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Pisum sativum

Nexus recensere
E Vicipaedia
Pisum sativum cum foliis magnis et siliquis
Eudicotyledones 
Rosidae 
Ordo : Fabales 
Familia : Fabaceae 
Subfamilia : Faboideae 
Tribus : Fabeae 
Genus : Pisum 
Species : P. sativum 
Pisum sativum 
L.  

Pisum sativum est species leguminum familiae Fabacearum.

Descriptio

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Planta annua habet radicem principalem longam cum radicibus secundariis, ubi in nodulis bacteria speciei Rhizobium leguminosum cum piso in symbiose vivunt[1] Caulis viridis vel serpens vel nitens est, ab quo rami cum uno usque ad tribus paribus folium diffundunt et in claviculis exitum habent. Flores eminentes ramis parvis possunt habere colorem inter candidum et violaceum. Ii saepe ipsi sponte fecundant, sed fecundationem externam insecta nectare allicentia dant.[1] Fecundatione facta crescunt siliquae virides continentes quattuor usque ad decem semina curva vel angularia.[1]

Subspecies

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  • Pisum sativum subsp. elatius
  • Pisum sativum subsp. sativum

Cultura

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Pisum sativum colitur ubique in regionibus moderatum climam habentibus; optime crescit, si temperatura inter 10 et 20°C est.[2] In iis regionibus pisum ex consuetudine seritur vel vere vel fine aestatis; haec autumno, illa matura aestate meteruntur. In regionibus calidioribus etiam seritur autumno, tum meteritur fine hiemis. Sementis fit in ordinibus cum spatio 15 usque 20cm inter eas. Mora culturae pisi in eodem solo sit minimum quinque anni, quod pisum cum ipso contrat.[3]

Bacteria symbiotice viventia vinciunt 70 usque ad 150kg/ha nitrogenii in solo.[2] Itaque pisum sativum saepe modo ad stercorandum subfodiendis plantis coluntur.[4] Si in solo numquam pisa culta sunt, semina bacteriis speciei Rhizobium leguminosum circumvelare radices ut crescant adiuvare potest.[4]

In tota terra anno 2011 pisa colebantur in circa 8 milies milia hectariis faciens fructum circa 26 milium miliarum tonnarum.[5]

Usus

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Iam antiquitate homines piso usi sunt; exempli gratia, Columella pisum in suis libris rei rusticae commemoravit.[6] Aevo autem Medio, cum pisum unus ex alimentis principibus esset, nostra aetate imprimis vel pabulum vel olus est.

Viridia pisa 81 kcal/100g pisorum[7] habentes composita sunt ex fere 79 centesimis aquae[7] et continent subsequentes substantias[7]:

Substantia massa substantiae per 100g pisorum pars indigentiae diei[8]
Proteinum 5.42g 11.7%
Lipidum 0.4g
Carbohydratum 14.45g 11.1%
Fibra allimentaria 5.1g 20.4%
Minerales
Calcium 25mg 3.1%
Ferrum 1.47mg 24.5%
Magnesium 33mg 9.4%
Phosphorus 108mg 18.5%
Kalium 244mg 5.2%
Natrium 5mg 0.3%
Zincum 1.24mg 13.2%
Vitamina
Vitaminum C 40.0mg 53.3%
Vitaminum B1 0.266mg 26.6%
Vitaminum B2 0.132mg 12.0%
Vitaminum B3 2.090mg 17.4%
Vitaminum B6 0.169mg 15.4%
Acidum folicum 65µg 20.3%
Vitaminum A 38.0µg 6.1%
Vitaminum E 0.13mg 1.1%
Vitaminum K 24.8µg 20.7%

Notabilis est ut omnia legumina, quantum proteini pisa matura habent (24.55g per 100g pisorum.[9]) In eo etiam omnia acida aminica pro hominibus necessaria sunt.[9] Pisa permultum amylum continentia plasticum biologicum fieri possunt.[1]

Cetera

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Non modo propter simplicitatem signorum geneticorum sed etiam propter simplicitatem brevitatemque culturae, Gregorius Mendel in experimentis suis de legibus geneticis usus est pisis.[10]

Cum pisum iam perdiu cultum sit, societas "Verein zur Erhaltung der Nutzpflanzenvielfalt e.V." pisum elegit holus anni 2009/2010.[11]

Notae

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2000/320/original/erbse.htm, 11 Maii 2013.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20130425051525/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Gbase/DATA/PF000493.HTM, 11 Maii 2013.
  3. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150414021300/http://www.oekolandbau.nrw.de/fachinfo/umstellung/pflanzenbau/koernerleguminosen/futtererbse/index.php, 11 Maii 2013.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_pisa6.pdf, 11 Maii 2013
  5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130401115157/http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html#DOWNLOAD, 11 Maii 2013
  6. ↑ http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/columella/columella.rr2.shtml, 11 Maii 2013.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20130522080352/http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/3037, 11 Maii 2013.
  8. ↑ Existimans virum adultum 40 annos natum calculatus cum https://web.archive.org/web/20160911123652/http://beyondcareer.com/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-Summary-Tables-1-4/, 11 Maii 2013 et http://www.iom.edu/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/1_%20EARs.pdf, 11 Maii 2013
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20190517130619/https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/4699?format=Full, 11 Maii 2013
  10. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20121127182341/http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d08_mend/mendel.htm, 11 Maii 2013.
  11. ↑ http://www.nutzpflanzenvielfalt.de/node/13, 11 Maii 2013.

Bibliographia

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Fontes antiquiores
  • 1300/1309 : Liber de coquina ubi diversitates ciborum docentur I.28-30 (Marianne Mulon, "Deux traités inédits d'art culinaire médiéval" in Bulletin philologique et historique (jusqu'à 1610) du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques [1968 (1971)] vol. 1 pp. 369-435) Textus ("Pisa")
  • 1330 : Hu Si-hui, Propria ad mensam Imperatoris principia (Paul D. Buell, Eugene N. Anderson, edd. et interprr., A Soup for the Qan: Chinese dietary medicine of the Mongol era as seen in Hu Szu-hui's Yin-shan cheng-yao [Londinii: Kegan Paul, 2000] p. 518)
  • 1803 : Grimod de la Reynière et al., Almanach des gourmands vol. 1 (2a ed. Lutetiae, 1803) pp. 102=103

Nexus externi

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Situs scientifici: Tropicos • Tela Botanica • GRIN • ITIS • Plant List • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Plant Name Index • Plantes d'Afrique • Flora of China • INPN France • Flora of North America • USDA Plants Database
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Pisum sativum spectant.
Vide "Pisum sativum" apud Vicispecies.


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