Omar al-Mukhtar

mmádu
ụdịekere	nwoke
mba o sị	Libya
aha n'asụsụ obodo	عمر المختار
aha enyere	Omar
aha ọma	sheikh
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya	20 Ọgọọst 1858
Ebe ọmụmụ	Cyrenaica
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya	16 Septemba 1931
Ebe ọ nwụrụ	Libya
Ụdị ọnwụ	Ịgbụ mmadụ
ihe kpatara ọnwụ	hanging
Ebe olili	Suluq, Q31069643
nwa	Mohammed Omar Mukhtar
ọrụ ọ na-arụ	resistance fighter, partisan
okpukpere chi/echiche ụwa	Alakụba Sunni

Omar al-Mukhṭār Muḥammad bin Farḥāṭ al-Manifī (Àtụ:Lang-ar; 20 August 1858 – 16 September 1931),akpọrọ The Lion of the Desert, nke a maara n'etiti ndị Ịtali na-achị colonial dị ka Matari nke Mnifa, [1] bụ Imam na onye ndu nke nguzogide obodo na Cyrenaica (nke dị ugbu a Eastern Libya) n'okpuru. ndị Senussids, megide ọchịchị Ịtali nke Libya. Onye nkuzi ghọrọ onye isi, Omar bụ onye ama ama nke mmegharị Senussi na a na-ewere ya dị ka onye dike mba Libya na akara nguzogide na ụwa Arab na islam. Malite na 1911, ọ haziri ma duru ndị na-emegide ndị Libya megide alaeze ukwu Ịtali n'oge iche. Ndị France na-achị Chad na ndị Briten na-achị Ijipt. Mgbe ọtụtụ mmeri, ndị agha Ịtali jisiri ike weghara Al-Mukhtar dị nso na Slonta mgbe e bulu ya n'agha b. agha Libyan colonial, ma kwụgbuo ya na 1931 mgbe ọ akwụkwọ ndị ahapụ ya.

Oge ọ malitere

^[1] mụrụ Omar Al-Mukhtar na 1858 n'ezinụlọ dị n'obodo Zanzur dị nso na Tobruk, na mpaghara Ottoman Cyrenaica na agbụrụ Arab mnifi, nke Senussi (ndị a hụrụ dị ka agbụrụ Ashrafs nke Libya dịka Emir ma ọ bụ Eze Idris bụ Senussi), ^[2] tupu ọ ghọọ onyeisi ma ọ bụ onye ndú nke agbụrụ ahụ. Dị ka nwatakịrị, Omar tụfuru nna ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata ma nọrọ n'oge ntorobịa ya na ịda ogbenye. Sheikh kuchiri ya, ya na nwa nwanne Hussein Ghariani, Sharif al Geriani bụ enyi. Nwanne nna ^[3] bụ onye ndú ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Cyrenaica, ma nweta agụmakwụkwọ ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata na ụlọ alakụba dị n'ógbè ahụ, tupu ọ gaa n'ihu na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ruo afọ asatọ na Mahadum Senussi dị na Jaghbub, [1] obodo nsọ nke Senussi Tariqa. Ọ ghọrọ onye ọkachamara a ma ama na kor'an na Imam, na-esonyere ndị Senussi. Ọ bịakwara mara nke ọma banyere usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke ọha mmadụ ya, ebe a họọrọ ya idozi esemokwu agbụrụ.

Mukhtar zụlitere mmekọrịta siri ike na Senussid Movement n'oge ọ nọ na Jaghbub na 1895, Al-Mahdi Senoussi sooro ya gaa n'ebe ndịda Kufra, na oge ọzọ n'ebe ugwu Karo na Chad, ebe a họpụtara ya dị ka Sheikh nke Zawiyat Ayn Kalk. Mgbe Alaeze Ukwu France wakporo Chad na 1899, e zigara ya n'etiti ndị Senussite ndị ọzọ iji nyere aka chebe Chad n'aka ndị France, ebe ndị Senussi lere mgbasawanye ha anya dị ize ndụ n'ihi ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ ha na Central na West Africa. N'afọ 1902, a kpọghachiri Omar n'ebe ugwu mgbe ọnwụ Al-Mahdi gasịrị, onye ndu Senussi ọhụrụ Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi họpụtara ya dị ka Sheikh nke Zawiyat Laqsur nwere nsogbu na Northern Cyrenaica.

Mwakpo ndị Ịtali

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 1911, n'oge Agha Italo-Turkish, Regia Marina (Royal Navy nke Ịtali) n'okpuru iwu nke Admiral Luigi Faravelli rutere n'ikperé mmiri nke Libya, mgbe ahụ bụ mpaghara dị n'okpuru Nchịkwa Ottoman. Admiral ahụ chọrọ ka gọọmentị Ottoman na ndị agha nyefee ala ha n'aka ndị Ịtali ma ọ bụ mebie obodo Tripoli na Benghazi ozugbo. Ndị Ottoman ^[4] ndị enyi ha nke Libya laghachiri n'ime ime obodo kama inyefe onwe ha, ndị Ịtali gbakwara obodo ndị ahụ bọmbụ ruo ụbọchị atọ, wee kwupụta na ndị Tripolitanians 'na-etinye aka ma na-ejikọta ya na Ịtali'. Nke ^[5] bụ mmalite nke usoro agha n'etiti ndị agha Itali na ndị agha Libya na Cyrenaica.

Agha ndị agha okpuru

Onye nkuzi nke Koran'an site na ọrụ, Mukhtar nwekwara nkà na atụmatụ na usoro nke Agha ọzara. Ọ maara ala nke ọma ma jiri ihe ọmụma ahụ mee ihe n'agha megide ndị Ịtali, ndị na-amaghị agha ọzara. Mukhtar na-eduga obere ìgwè ya ugboro ugboro na mwakpo gara nke ọma megide ndị Ịtali, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ha ga-alaghachi n'ọzara. Ndị ikom Mukhtar ji nkà wakpo ndị agha, wakpoo ndị agha, ma belata ụzọ nkesa na nkwurịta okwu. ^[6]Regio Esercito (Ndị Agha Eze nke Ịtali) juru anya ma mee ihere maka usoro ndị agha okpuru ya.

N'ógbè ugwu nke Jebel Akhdar ("Green Mountain") na 1924, gọvanọ Ịtali Ernesto Bombelli mepụtara ndị agha na-emegide ndị agha okpuru nke kpatara nnukwu ihe ndọghachi azụ na ndị agha okorobịa n'April 1925. Mukhtar gbanwere usoro nke ya ngwa ngwa ma nwee ike ịdabere na enyemaka na-aga n'ihu site na Ijipt. Na Machị 1927, n'agbanyeghị mmeri nke Giarabub site na Febụwarị 1926 na ọchịchị siri ike n'okpuru Gọvanọ Attilio Teruzzi, Mukhtar juru ndị agha Ịtali anya na Raheiba. N'agbata afọ 1927 na 1928, Mukhtar haziri ndị agha Senusite, ndị ndị Ịtali na-achụ mgbe niile. Ọbụna General Teruzzi ghọtara àgwà Omar nke "nnupụisi pụrụ iche na ike ime ihe siri ike. " [Nkwupụta a chọrọ ntinye aka] Marshal Pietro Badoglio, Gọvanọ nke Libya site na Jenụwarị 1929, mgbe mkparịta ụka sara mbara gasịrị, kwubiri nkwekọrịta ya na Mukhtar (nke ndị Ịtali kọwara dị ka nrubeisi ya zuru oke) yiri nkwekọrịta Italo-Senusite gara aga. Na ngwụcha Ọktọba 1929, Mukhtar katọrọ nkwekọrịta ahụ ma guzobe ịdị n'otu n'etiti ndị agha Libya, na-akwadebe onwe ya maka esemokwu ikpeazụ ya na General Rodolfo Graziani, onye isi ndị agha Itali site na Machị 1930. Nnukwu mwakpo na June megide ndị agha Mukhtar dara, Graziani, na nkwekọrịta zuru oke na Badoglio, Emilio De Bono (Minister of the Colonies), na Benito Mussolini, malitere atụmatụ imebi ndị Mujāhideen nke Libya: a ga-ebugharị 100,000 ndị Jebel Akhdar n'ogige ịta ahụhụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri, a ga-egbochi enyemaka ọ bụla si mba ọzọ nye ndị agha ma napụ ha nkwado ha. Nzọụkwụ ndị a, nke Graziani malitere na mbido 1931, metụtara nguzogide Senusite. A napụrụ ndị nnupụisi enyemaka na nkwado, nyochaa, ụgbọelu ndị Ịtali kụrụ ha, ma chụsoo ha n'ala site n'aka ndị agha Ịtali nke ndị na-enye ihe ọmụma na ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ na-enyere aka. Mukhtar gara n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ n'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike na ihe ize ndụ, mana na 11 Septemba 1931, a wakporo ya na nso Slonta. ^{[citation needed]}

Foto nke Omar Mukhtar ka ọ nọ ọdụ
Omar Mukhtar na 10 Nkwupụta nri (2004)
Omar Mukhtar mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.
N'akụkụ Omar Mukhtar
Omar Mukhtar nọ n'ahụ
Ndị ọrụ Ịtali jidere Omar Mukhtar

Hụkwa

Omar ọdụm nke North Africa
Senussi
We Will Not Surrender (We Win or We Die), abụ mkpesa n'oge 2011 Libyan Civil War dabere na otu n'ime okwu Mukhtar.

Edensibia

Karịsịa, ndị Ika nọ na North-West nke Delta State; mana ụfọdụ, dị ka Igbanke, Inyelen na Ekpon, nọ na Edo State ugbu a. Obodo Ika na-agụnye ndị a: Agbor, Owa, Umunede, Mbiri, Abavo, Orogodo, Otolokpo, Igbodo, Ute-Okpu, Ute-Ugbeje, Idumuesah, Akumazi, Ekpon, Igbanke, Inyelen, Iru egbede (Edo State).

↑ Britain) (1932). Journal (in en). “Senussi chief , Omar el Mukhtar”
↑ (1948) New Times (in en). Newspaper "Trud, ". “A major role is assigned to the Arab, Emir Idris es Senussi, who aspires to become ruler of the fairly large Senussi tribe in Cyrenaica.”
↑ Rodolfo Graziani, "Cirenaica Pacificata" pg.269 (Benamer translation)
↑ Bruce Vandervort, p. 261
↑ Encyclopedia of World Biography on Omar al-Mukhtar, BookRags.com
↑ Libya profile - Timeline, BBC News Asia, 1 November 2011

Njikọ mpụga

[1] Britain) (1932). Journal (in en). “Senussi chief , Omar el Mukhtar”

[2] (1948) New Times (in en). Newspaper "Trud, ". “A major role is assigned to the Arab, Emir Idris es Senussi, who aspires to become ruler of the fairly large Senussi tribe in Cyrenaica.”

[Graziani-3] Rodolfo Graziani, "Cirenaica Pacificata" pg.269 (Benamer translation)

[Vandervort-4] Bruce Vandervort, p. 261

[5] Encyclopedia of World Biography on Omar al-Mukhtar, BookRags.com

[6] Libya profile - Timeline, BBC News Asia, 1 November 2011

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