Asusu igbo
Page Templeeti:Contains special characters/styles.css has no content.Bambara (Arabic script), nke a makwaara dị ka Bamana (N'Ko script) ma ọ bụ Bamanankan (X), bụ asụsụ na asụsụ mba nke Mali nke nwere ike ịbụ nde mmadụ iri na ise na-asụ, nke nde mmadụ ise na Bambara na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ iri iri na-asụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ. A na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka pasent 80 nke ndị Mali na-asụ Bambara dị ka asụsụ mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ. Ọ nwere usoro ahịrịokwu isiokwu na ụda okwu abụọ. Aha obodo bamanankan pụtara "asụsụ (kan) nke ndị ọgọ mmụọ (bámànán), ndị jụrụ Islam", [nnyocha na-emezughị] ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-asụ Dyula, ndị bụ ndị Alakụba.[1][2]
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Bamana bụ otu ndị otu dị iche iche nke a na-akpọ ndị a na-ejikọ ọnụ, nke ndị na-ekwu okwu ndị obodo ha na-achọpụta akụkọ ọdịnala na Mal Mal I Malyi. A na-atụle manditing na-atụle na-atụle (n'etiti ndị na-ekwu okwu ala) na-adabere na mkpughe ma ọ bụ nke na-ekwu okwu n'etiti ndị na-ekwu okwu - na 40 ruo 40 na mba .[3] Burkina Faso, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast na Gambia.[4] Manding bụ akụkụ nke nnukwu ezinụlọ Mandé nke asụsụ.
Ebe a na-ekesa ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-asụ Bambara na Mali niile dị ka asụsụ bu isi..A na-asụkarị asụsụ ahụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ndịda, na n'ebe ugwu nke Bamako, ebe ndị na-asụrụ ya na / ma ọ bụ ndị na-akọwa dị ka ndị otu agbụrụ Bambara kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.
Mpaghara mpaghara ndị a na-ahụkarị na mpaghara ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme Bambara nke Bambo Somara nke Bambou, ọkachasị Ségou, mgbe ọ gbadaa site na ndị otu na-eme njem. [5]
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ bụ isi bụ Standard Bamara, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu site na Maninkakan. [nkọwa dị mkpa] Bambara nwere ọtụtụ asụsụ obodo: Kaarta, Tambacounda (n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ); Beledugu, Bananba, Mesekele (n' ugwu); Jitumu, Jamaladugu, Segu (n'etiti); Cakadugu, Keleyadugu, Jalakadougu, Kurulamini, Banim, Bankarkar, Shɛndugu, Ganadugu (n'Ebe ndịda); Kala, Kurk, Kurkthoroast).[5]
Ide ihe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Kemgbe afọ 1967, a na-edekarị Bambara na edemede Latin, na-eji ụfọdụ mkpụrụedemede phonetic ndị ọzọ. Mkpụrụedemede bụ a, e, ɛ (nke bụbu è), i, o, ɔ (nke bụzi ò), u; enwere ike iji ụda olu mee ihe iji gosipụta ụda olu. A na-ede digraph ny mbụ ugbu a ɲ mgbe ọ na-akọwapụta palatal nasal glide; a na-edebe mkpụrụ okwu ny maka njikọta nke ụdaume imi na ọnụ palatal glide na-esote. N'ịgbaso mgbakọ mkpụrụedemede Bamako nke afọ 1966, a na-ede "ŋ" dị ka "ŋ", ọ bụ ezie na n'akwụkwọ ndị mbụ a na-edekarị ya dị ka ng ma ọ bụ nk.
Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ N'Ko bụ edemede nke Solomana Kante chepụtara na 1949 dị ka usoro ederede maka asụsụ Manding nke West Africa; M na-ekwu 'M na-ekwu' n'asụsụ Manding niile. Kante mepụtara Nīko na nzaghachi maka ihe o chere na ọ bụ nkwenye na ndị Afrịka bụ "ndị na-enweghị ọdịbendị" ebe ọ bụ na tupu oge a, enweghị usoro edemede ụmụ amaala Afrịka maka asụsụ ya. N'ko bu ụzọ nweta ndị ọrụ siri ike gburugburu ebe a na-asụ asụsụ Maninka nke obodo Kante nke Kankan, Guinea ma gbasaa site n'ebe ahụ gaa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ Manding nke West Africa. N'ko na edemede Arabic ka na-eji maka Bambara, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị orthography Latin ka a na-amata na Mali.
Tụkwasị na nke a, Woyo Couloubayi (c.1910-1982) nke Assatiémala mepụtara edemede a maara dị ka Masaba ma ọ bụ Ma-sa-ba maka asụsụ ahụ malite na 1930.[6] A na-akpọ ya maka ihe odide mbụ na usoro nchịkọta nke Couloubayi họọrọ, Masaba bụ syllabary nke na-eji diacritics egosi àgwà ụdaume dị ka ụdaume, ogologo, na nasalization. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị njikọ doro anya na usoro edemede ndị ọzọ, Masaba yiri ka ọ na-adabere na ihe oyiyi ọdịnala Bambara ma na-ekerịta ụfọdụ myirịta na Vai syllabary nke Liberia na mkpụrụedemede nzuzo nke Arabic nke a na-eji na Hodh (nke bụzi Hodh El Gharbi na Hodh Ech Chargui Regions nke Mauritania). Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1978, a na-ejikarị Masaba eme ihe n'ọtụtụ obodo dị na Nioro Cercle maka ndekọ ego, akwụkwọ ozi onwe onye, na ndekọ nke ekpere ndị Alakụba; a maghị ọnọdụ na mgbasa nke edemede ahụ ugbu a.[7][8]
Asụsụ Latịn
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ na-eji ụdaume asaa a, e, ɛ, i, o, ɔ na u, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ike ịpụta n'imi, pharyngealized ma na-atụ ụja, na-enye ngụkọta nke ụdaume 21 (mkpụrụedemede na-eru nso ha IPA). [citation needed] Ide ederede Latin malitere n'oge French colonization, a na-ewebata orthography mbụ na 1967. Ịgụ na ide dị oke, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo. Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ edemede na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe (n'ihi oke French dị ka "asụsụ nke ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ"), enwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ a na-ekwu n'ọnụ, nke na-abụkarị akụkọ banyere ndị eze na ndị dike. Akwụkwọ a a na-ekwu okwu ọnụ bụ ndị griots (Jeliw na Bambara) bụ ndị ngwakọta nke ndị na-akọ akụkọ, ndị na-agụ egwu otuto, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ bụ ndị mụrụ ọrụ nke ịbụ abụ na ịgụghachi ọtụtụ afọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ha dị nnọọ ochie ma a na-ekwu na ọ malitere na alaeze ochie nke Mali.
Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- A na-akpọ ya
- B B B B
- C a na-akpọ [t͡ʃ]
- N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị otú a
- N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ
- Ọ bụ n'afọ iri na ụma
- N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ ya
- Shia na-akpọ
- Sụ a na-akpọ
- N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya
- __ibo__ N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya
- Sọnk
- Sụ A na-akpọ
- N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ "Chun"
- N'ihi ya, ọ na-agụ
- Йыara n'Anya
- N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị n'anya
- O si otú ahụ
- Ọ bụ otú ahụ ka a na-akọwa ya
- N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị otú a
- R R R R
- Ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ ya
- A na-akpọ ya
- A na-akpọ ya
- N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya
- Ya na ya na ya
- Z Z Z Z
Akwụkwọ ozi ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Kh (nke a na-eji maka okwu ndị e si n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ si n'Afrịka nweta)
- -n Akara ụdaume
- Shia (ụdị mpaghara nke s)[9]
N'ko orthography
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- A na-akpọ ya
- A na-akpọ ya
- Sị na-esote
- A na-akpọ ya
- A na-akpọ ya
- Shia o [o]
- A na-akpọ ya
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Skọ na-ekwu maka ya
- Akụkụ nke a na-akpọ
- A na-akpọ ya
- A na-akpọ ya
- Akụkụ nke a [t͡ʃ]
- A na-akpọ ya
- A na-akpọ ya
- Shia
- A na-akpọ ya [g/ʀ/ɣ]
- Akụkụ nke a na-akpọ [ɡ͡b]
- Nke a bụ [f]
- Akụkụ nke a
- A na-akpọ ya
- Nkọwa nke a
- Akụkụ nke a na-akpọ "Anya"
- Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'afọ iri na ụma ka a na-akpọ
- Nkọwa na-egosi na
- A na-akpọ ya
- N'ihi ya, ọ na-agụ ya
- Shia Shia SHA
- Akara ụdaume
Ụda ụda
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Ọnụ | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Ọkụ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | t͡ʃ 'c' | d͡ʒ ‹j› | k | ɡ | |
| Ihe na-esiri ike | f | s | z | (ʃ) | (ɣ) ‹kh› | h | |||
| Ihe atụ | w | l | j 'y' | ||||||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | r | ||||||||
Mkpụrụ okwu ọ bụla na-anọchite anya otu ụda ma e wezụga ụfọdụ:
- A na-akpọ "W" dị ka n'asụsụ Bekee (dịka ichere) ma e wezụga na njedebe nke okwu, mgbe ọ bụ akara dị n'ọtụtụ ma na-akpọ ya dị ka [u].
- A na-akpọkarị "S" dịka okwu Bekee "lee" mana a na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka "sh" [ʃ] dịka okwu "akpụkpọ ụkwụ" ma ọ bụ dị ka [z].
- A na-akpọkarị "G" dịka okwu Bekee "go" mana n'etiti okwu, enwere ike ịkpọ ya dịka okwu Spanish "abogado" ([ɣ]) na mgbe ụfọdụ na mmalite nke okwu dị ka [gw].[12]
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Nlaghachi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i iː ĩ | u uː ũ | |
| N'etiti etiti | e eː ẽ | oː õ | |
| Mepee n'etiti | ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ | ɔ ɔː ɔ̃ | |
| Emeghe | a aː ã |
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Bambara bụ asụsụ aglutinative, nke pụtara na a na-agbakọta morphemes ọnụ iji mepụta okwu.
Ọdịdị ahịrịokwu bụ isi isiokwu-ihe-okwu (SOV). Were ahịrịokwu, n t'a lon (Amaghị m [ya]). n bụ isiokwu (M), a bụ ihe (ya), na [ta] lon bụ ngwaa ([ịmara). T' sitere na akara ngosi oge ugbu a na-adịghị mma té, bé bụ akara ngosi oge dị ugbu a (n b'a don ga-apụta "Amaara m ya"). Dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ SOV, Bambara na-eji postpositions kama prepositions - ọrụ ha yiri prepositions Bekee mana etinye ya n'azụ aha.
Asụsụ ahụ nwere ụda abụọ (nke dị n'etiti / ọkọlọtọ na nke dị elu); dịka sa 'ọnwụ' vs. sá 'agwọ'. Ọdịdị arụmụka nke asụsụ ahụ nwere isiokwu, nke enyemaka aspectival sochiri, nke ihe na-esote, na n'ikpeazụ ngwaa na-agafe agafe.
Bambara anaghị agbanwe maka okike. Enwere ike ịkọwa okike maka aha site na ịgbakwunye adjective, - Turi ma ọ bụ -kɛ maka nwoke na -muso maka nwanyị. A na-emepụta ọnụọgụ site na itinye nsonaazụ ụdaolu -u, ọtụtụ mgbe na ụda dị ala (na orthography, -w) na aha ma ọ bụ adjectives.
Okwu mgbazinye
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ime obodo ukwu, a gbanwere ọtụtụ njikọ Bamanankan n'iji ya eme ihe kwa ụbọchị site na mgbazinye ego French nke na-emekarị akara mgbanwe koodu. Asụsụ Bamako na-eji ahịrịokwu dị ka: N tara Kita ma ọ dịghị onye nọ ebe ahụ. : Agara m Kita [Bamanankan ] mana ọ dịghị onye nọ ebe ahụ [French]. Okwu ahụ na Bamanankan naanị ga-abụ, ọ ga-abụ "Oru Kita nka mɔkɔ si tun tɛ yen". A na-ejikwa okwu French "est-ce que" mee ihe na Bamanankan ; Otú ọ dị, a na-akpọ ya nke nta nke nta ma dị ka nkeji atọ, [ɛsikə].
Bamanankan na-eji ọtụtụ okwu mgbazinye French. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịsị: I ka kurusi ye jaun ye: "Kpu gị bụ odo" (iji okwu French maka odo, odo).)
Otú ọ dị, mmadụ nwekwara ike ịsị: I ka kulosi ye nɛrɛmukuman ye, nke pụtakwara "uwe gị bụ odo". Okwu Bamanankan mbụ maka odo sitere na "nɛrɛmuku," bụ ntụ ọka (muku) nke e ji néré (mịkụ ụgbụ mee), mkpụrụ sitere na ogologo mkpụrụ osisi. A na-ejikarị Nɛrɛmuku eme ofe na Southern Mali.
A na-ejikọta ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazinyere na French na ụda 'i'; nke a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị mgbe ị na-eji okwu French nke nwere ihe a na'ụzọ ọdịnala na-adịghị ahụ na Mali. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, okwu Bamanankan maka snow bụ niegei, dabere na okwu French maka snow. Ebe ọ bụ na snow enwetụbeghị na Mali, ọ nweghị okwu pụrụ iche na Bamanankan iji kọwaa ya.
Ihe Nlereanya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Templeeti:InterlinearTempleeti:InterlinearTempleeti:Interlinear
Egwú
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị na-ese ihe na Mali dị ka Oumou Sangaré, Sidiki Diabaté, Fatoumata Diawara, Rokia Traoré, Ali Farka Touré, Habib Koité na di na nwunye Amadou & Mariam na-abụkarị abụ na Bambara. Okwu na Bambara na-apụta na Stevie Wonder's Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants".
Tụkwasị na nke a, n'afọ 2010, otu egwu rock Spanish Dover wepụtara abọm studio nke asaa ya I Ka Kené na ọtụtụ okwu n'asụsụ ahụ. Onye America na-eti egwu Nas weputara egwu akpọrọ "Sabali" na 2010, nke gosipụtara Damian Marley. Sabali bụ okwu Bambara nke pụtara ndidi.
Ọnọdụ iwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]8Bambara bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ nke Mali họpụtara dị ka asụsụ mba.[13]
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Donaldson (2019-03-01). "Linguistic and Civic Refinement in the N'ko Movement of Manding-Speaking West Africa". Signs and Society 7 (2). DOI:10.1086/702554. ISSN 2326-4489.
- ↑ Vydrin (1999). Manding-English Dictionary : (Maninka, Bamana), 69. ISBN 9780993996931. OCLC 905517929.
- ↑ Note on current use of Manding and Mande ethnonyms and linguonyms. Archived from the original on 2012-04-08. Retrieved on 2012-04-20.
- ↑ Mandé Language Family: Manding. www.sil.org. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved on 1 January 2018.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Mandé Language Family: Maps of Manding-East, North-Eastern Manding, Bamana, Urban koine. www.sil.org. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved on 1 January 2018.
- ↑ Brock-Utne (2009). Language and Power. The Implications of Language for Peace and Development: The Implications of Language for Peace and Development. Oxford: African Books Collective. ISBN 9789987081462.
- ↑ Galtier (1987). "Un exemple d'écriture traditionnelle mandingue : le «masaba» des Bambara-Masasi du Mali". Journal des Africanistes 57 (1–2): 255–266. DOI:10.3406/jafr.1987.2174. Retrieved on 18 March 2020.
- ↑ Kelly (2018). "Chapter 9: The Invention, Transmission, and Evolution of Writing: Insights from the New Scripts of West Africa", in Ferrara: STUDI MICENEI ED EGEO-ANATOLICI NUOVA SERIE SUPPLEMENTO 1 Paths into Script Formation in the Ancient Mediterranean. Rome: CNR – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 189-209. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/253vc. ISBN 978-88-7140-898-9.
- ↑ Bambara alphabet, pronunciation, and language. Omniglot. Retrieved on 29 June 2021.
- ↑ Bambara alphabet, pronunciation, and language. Omniglot. Retrieved on 27 June 2021.
- ↑ Bambara Alphabet and Pronunciation (N'ko and Latin). An ka taa. Retrieved on 28 June 2021.
- ↑ Bailleul. Cours pratique de bambara, 3.
- ↑ Skattum (2010). "L'introduction des langues nationales dans le système éducatif au Mali: objectifs et conséquences" (in fr). Journal of Language Contact 3 (1): 248. DOI:10.1163/19552629-90000013. Retrieved on February 17, 2017.
Ebe e si nweta ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nkọwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Maliyiri.com bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke na-enye nsụgharị Bekee-Bambara-French ma bụrụ ọrụ obodo ebe ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịgbakwunye okwu ọhụrụ, nkọwa, nye nzaghachi ma soro ibe ha.
- Corpus Bambara de Référence - Etiquetage online na nbudata Bambara-French Dictionary (ihe dị ka 11,500 ntinye na ngwụcha afọ 2014), na ndepụta French-Bambara, jikọtara ya na Corpus B Barbara de Référence
- Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Bambara-English nke ka taa nke na-ahụ maka ekwentị nke gụnyere French na Jula.
- Ntinye Bambara (>2300) na French Wiktionary
- Bambara-French-English dictionary online na nbudata lexicons maka ndị na-amụ asụsụ
- Aha osisi Bambara (aha sayensị -> aha a na-ahụkarị)
Ihe mmụta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Online Bambara Course si na Mahadum Indiana
- AN INTRODUCTION TO BAMBARA. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. (168 KB) on peacecorps.gov
Ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Corpus Bambara de Référence Corpus Bamba de Référence, a electronic corpus of Bambara texts (ihe dị ka 2,000,000 okwu na njedebe 2014)
- Ngwa gam akporo nke Maliyiri.com, nke nwere ọtụtụ puku ndị ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, na-enye nsụgharị Bekee-Bambara-French na ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịhọrọ inweta ọkwa okwu kwa ụbọchị / kwa izu maka mmụta na-aga n'ihu.
- Bambara Electronic Library, AMALAN ̊ LLACAN
- An ka taa: ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nwere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ihe onwunwe na mgbasa ozi maka ịmụ Bambara na Manding n'ozuzu.
- Bambara na French Wikibooks nwere ihe ndị ọzọ
- Akwụkwọ akụkọ Mandenkan
- PanAfriL10n peeji na Manding (gụnyere ozi gbasara Bambara)
- Maneno na Bambara (ikpo okwu ịde blọgụ nwere interface Bambara zuru ezu)
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