Kofa:Biography
Ga wani tarihin rayuwa ko kuma bio, yana nufin cikakken bayanin rayuwar mutum. Yana dauke da fiye da cikakkun bayanai na yau da kullum irin su ilimi, aiki, dangantaka, da mutuwa; yana bayyana yadda mutum ya fuskanci wadannan al'amuran rayuwa. Ba kamar bayanin mutum ko curriculum vitae (résumé) ba, tarihin rayuwa yana bayyana labarin rayuwar mutum, yana haskaka sassa daban-daban na rayuwar su, ciki har da cikakkun bayanai game da kwarewa, kuma yana iya kunshe da nazarin halayen mutum.[1]
Yawanci rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa labari ne na gaskiya, amma ana iya amfani da labari na kirkira wajen bayyana rayuwar mutum. Wata babbar hanyar rubuce-rubuce mai zurfi ana kiranta da rubuce-rubucen gadon tarihi. Ayyuka a cikin daban-daban kafofin watsa labarai, daga adabi zuwa fina-finai, su ne suka kirkiro wani fanni da ake kira tarihin rayuwa.[2]
Tarihin rayuwa na izini ana rubuta shi ne tare da izini, hadin kai, da kuma wani lokaci tare da shiga tsakani na mutum da ake rubutawa ko kuma magadansa. Wani tarihin rayuwa na kashin kai ana rubuta shi ne da kansa, wani lokaci tare da taimakon wani abokin aiki ko marubucin fatalwa.[3][4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da farko, rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa ana daukar su ne kawai a matsayin wani rukunin tarihi mai maida hankali kan wani mutum mai muhimmanci a tarihin. Fannin tarihin rayuwa a matsayin wanda ya bambanta da rubutun tarihin gaba daya, ya fara bayyana a karni na 18 kuma ya kai matsayin sa na yanzu a karshen karni na 20.[5][6]
Tarihin rayuwa na tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Einhard.jpg/220px-Einhard.jpg)
Tarihin rayuwa shi ne fannin adabi na farko a tarihi. A cewar masanin ilimin Masar Miriam Lichtheim, rubutu ya fara daukar matakai na zuwa adabi ne a cikin yanayin rubutun kabari na sirri. Wadannan rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa na tunawa suna ba da labarin ayyukan manyan jami'an masarautar da suka mutu.[7] Rubutun tarihin rayuwa mafi dadewa yana daga karni na 26 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.
A karni na 21 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, an rubuta wani sanannen tarihin rayuwa a Mesopotamia game da Gilgamesh. Daya daga cikin biyar da aka fassara na iya zama na tarihi.
Daga yankin da wannan al'umma ta fito, wasu karniyoyi daga baya, bisa ga wani sanannen tarihin rayuwa, Annabi Ibrahim ya tashi. Shi da zuriyar sa guda 3 sun zama batutuwa na tarihin rayuwa na Yahudawa na d aular na tarihi ko kirkirarrun.[8]
Daya daga cikin marubutan tarihin rayuwa na farko a Roma shine Cornelius Nepos, wanda ya buga aikin sa Excellentium Imperatorum Vitae ("Rayukan manyan jagorori") a 44 K.H. Rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa masu tsawo da kuma cikakke an rubuta su a cikin yaren Helenanci ta hanyar Plutarch, a cikin Parallel Lives, wanda aka wallafa a kusan shekara ta 80 B.H. A cikin wannan aiki sanannun mutanen Helenanci an hade su da sanannun mutanen Romawa, misali, masu jawabi Demosthenes da Cicero, ko kuma janarori Aleksandar Babban da Julius Caesar; kusan tarihin rayuwa hamsin daga aikin ya tsira. Wani sanannen tarin tarihin rayuwa na tsohon zamani shine De vita Caesarum ("A kan Rayukan Caesars") ta Suetonius, wanda aka rubuta kusan shekara ta 121 B.H. a zamanin Sarkin Roma Hadrian. A wannan lokaci a bangaren yammacin sarauta, Injila ta bayyana rayuwar Yesu.
A farkon Karniyoyi na Tsakiya (AD 400 zuwa 1450), hankalin al'ummar Turai ya ragu a kan al'adun farko na zamanin d. A cikin wannan lokaci, kawai cibiyoyin adana ilimi da tarihin farkon Turai sun kasance na Cocin Roman Katolika. Bautar tsirari, Ba'anasu, da kuma firistoci sun yi amfani da wannan lokaci na tarihi don rubuta tarihin rayuwa.[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20141111164251/http://libraries.umw.edu/blog/2012/04/19/james-boswells-life-of-johnson-the-first-modern-biography/
- ↑ http://iai.tv/video/the-art-of-life
- ↑ https://www.britannica.com/art/biography-narrative-genre
- ↑ https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1918)/Biography
- ↑ Kendall.
- ↑ https://namastehenry.in/
- ↑ Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Luterature, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006, vol I, p 3.
- ↑ https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-2950
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/biographyverysho0000leeh