Yaren Proto-Slavic
Proto-Slavic (wanda aka gajarta PSl., PS.; wanda kuma ake kira Common Slavic ko Common Slavonic ) shine wanda ba a tantance shi ba, wanda aka sake gina shi na duk harsunan Slavic . Yana wakiltar maganganun Slavic kusan daga karni na biyu BC zuwa karni na 6 AD . Kamar yadda yake a yawancin sauran harsunan ƙa’ida, ba a sami tabbataccen rubuce-rubuce ba; malamai sun sake gina harshen ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyar kwatankwacinta ga duk harsunan Slavic da aka tabbatar da kuma yin la'akari da wasu harsunan Indo-Turai .
Saurin haɓaka maganganun Slavic ya faru a lokacin Proto-Slavic lokacin, wanda ya yi daidai da babban fadada yankin masu magana da Slavic. Bambance-bambancen yare ya faru tun da wuri a wannan lokacin, amma gaba ɗaya haɗin kai na harshe da fahimtar juna ya ci gaba har tsawon ƙarni da yawa, zuwa karni na 10 ko kuma daga baya. A wannan lokacin, yawancin sautunan sauti sun bazu ko'ina cikin yankin, galibi iri ɗaya. Wannan ya sa bai dace a kula da ma'anar gargajiya ta proto-harshen a matsayin sabon magabatan gama gari na ƙungiyar harshe, ba tare da bambancin yare ba. (Wannan zai buƙaci magance duk canje-canje na pan-Slavic bayan karni na 6 ko makamancin haka a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarihin daban-daban na harsunan 'ya'ya mata.) Maimakon haka, Slavicists yawanci suna kula da dukan lokacin haɗin kai na harshe daban-daban kamar Slavic Common .
Mutum na iya raba lokacin Proto-Slavic / Common Slavic na haɗin harshe kusan zuwa lokuta uku:
- farkon lokaci tare da ɗan ko babu bambancin yare
- tsaka-tsakin lokaci na ɗan ƙaramin yare zuwa matsakaici
- marigayi lokaci na gagarumin bambancin
Hukumomi sun bambanta game da waɗanne lokuta ya kamata a haɗa su cikin Proto-Slavic da cikin Slavic gama gari. Harshen da aka kwatanta a cikin wannan labarin gabaɗaya yana nuna tsakiyar lokacin, yawanci ana kiransa Late Proto-Slavic (wani lokaci Slavic gama gari [1] ) kuma galibi ana kwanan wata kusan ƙarni na 7 zuwa 8. Wannan yaren ya kasance ba a tantance shi ba, amma bambance-bambancen ƙarshen zamani, wanda ke wakiltar yaren ƙarshen ƙarni na 9 da ake magana da shi a kusa da Thessaloniki ( Solun ) a Makidoniya, an tabbatar da shi a cikin tsoffin rubutun Slavonic na Coci .
Gabatarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Proto-Slavic ya fito ne daga reshen Proto-Balto-Slavic na dangin harshen Proto-Indo-Turai, wanda shine kakan harsunan Baltic, misali Lithuanian da Latvia . Proto-Slavic a hankali ya samo asali zuwa yarukan Slavic daban-daban a cikin ƙarshen rabin karni na farko AD, tare da haɓakar fashewar yankin masu magana da Slavic. Babu wani ijma'i na masana game da ko dai adadin matakan da ke tattare da haɓaka harshe ( lokacin sa) ko kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su don siffanta su.