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en:City of Music (UNESCO) 20:07, 10 December 2023‎ UTC を翻訳のためコピー
タグ: 差し戻し済み 曖昧さ回避ページへのリンク
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{{short description|Designation of a city awarded by UNESCO upon application, for its commitment to music}}
{{multiple image
|align = right
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Adelaide Festival Centre at Night.jpg
|width1 = 350
|caption1 = [[Adelaide Festival Centre]] in [[South Australia]]
}}

[[UNESCO|UNESCO's]] '''City of Music''' programme is part of the wider [[Creative Cities Network]].

The ''Network'' launched in 2004, and has member cities in seven creative fields. The other fields are: Crafts and Folk Art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, and Media Arts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/64-cities-join-unesco-creative-cities-network|title=Cities Join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network}}</ref>

==Criteria for Cities of Music==
{{multiple image
|align = right
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Gent Graslei zonsondergang.JPG
|width1 = 350
|caption1 = [[Korenlei]] and [[Graslei]] in [[Ghent]], [[Belgium]]
}}

To be approved as a City of Music, cities need to meet a number of criteria set by [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Creative_cities_brochure_en.pdf |title=The Creative Cities Network |access-date=2018-07-31}}</ref>

Designated UNESCO Cities of Music share similar characteristics:
* recognised centres of musical creation and activity
* experience in hosting [[music festival]]s and events at a national or international level
* promotion of the [[music industry]] in all its forms
* music schools, conservatories, academies, and higher education institutions specialised in music
* informal structures for [[music education]], including amateur [[choir]]s and [[orchestra]]s
* domestic or international platforms dedicated to particular [[music genre|genres of music]] and/or music from other countries
* cultural spaces suited for practicing and listening to music, e.g. open-air [[auditorium]]s.

==About the cities==
{{multiple image
|align = right
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Monumental Plaza de España de Sevilla.jpg
|width1 = 350
|caption1 = [[Plaza de España, Seville|Plaza de España]] in [[Seville]], [[Spain]]
}}
In March 2006, [[Seville]] was designated as the first City of Music. [[Bologna]] was named approximately two months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.listentotheworld.net/human-aesthetics/unescos-cities-of-music|title=UNESCO's Cities of Music|date=22 September 2014|access-date=7 May 2019|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620010148/http://www.listentotheworld.net/human-aesthetics/unescos-cities-of-music/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Seville has a "legendary [[Flamenco]] scene," and [[UNESCO]] lists Flamenco as an "[[intangible cultural heritage]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20121105-sevilles-legendary-flamenco-scene|title=Seville's Legendary Flamenco Scene}}</ref>

[[Hamamatsu]] is the founding city of [[musical instrument]] companies [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]], [[Kawai Musical Instruments|Kawai]], and [[Roland Corporation|Roland]]. It has also an Museum of Musical Instruments.<ref name="Hamamatsu">{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/hamamatsu|title=Hamamatsu}}</ref>

[[Liverpool]]—"the city that spawned [[The Beatles]]"—earned its designation due to music's "place in the heart of the city's life." UNESCO also noted a "clearly defined" [[music]], [[education]], and [[skill]]s strategy for young people.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-35074825|title=Liverpool receives 'City of Music' honour from UNESCO|work=BBC News|date=12 December 2015}}</ref>

[[Idanha-a-Nova]] "lives by the rhythm of music," [[Ghent]] is a "city full of culture," and [[Auckland]] is the "beating heart of [[New Zealand|New Zealand's]] music industry."<ref name="Idanha-a-Nova">{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/idanha-nova|title=Idanha-a-Nova}}</ref><ref name="Ghent">{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/ghent|title=Ghent}}</ref><ref name="Auckland">{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/auckland|title=Auckland}}</ref>

[[Adelaide]] is "sophisticated, cultured, and neat-casual," [[Daegu]] is a "pleasant and progressive place," and [[Leiria]] is an "agreeable mixture of medieval and modern."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/australia/south-australia/adelaide|title=Adelaide}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/south-korea/gyeongsangbuk-do/daegu|title=Daegu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/portugal/leiria|title=Leiria}}</ref>

==Cities of Music==
{{multiple image
|align = right
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Cavern Club, Liverpool - 2012-10-01 (8).JPG
|width1 = 350
|caption1 = [[The Cavern Club]], Liverpool, England
}}
As of 2021, fifty Cities of Music have been designated by UNESCO.

Nineteen of the participating cities are [[Europe]]an, ten are [[Asia]]n and [[Middle East]]ern. [[South America]] and [[North America]] each have six, [[Africa]] has four, and two have been designated in [[Oceania]].

Seven countries have two member cities. [[India]], [[Colombia]], [[Portugal]], and the [[United Kingdom]] are the only countries to have three designated cities.

The Cities of Music are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! width="150" | City
! width="200" | Country
! width="150" | Year of Inscription
|-
| [[Adelaide]]
| {{flag|Australia}}
| 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/adelaide|title=Adelaide}}</ref>
|-
| [[Almaty]]
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/almaty|title=Almaty}}</ref>
|-
| [[Amarante, Portugal|Amarante]]
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/amarante|title=Amarante}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]]
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Ambon}}</ref>
|-
| [[Auckland]]
| {{flag|New Zealand}}
| 2017<ref name="Auckland"/>
|-
|[[Belfast]]
|{{GBR}}
|2021
|-
|[[Banja Luka]]
|{{flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/55-new-cities-join-unesco-creative-cities-network-world-cities-day|title=55 new cities join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network on World Cities Day|access-date=31 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bissau]]
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Bogotá]]
| {{flag|Colombia}}
| 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/bogota|title=Bogotá}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bologna]]
| {{flag|Italy}}
| 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/bologna|title=Bologna}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bolzano]]
|{{flag|Italy}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Brazzaville]]
| {{flag|Congo}}
| 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/brazzaville|title=Brazzaville}}</ref>
|-
| [[Brno]]
| {{flag|Czech Republic}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/brno|title=Brno}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bydgoszcz]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
|[[Caracas]]
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Chennai]]
| {{flag|India}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/chennai|title=Chennai}}</ref>
|-
|[[Da Lat]]
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Daegu]]
| {{flag|Korea Republic}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/daegu|title=Daegu}}</ref>
|-
| [[Essaouira]]
| {{flag|Morocco}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Essaouira}}</ref>
|-
| [[Frutillar]]
| {{flag|Chile}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/frutillar|title=Frutillar}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ghent]]
| {{flag|Belgium}}
| 2009<ref name="Ghent"/>
|-
| [[Glasgow]]
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/glasgow|title=Glasgow}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gwalior]]
|{{flag|India}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Hamamatsu]]
| {{flag|Japan}}
| 2014<ref name="Hamamatsu"/>
|-
| [[Hanover]]
| {{flag|Germany}}
| 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/hannover|title=Hanover}}</ref>
|-
| [[Havana]]
| {{flag|Cuba}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Havana}}</ref>
|-
| [[Idanha-a-Nova]]
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| 2015<ref name="Idanha-a-Nova"/>
|-
|[[Ipoh]]
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]
| {{flag|United States}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/kansas-city|title=Kansas City}}</ref>
|-
| [[Katowice]]
| {{flag|Poland}}
| 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/katowice|title=Katowice}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kazan]]
| {{flag|Russia}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Kazan}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]
| {{flag|Jamaica}}
| 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/kingston|title=Kingston}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kinshasa]]
| {{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}
| 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/kinshasa|title=Kinshasa}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kırşehir]]
| {{flag|Turkey}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Kırşehir}}</ref>
|-
| [[Leiria]]
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Leiria}}</ref>
|-
| [[Llíria]]
| {{flag|Spain}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Llíria}}</ref>
|-
| [[London, Ontario|London]]
| {{flag|Canada}}
| 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://london.ctvnews.ca/london-ont-is-canada-s-first-unesco-city-of-music-1.5657084|title = London, Ont. Is Canada's first UNESCO City of Music|date = 8 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Liverpool]]
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/liverpool|title=Liverpool}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mannheim]]
| {{flag|Germany}}
| 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/mannheim|title=Mannheim}}</ref>
|-
| [[Medellín]]
| {{flag|Colombia}}
| 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/medellin|title=Medellín}}</ref>
|-
| [[Metz]]
| {{flag|France}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Metz}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mexicali]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
|[[Montreux]]
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Morelia]]
| {{flag|Mexico}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/morelia|title=Morelia}}</ref>
|-
| [[Norrköping]]
| {{flag|Sweden}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/norrkoping|title=Norrköping}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pesaro]]
| {{flag|Italy}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/pesaro|title=Pesaro}}</ref>
|-
| [[Port of Spain]]
| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Port of Spain}}</ref>
|-
| [[Praia, Cape Verde (municipality)|Praia]]
| {{flag|Cape Verde}}
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/praia|title=Praia}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ramallah]]
| {{flag|Palestine}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Ramallah}}</ref>
|-
| [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/salvador|title=Salvador}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sanandaj]]
| {{flag|Iran}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Sanandaj}}</ref>
|-
|[[Urfa|Şanlıurfa]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Santo Domingo]]
| {{flag|Dominican Republic}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Santo Domingo}}</ref>
|-
| [[Seville]]
| {{flag|Spain}}
| 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/seville|title=Seville}}</ref>
|-
|[[Suphan Buri]]
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Tallinn]]
| {{flag|Estonia}}
| 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/tallinn|title=Tallinn}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tongyeong]]
| {{flag|South Korea}}
| 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/tongyeong|title=Tongyeong}}</ref>
|-
|[[Toulouse]]
|{{flag|France}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Valledupar]]
| {{flag|Colombia}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Valledupar}}</ref>
|-
| [[Valparaíso]]
| {{flag|Chile}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Valparaíso}}</ref>
|-
| [[Varanasi]]
| {{flag|India}}
| 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/varanasi|title=Varanasi}}</ref>
|-
|[[Varaždin]]
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
|[[Veliky Novgorod]]
|{{flag|Russia}}
|2023<ref name="CreativeCities2023"/>
|-
| [[Veszprém]]
| {{flag|Hungary}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Veszprém}}</ref>
|-
| [[Vranje]]
| {{flag|Serbia}}
| 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=Vranje}}</ref>
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[City of Gastronomy]]
*[[City of Literature]]
*[[City of Film]]
*[[Design Cities (UNESCO)]]
*[[City of Crafts and Folk Arts]]
*[[City of Media Arts]]
*[[Music of Adelaide]]

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}

[[Category:Musical culture]]
[[Category:UNESCO]]
[[Category:Lists of cities]]

2023年12月13日 (水) 00:49時点における版

Adelaide Festival Centre in South Australia

UNESCO's City of Music programme is part of the wider Creative Cities Network.

The Network launched in 2004, and has member cities in seven creative fields. The other fields are: Crafts and Folk Art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, and Media Arts.[1]

Criteria for Cities of Music

Korenlei and Graslei in Ghent, Belgium

To be approved as a City of Music, cities need to meet a number of criteria set by UNESCO.[2]

Designated UNESCO Cities of Music share similar characteristics:

  • recognised centres of musical creation and activity
  • experience in hosting music festivals and events at a national or international level
  • promotion of the music industry in all its forms
  • music schools, conservatories, academies, and higher education institutions specialised in music
  • informal structures for music education, including amateur choirs and orchestras
  • domestic or international platforms dedicated to particular genres of music and/or music from other countries
  • cultural spaces suited for practicing and listening to music, e.g. open-air auditoriums.

About the cities

Plaza de España in Seville, Spain

In March 2006, Seville was designated as the first City of Music. Bologna was named approximately two months later.[3]

Seville has a "legendary Flamenco scene," and UNESCO lists Flamenco as an "intangible cultural heritage."[4]

Hamamatsu is the founding city of musical instrument companies Yamaha, Kawai, and Roland. It has also an Museum of Musical Instruments.[5]

Liverpool—"the city that spawned The Beatles"—earned its designation due to music's "place in the heart of the city's life." UNESCO also noted a "clearly defined" music, education, and skills strategy for young people.[6]

Idanha-a-Nova "lives by the rhythm of music," Ghent is a "city full of culture," and Auckland is the "beating heart of New Zealand's music industry."[7][8][9]

Adelaide is "sophisticated, cultured, and neat-casual," Daegu is a "pleasant and progressive place," and Leiria is an "agreeable mixture of medieval and modern."[10][11][12]

Cities of Music

The Cavern Club, Liverpool, England

As of 2021, fifty Cities of Music have been designated by UNESCO.

Nineteen of the participating cities are European, ten are Asian and Middle Eastern. South America and North America each have six, Africa has four, and two have been designated in Oceania.

Seven countries have two member cities. India, Colombia, Portugal, and the United Kingdom are the only countries to have three designated cities.

The Cities of Music are:

City Country Year of Inscription
Adelaide オーストラリアの旗 オーストラリア 2015[13]
Almaty カザフスタンの旗 カザフスタン 2017[14]
Amarante ポルトガルの旗 ポルトガル 2017[15]
Ambon インドネシアの旗 インドネシア 2019[16]
Auckland ニュージーランドの旗 ニュージーランド 2017[9]
Belfast イギリスの旗 イギリス 2021
Banja Luka [[ファイル:Template:Country flag alias Bosnia & Herzegovina|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Bosnia & Herzegovinaの旗|link=]] [[Template:Country alias Bosnia & Herzegovina|Template:Country alias Bosnia & Herzegovina]] 2023[17]
Bissau ギニアビサウの旗 ギニアビサウ 2023[17]
Bogotá コロンビアの旗 コロンビア 2012[18]
Bologna イタリアの旗 イタリア 2006[19]
Bolzano イタリアの旗 イタリア 2023[17]
Brazzaville コンゴ共和国の旗 コンゴ共和国 2013[20]
Brno チェコの旗 チェコ 2017[21]
Bydgoszcz ポーランドの旗 ポーランド 2023[17]
Caracas ベネズエラの旗 ベネズエラ 2023[17]
Chennai インドの旗 インド 2017[22]
Da Lat ベトナムの旗 ベトナム 2023[17]
Daegu 大韓民国の旗 大韓民国 2017[23]
Essaouira モロッコの旗 モロッコ 2019[24]
Frutillar チリの旗 チリ 2017[25]
Ghent ベルギーの旗 ベルギー 2009[8]
Glasgow イギリスの旗 イギリス 2008[26]
Gwalior インドの旗 インド 2023[17]
Hamamatsu 日本の旗 日本 2014[5]
Hanover ドイツの旗 ドイツ 2014[27]
Havana キューバの旗 キューバ 2019[28]
Idanha-a-Nova ポルトガルの旗 ポルトガル 2015[7]
Ipoh マレーシアの旗 マレーシア 2023[17]
Kansas City アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ 2017[29]
Katowice ポーランドの旗 ポーランド 2015[30]
Kazan ロシアの旗 ロシア 2019[31]
Kingston ジャマイカの旗 ジャマイカ 2015[32]
Kinshasa コンゴ民主共和国の旗 コンゴ民主共和国 2015[33]
Kırşehir トルコの旗 トルコ 2019[34]
Leiria ポルトガルの旗 ポルトガル 2019[35]
Llíria スペインの旗 スペイン 2019[36]
London カナダの旗 カナダ 2021[37]
Liverpool イギリスの旗 イギリス 2015[38]
Mannheim ドイツの旗 ドイツ 2014[39]
Medellín コロンビアの旗 コロンビア 2015[40]
Metz フランスの旗 フランス 2019[41]
Mexicali メキシコの旗 メキシコ 2023[17]
Montreux スイスの旗 スイス 2023[17]
Morelia メキシコの旗 メキシコ 2017[42]
Norrköping スウェーデンの旗 スウェーデン 2017[43]
Pesaro イタリアの旗 イタリア 2017[44]
Port of Spain トリニダード・トバゴの旗 トリニダード・トバゴ 2019[45]
Praia カーボベルデの旗 カーボベルデ 2017[46]
Ramallah パレスチナの旗 パレスチナ 2019[47]
Salvador ブラジルの旗 ブラジル 2015[48]
Sanandaj イランの旗 イラン 2019[49]
Şanlıurfa トルコの旗 トルコ 2023[17]
Santo Domingo ドミニカ共和国の旗 ドミニカ共和国 2019[50]
Seville スペインの旗 スペイン 2006[51]
Suphan Buri タイ王国の旗 タイ 2023[17]
Tallinn エストニアの旗 エストニア 2021[52]
Tongyeong 大韓民国の旗 韓国 2015[53]
Toulouse フランスの旗 フランス 2023[17]
Valledupar コロンビアの旗 コロンビア 2019[54]
Valparaíso チリの旗 チリ 2019[55]
Varanasi インドの旗 インド 2015[56]
Varaždin クロアチアの旗 クロアチア 2023[17]
Veliky Novgorod ロシアの旗 ロシア 2023[17]
Veszprém ハンガリーの旗 ハンガリー 2019[57]
Vranje セルビアの旗 セルビア 2019[58]

See also

References

  1. ^ “Cities Join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  2. ^ “The Creative Cities Network”. https://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Creative_cities_brochure_en.pdf 2018年7月31日閲覧。 
  3. ^ “UNESCO's Cities of Music” (22 September 2014). 20 June 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。7 May 2019閲覧。
  4. ^ “Seville's Legendary Flamenco Scene”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  5. ^ a b “Hamamatsu”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  6. ^ “Liverpool receives 'City of Music' honour from UNESCO”. BBC News. (12 December 2015). https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-35074825 
  7. ^ a b “Idanha-a-Nova”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  8. ^ a b “Ghent”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  9. ^ a b “Auckland”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  10. ^ “Adelaide”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  11. ^ “Daegu”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  12. ^ “Leiria”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  13. ^ “Adelaide”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  14. ^ “Almaty”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  15. ^ “Amarante”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  16. ^ “Ambon”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o “55 new cities join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network on World Cities Day”. 31 October 2023閲覧。
  18. ^ “Bogotá”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  19. ^ “Bologna”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  20. ^ “Brazzaville”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  21. ^ “Brno”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  22. ^ “Chennai”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  23. ^ “Daegu”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  24. ^ “Essaouira”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  25. ^ “Frutillar”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  26. ^ “Glasgow”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  27. ^ “Hanover”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  28. ^ “Havana”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  29. ^ “Kansas City”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  30. ^ “Katowice”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  31. ^ “Kazan”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  32. ^ “Kingston”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  33. ^ “Kinshasa”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  34. ^ “Kırşehir”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  35. ^ “Leiria”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  36. ^ “Llíria”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  37. ^ “London, Ont. Is Canada's first UNESCO City of Music” (8 November 2021). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  38. ^ “Liverpool”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  39. ^ “Mannheim”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  40. ^ “Medellín”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  41. ^ “Metz”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  42. ^ “Morelia”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  43. ^ “Norrköping”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  44. ^ “Pesaro”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  45. ^ “Port of Spain”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  46. ^ “Praia”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  47. ^ “Ramallah”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  48. ^ “Salvador”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  49. ^ “Sanandaj”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  50. ^ “Santo Domingo”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  51. ^ “Seville”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  52. ^ “Tallinn”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  53. ^ “Tongyeong”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  54. ^ “Valledupar”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  55. ^ “Valparaíso”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  56. ^ “Varanasi”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  57. ^ “Veszprém”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  58. ^ “Vranje”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
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