya shine ke tantance tsawon lokacin da zata zauna a gidan kiba. Wannan na iya kaiwa ko'ina daga watanni uku zuwa shekaru bakwai, amma mafi yawansu suna tsayawa kusan shekaru uku. Yayin zamansu, ana ciyar da 'yan matan sosai kuma ba a tsammanin su yi wani aiki. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yadda tarihi ya nuna, yin ƙiba alama ce ta wadata da ƙoshin lafiya ga Ibibio.

Hakanan uwaye masu shayarwa suna yin wata al'ada ta kitse wanda yawanci yakan faru ne ga ɗansu na fari. Miji da uwar miji duk ana sa ran za su biya kudin yin tsafin. Ibibio na ganin dabi'a ce uwa ta huta bayan haihuwarta, don haka uwa ba ta yin wani aiki mai wahala.

Salon gashi

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Salolin gashi wata hanya ce ta Ibibio don alamar wasu alamu. Salon gashi a cikin Ibibioland sun haɗa da cikakken zane tare da ba tare da amfani da zaren ba. Wasu salon alamu ne na labarai ko abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwar mai ɗaukar hoto. Idan matar aure tana da gashi mara kyau, wannan yana nuna cewa wani wanda take kusa da shi, yawanci mijinta, yaro, ko kuma wani dangi, ya mutu. Sauran salon na iya zama alamun shekaru, matsayin aure, ko matsayin zamantakewar su. Hakanan akwai salon gyara gashi ba tare da wata ma'ana wacce kawai ake sawa don dalilai na zamani ba.

Ƙabilun Ibibio

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Ibibio sun kasu kashi shida ƙungiyoyin gargajiya: Gabashin Ibibio, ko Ibibio Proper; Yammacin Ibibio, ko Annang; Arewacin Ibibio, ko Enyong; Kudancin Ibibio, ko Eket; Delta Ibibio, ko Andoni-Ibeno; da Riverine Ibibio, ko Efik.

Lambobin Ibibio

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Lambobi daga sifili zuwa goma:

A'a Turanci Ibibio
0 Sifili Ikpoikpo
1 Daya Keed
2 Biyu Iba
3 Uku Ita
4 Hudu Inañ
5 Biyar Yankuna
6 Shida Itiokeed
7 Bakwai Itiaba
8 Takwas Itiaita
9 Tara Usokeed
10 Goma Duop

Yawan jama'a

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  • Jihar Akwa Ibom ta Najeriya
  • Jihar Kuros Riba ta Najeriya
  • Yankin Benuwe na Nijeriya (mutanen Efik-Ibibio sun kasance mafi yawan ƙabilu na asalin asalin Benuwai na Nijeriya)

Ndi Ibibio

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Nnyin Ido Ibibio

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Mu mutanen Ibibio ne. "Ndi" kalma ce ta Efik da ke nufin "Ni ne". Yayinda "Ndo" Ibibio yake kamar "Nde" shine Annang, Efik da Ibibio suna amfani dashi mafi yawa.

Karin bayani

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  • Litinin Efiong Noah, Shari'ar Ibibio Union 1928-1937 . Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Zamani Ltd, Uyo.
  • Majalisar Sarakunan Gargajiya, Mbiabong Etim, wacce ke gabatar da jawabi ga dandalin ‘yan makarantar Mbiabong Etim kan asalinsu da kuma hijirar mutanen Mbiabong Etim na karamar Hukumar Ini, ta Jihar Akwa Ibom, 2009.
  • Ikpe, Emmanuel Dominic, "Ibibio Nation" 2018. Gwamnatin Tarayyar Jami'ar daliban Uyo.
  • Udo, Edet A. (1983) Wanene Ibibio? Afirka-Feb Publishers Limited. Onitsha, Najeriya. ISBN 9781750871

Hanyoyin haɗin waje

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Manazarta

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  1. Offiong, Daniel A. (1983). "Social Relations and Witch Beliefs among the Ibibio of Nigeria". Journal of Anthropological Research. 39 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1086/jar.39.1.3629817.
  2. Ebong, Inih (December 1995). "The Aesthetics of Ugliness in Ibibio Dramatic Arts". African Studies Review. 38 (3): 43–59. doi:10.2307/524792. JSTOR 524792.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Cole, Herbert M., and Dierk Dierking.
  4. "Kwafin ajiya". Archived from the original on 2022-01-26. Retrieved 2021-06-05.