Declaration (law)

Declaration (law)
legal concept (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	performative utterance (en) da assertion (en)

A cikin doka, sanarwa ita ce kafa hujja mai iko. Sanarwa suna ɗaukar nau'i daban-daban a cikin tsarin doka daban-daban.

Dokar Canon

  A cikin dokar canon na Cocin Katolika, bayyana rashin gaskiya, (wanda aka fi sani da sokewa kuma ba a saba da dokar rushewa ba) hukunci ne mai iko daga bangaren kotun majami'a da ke tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa an yi aure ba daidai ba ne. ko, ƙasa da yawa, wani hukunci bisa ga doka da ke tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa an ba da nada ba daidai ba. Ba ya warware ƙaƙƙarfan igiyar aure, amma shela ce ta gaskiya ta rugujewar haɗin gwiwa.

Doka ta gama gari

  A cikin dokar gama-gari, sanarwar yawanci tana nufin hukuncin kotu ko kuma bayar da kyautar kotun sasantawa wanda ke da alhakin yanke hukunci na haƙƙoƙin ko wasu alaƙar doka na ɓangarorin waɗanda ba su ba da izini ko aiwatar da aiwatarwa ba. Inda kotu ta ba da sanarwar, yawanci ana kiranta da hukuncin bayyanawa . Kadan fiye da yadda aka saba, inda mai sasantawa ke bayar da agaji, yawanci ana kiransa lambar yabo ta bayyanawa .

An fi ganin taimako na bayyanawa a cikin yanayi guda biyu:

1. aikace-aikace don ayyana halacci, a cikin iyali da shari'ar shari'a; kuma
2. a ƙarƙashin manufofin inshora, don tantance ko wata manufa ta ƙunshi haɗari .

Dokokin Tarayyar Turai

  Aikace-aikace don ba da agaji a wasu yankuna sun zama mafi yaduwa, musamman a Turai. Babban abin da ya shafi wannan ci gaban shi ne yarjejeniyar Brussels da Lugano kan hukunce-hukuncen jama'a da kuma hukunce-hukuncen da suka shafi membobin Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Turai (EEA). A wasu yanayi, ana ba da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar zuwa kotunan da aka fara gano al'amarin. Hakan ya sa wadanda ake kara suka taru suna daukar matakin riga-kafi ta hanyar neman "bayyana rashin alhaki" a gasar tseren zuwa kotun don tabbatar da cewa sun zabi kotun da aka fara kama maimakon jiran mai da'awar ya yi hakan.

Dokokin bayyanawa

Dokar majalisa ko wata doka ta bayyana idan tana nufin bayyana halin da ake ciki a hukumance. Sabanin haka, yawancin ƙa'idoji doka ce mai kyau, waɗanda ke nufin yin odar yanayin al'amura na gaba. A cikin sharuɗɗan harshe, ƙayyadaddun dokoki na nuni ne yayin da ingantaccen doka ke aiki . Ayyuka biyu na Majalisar Biritaniya da ke tabbatar da haƙƙinta na yin doka don wasu hukunce-hukuncen ana kiransu da sunan "Dokar Sanarwa": ɗaya a cikin 1719 da ke da alaƙa da Masarautar Ireland, da kuma wani a cikin 1766 dangane da Mallaka goma sha uku . " Labarun Bayyanawa " na Cocin Scotland su ma suna nufin ayyana matsayin da ya riga ya wanzu.

Sauran amfanin doka

Ana amfani da sanarwa (wani lokaci ana fassara shi azaman fi'ili) a wasu hanyoyi a wasu tsarin doka.

• A wasu tsarin shari'a, sanarwa yana kama da takardar shaida .
• Dangane da kamfanoni, bayyanawa shine mataki na farko dangane da rarrabawa da kuma biyan kuɗin da aka samu .
• A cikin dokar amana, mazaunin da ya bayyana cewa yana riƙe da wasu kadarorin a kan amana an ce ya ba da sanarwar amincewa .
• Sanarwa na mutuwa keɓantawa ga ƙa'idar ƙin ji a yawancin tsarin shari'a.
• Sanarwa kan sha'awar sha'awa kuma keɓantacce ne ga ƙa'idar hana ji a yawancin tsarin shari'a.
• Ana buƙatar sanarwa ta yau da kullun don aiwatar da haƙƙin tsaro na masu lamuni a wasu tsarin doka.
• Bayanin tafsiri wata sanarwa ce ta hukuma da wata ƙasa ta yi bayan tabbatar da yarjejeniyar da ke fayyace fassarar da jihar ta yi game da yarjejeniyar.