Ivan Illich
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Austria, Njikota Obodo Amerika, Jémanị |
| aha enyere | Ivan, Dominic |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Illich |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 4 Septemba 1926 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Vienna |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 2 Disemba 2002 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Bremen |
| Ụdị ọnwụ | eke na-akpata |
| ihe kpatara ọnwụ | brain cancer |
| ụdị ọrụ ya | ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ekoloji, industrial society, pedagogue |
| onye were ọrụ | Pennsylvania State University, Order of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | University of Florence, Pontifical Gregorian University, University of Salzburg |
| ogo mmụta | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Ebe ọrụ | Cuernavaca |
| okpukpere chi/echiche ụwa | Catholicism |
| Ọrụ ama ama | Deschooling Society, Tools for Conviviality |
| Ije | degrowth, gburugburu ebe obibi |
| echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị | anarchist |
| onye nlereranya | Emmanuel Levinas, Traditionalist School, René Guénon, Frithjof Schuon, Paulo Freire |
| Ihe nrite | Kultur- und Friedenspreis der Villa Ichon |
| webụsaịtị | https://www.ivanillich.org.mx |
Ivan Dominic Illich (/ɪˌvɑːn ˈɪlɪtʃ/ iv-AHN IL-itch, [ˈiːvan ˈɪlɪtʃ]; 4 Septemba 1926 - 2 Disemba 2002) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Roman Katọlik nke Austria, ọkà mmụta okpukpe, ọkà ihe ọmụma, na onye nkatọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. [1]Akwụkwọ ya nke 1971 bụ Deschooling Society na-akatọ usoro agụmakwụkwọ nke oge a, usoro nke na-egbochi mmụta na ọnọdụ dị mkpirikpi n'oge dị mkpirisi nke ndụ mmadụ. Akwụkwọ ya nke 1975 bụ Medical Nemesis, nke na-ebubata na nkà mmụta mmekọrịta Njem Ọgwụ echiche nke mmerụ ahụ, na-ekwu na ọha mmadụ mepere emepe na-emebi ndụ site na ịgwọ ndụ, na-eme ka ọnọdụ dị mma, na-emepụta ịdabere na ụgha, ma na-egbochi ihe ngwọta ndị ọzọ dị mma. [2]Illich kpọrọ onwe ya "onye njem ala nsọ na-agagharị agagharị".[3]
Akụkọ ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Oge ọ malitere
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Ivan Dominic Illich na 4 Septemba 1926 na Vienna, Austria, nwa Gian Pietro Ilic (Ivan Peter Illich) na Ellen Rose "Maexie" née Regenstreif-Ortlieb. [4]Nna ya bụ onye injinia obodo na onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ sitere n'ezinụlọ Katọlik Nkewa Dalmatia, nwere ihe onwunwe n'obodo Split na mmanya na mmanụ oliv n'àgwàetiti Brač. Nne ya si n'ezinụlọ Ndị Juu nke si Germany na Austria-Hungary (Czernowitz, Bukowina) ghọrọ Ndị Kraịst. [5]E mere Ellen Illich baptizim dị ka onye Lutheran mana ọ ghọrọ onye Katọlik mgbe ọ lụrụ di. [6][7]Nna ya, Friedrich "Fritz" Regenstreif, bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nke nwetara ego ya na ahịa osisi na Bosnia, mesịa biri na Vienna, ebe o wuru ụlọ ọrụ art nouveau.
Ellen Illich gara Vienna ka ndị dọkịta kachasị mma na-eleta ya mgbe a mụrụ ya. Nna Ivan anọghị na Central Europe n'oge ahụ. Mgbe Ivan dị ọnwa atọ, a kpọgara ya na onye nọọsụ ya na Split, Dalmatia (nke bụ akụkụ nke Alaeze Yugoslavia n'oge ahụ), ka egosiputa nna nna ya. E mere ya baptizim n'ebe ahụ na 1 Disemba 1926. N'afọ 1929, a mụrụ ụmụ ejima, Alexander na Michael, n'ezinụlọ ahụ.
Ọrụ na Europe na Amerịka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 1942, Ellen Illich na ụmụ ya atọ - Ivan, Alexander, na Michael - hapụrụ Vienna, Austria gaa Florence, Ịtali, na-agbanahụ mkpagbu ndị Nazi na-akpagbu ndị Juu. Illich gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Florence, wee gaa n'ihu na-amụ histology na crystallography na Mahadum Florence. [8]N'inwe olile anya ịlaghachi Austria mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, ọ debanyere aha na doctorate na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge ochie na Mahadum Salzburg na olile anya inweta ebe obibi iwu n'ihi na ọ nweghị akwụkwọ. [9][8]O dere edemede na-elekwasị anya na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Arnold J. Toynbee, isiokwu ọ ga-alaghachi n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya. Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na doctorate ya, ọ laghachiri Ịtali ebe ọ gụrụ nkà mmụta okpukpe na nkà ihe ọmụma na Pontifical Gregorian University na Rom, ebe ọ chọrọ ịghọ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik na Rom n'afọ 1951 ma mee Mas mbụ ya na catacombs ebe Ndị Kraịst Rom mbụ zoro n'aka ndị na-akpagbu ha.[5]
Dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ahụrụ m na ọ mebiri ọdịnala America nke nke nkewa nke Chọọchị na Steeti. Dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, e buru m amụma na enweghị ike zuru ezu n'usoro ndị Katọlik iji mepụta ikpo okwu bara uru na ọdịda nke pati McManus ga-abụ ọdachi na ùgwù na-adịghị ike nke Chọọchị Puerto Rican. Dị ka onye ọkà mmụta okpukpe, ekwenyere m na Chọọchị ga-akatọ ikpe na-ezighị ezi mgbe niile n'ìhè nke Oziọma, mana ọ nweghị ikike ikwu okwu maka otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[10]
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Anheier (2009). International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. Springer, 848. ISBN 9780387939964.
- ↑ "iatrogenesis", A Dictionary of Sociology, Encyclopedia.com. updated 31 May 2020.
- ↑ Illich (2002). in Hoinacki: The Cultivation of Conspiracy. New York: SUNY Press, 234. ISBN 9780791454213.
- ↑ Ivan Domenic Illich. Geni.com (May 24, 2018). Retrieved on May 25, 2020.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cayley (2005). The Rivers North of the Future. Toronto, Canada: House of Anansi Press, 47, 110. ISBN 9780887848933. “...he who knocks at the door, asking for hospitality, will be treated by me as Christ, not as if he were, but as Christ...” Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Rey (2014). Une question de taille. Editions Stock.
- ↑ Rowek (2018). The Political Necessity of Transpersonal Work: Deep Democracy's Potential to Transform Polarized Conflicts. Springer, 34. ISBN 9783658221133.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hartch (2015). The prophet of Cuernavaca: Ivan Illich and the crisis of the west. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190204563.
- ↑ Paquot (January 2003). "The Non-Conformist". Le Monde diplomatique.
- ↑ Gray (1970). Divine Disobedience: Profiles in Catholic Radicalism. New York: Knopf.
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Hansom (2001). Twentieth-century European cultural theorists. Detroit, Mich.: Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-7876-4659-2.
- Illich (1973). Tools for Conviviality. New York, Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-080308-7.
- Illich (1974). Medical Nemesis. London: Calder & Boyars, 918–21. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90361-4. ISBN 978-0-7145-1096-5. OCLC 224760852.
- Postman (1992). Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology. New York: Knopf. OCLC 24694343.