Phytophthora

Phytophthora
	Serangan Phytophthora porri ing godhong prei
Klasifikasi ngèlmiah
Dhomain:	Eukaryota
Karajan:	Chromalveolata
Filum:	Heterokontophyta
Klas:	Oomycetes
Ordho:	Peronosporales
Famili:	Pythiaceae
Génus:	Phytophthora

Phytophthora (asalipun sakingbasa Yunani φυτόν (phytón), “tuwuhan” lan φθορά (phthorá), “karemukan”; “pangremuk tuwuhan”) inggih punika salah satunggaling génus saking Oomycota ingkang anggota-anggotanipun kathah ingkang njalari penyakit ing tetuwuhan, saéngga nuwuhaken tuna ing ékonomi, ékologi, lan ugi demografi ingkang ageng. Genus punika dipunlapuraken sepisanan déning Heinrich Anton de Bary taun 1875. Dipunprakirakaken wonten watawis 100 anggotanipun ingkang sampun pinanggih, sanadyan sejatosipun gunggungipun anggota langkung saking 100.^[1].

Biologi

Phytophthora saged nindakaken réprodhuksi mawi cara seksual lan ugi aseksual. Struktur réprodhuksi seksual jarang pinanggih ing alam, anananging saged dipunrangsang wonten pembiakan ing laboratorium. Ing jinis-jinis ingkang homotalus, struktur seksual tuwuh ing satunggal kultur tunggal. Jinis-jinis ingkang heterotalus gadhah kalih jinis kelamin.

Spora aseksual ingkang kawwangun saking mitosis dipuntenpang minangka klamidospora lan zoospora. Jinis spora ingkang pungkasan dipunkasilaken ing sporangium punika kathah (jamak).

Patogenisitas

Kathtah Phytophthora sp. ingkang dados patogen ing tetuwuhan ingkang nuwuhaken tuna ingkang ageng ing babagan ékonomi. Phytophthora infestans inggih punika agen infektif ingkang njalari penyakit ing tuwuhan kenthang. Phytophthora ugi njalari penyakit ing tuwuhan tomat lan kacang kedhele. Padatanipun, penyakit tuwuhan ingkang dipunjalari génus punika awrat sanget dipunkontrol, saéngga mbetahaken strategi ingkang langkung saé lan langkung utama.

Sawetawis Phytophthora ingkang njalari penyakit, inggih punika:

Phytophthora alni - njalari oyod bosok.
Phytophthora cactorum - njalari oyod bosok lan perdharahan kanker ing wit kayu.
Phytophthora capsici - nginfeksi woh Cucurbitaceae, kados ta timun.
Phytophthora cinnamomi - njalari oyod kayu legi bosok ingkang mrabawani kayu hias.
Phytophthora fragariae - njalari oyod stroberi bosok.
Phytophthora kernoviae - patogen beech lan rhododendron, kadadosan ing wit-wit lan semak-semak.
Phytophthora megakarya - salah satunggaling spésies penyakit cemeng ing kakao, ingkang dadosaken jalaran paling ageng icalipun kakao ing Afrika.
Phytophthora palmivora - njalari bosokipun woh krambil lan pinang.
Phytophthora ramorum - nginfeksi genera tuwuhan langkung saking 60 spésies lan 100 spésies inang.
Phytophthora quercina
Phytophthora sojae - njalari oyod kedhele bosok.

Spesies

Phytophthora boehmeriae
Phytophthora botryosa
Phytophthora brassicae
Phytophthora cactorum
Phytophthora cajani
Phytophthora cambivora
Phytophthora capsici
Phytophthora cinnamomi
Phytophthora citricola
Phytophthora citrophthora
Phytophthora clandestina
Phytophthora colocasiae
Phytophthora cryptogea
Phytophthora drechsleri
Phytophthora erythroseptica
Phytophthora fragariae
Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi
P. gemini
Phytophthora glovera
Phytophthora gonapodyides
Phytophthora heveae
Phytophthora hibernalis
Phytophthora humicola
Phytophthora hydropathica^[2]
Phytophthora irrigata^[2]
Phytophthora idaei
Phytophthora ilicis
Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora inflata
Phytophthora iranica
Phytophthora katsurae
Phytophthora lateralis
Phytophthora medicaginis
Phytophthora megakarya
Phytophthora megasperma
Phytophthora melonis
Phytophthora mirabilis
Phytophthora multivesiculata
Phytophthora nemorosa^[3]
Phytophthora nicotianae
Phytophthora palmivora
Phytophthora phaseoli
Phytophthora pini
Phytophthora porri
Phytophthora plurivora
Phytophthora primulae
Phytophthora pseudosyringae
Phytophthora pseudotsugae
Phytophthora quercina
Phytophthora ramorum
Phytophthora sinensis
Phytophthora sojae
Phytophthora syringae
Phytophthora tentaculata
Phytophthora trifolii
Phytophthora vignae

Cathetan suku

↑ Brasier CM, 2009. Phytophthora biodiversity: how many Phytophthora species are there? In: Goheen EM, Frankel SJ, eds. Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems. Albany, CA, USA: USDA Forest Service: General Technical Report PSW-GTR-221, 101–15
↑ ^a ^b Hong, C (June 2008). "Phytophthora irrigata and Phytophthora hydropathica, two new species from irrigation water at ornamental plant nurseries". Phytopathology Vol. 98, no. 6. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2012-03-07. Dibukak ing 2009-06-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (pitulung)
↑ Hansen, Everett M.; Reeser, P. W.; Davidson, J. M.; Garbelotto, Matteo; Ivors, K.; Douhan, L.; and Rizzo, David M. (2003) "Phytophthora nemorosa, a new species causing cankers and leaf blight of forest trees in California and Oregon, U.S.A Mycotaxon 88: pp. 129-138

Waosan tambahan

Lucas, J.A. et al. (eds.) (1991) Phytophthora based on a symposium held at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland September 1989. British Mycological Society, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, ISBN 0-521-40080-5 ;
Erwin, Donald C. and Ribeiro, Olaf K. (1966) Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, ISBN 0-89054-212-0
Erwin, Donald C. (1983) Phytophthora: its biology, taxonomy, ecology, and pathology American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, ISBN 0-89054-050-0
"APHIS List of Regulated Hosts and Plants Associated with Phytophthora ramorum" U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services Archived 2006-12-12 at the Wayback Machine.
"Dieback" Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia Archived 2007-09-14 at the Wayback Machine.

Pranala njawi

Goodwin, Stephen B. (January 2001) "Phytophthora Bibliography" Purdue University Archived 2006-10-14 at the Wayback Machine.
Abbey, Tim (2005) "Phytophthora Dieback and Root Rot" College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut Archived 2007-05-06 at the Wayback Machine.
"Phytophthora Canker - Identification, Biology and Management" Bartlett Tree Experts Online Resource Library
"Phytophthora Root Rot - Identification, Biology and Management" Bartlett Tree Experts Online Resource Library
Dieback Working Group - Western Australia

[1] Brasier CM, 2009. Phytophthora biodiversity: how many Phytophthora species are there? In: Goheen EM, Frankel SJ, eds. Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems. Albany, CA, USA: USDA Forest Service: General Technical Report PSW-GTR-221, 101–15

[csa_new_species-2] Hong, C (June 2008). "Phytophthora irrigata and Phytophthora hydropathica, two new species from irrigation water at ornamental plant nurseries". Phytopathology Vol. 98, no. 6. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2012-03-07. Dibukak ing 2009-06-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (pitulung)

[3] Hansen, Everett M.; Reeser, P. W.; Davidson, J. M.; Garbelotto, Matteo; Ivors, K.; Douhan, L.; and Rizzo, David M. (2003) "Phytophthora nemorosa, a new species causing cankers and leaf blight of forest trees in California and Oregon, U.S.A Mycotaxon 88: pp. 129-138

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