Gunuang Kinabalu
| Gunuang Kinabalu | |
|---|---|
| Gunung Kinabalu / ݢونوڠ کينبالو | |
 | |
| Katinggian | 4,095 m (13,435 ft) |
| Puncak | 4,095 m (13,435 ft) Paringkek ka-20 |
| Daftar | Titiak tatinggi nagara Ultra Spesial (Ribu) |
| Lokasi | |
 | |
| Latak | Bagian Pantai Barat, Sabah, Malaysia |
| Jajaran | Pagunuangan Crocker |
| Koordinat | 6°5′N 116°33′E / 6.083°N 116.550°EKoordinat: 6°5′N 116°33′E / 6.083°N 116.550°E |
| Pandakian | |
| Rute mudah | Pandakian (hiking) |
Gunuang Kinabalu (Melayu: Gunung Kinabalu) adolah ciek gunuang nan talatak di Bagian Pantai Barat, Sabah, Malaysia. Gunuang iko talinduangi dalam Taman Nasional Kinabalu, nan marupoan Situs Warisan Dunia. Kinabalu adolah gunuang nan tatinggi pado Pagunuangan Crocker di Kalimantan, sarato nan tatinggi pulo di Kapulauan Malayu jo di nagara Malaysia.[note 1] Gunuang Kinabalu tamasuak dalam paringkek ka-20 di dunia manuruik kamanonjolan topografisnyo (topographic prominence).[1]
Pado taun 1997, suatu survei ulang manggunoan teknologi satelit manatapan baso pucuak tatingginyo (yaitu Low's Peak) bakatinggian 4,095 meters (13,435 ft) di ateh pamukoan lauik, yaitu sakita 6 meters (20 ft) kurangnyo daripado katinggian nan dianggap jo dipublikasikan sabalunnyo pado 4,101 meters (13,455 ft).[2]
Gunuang Kinabalu maliputi kawasan ekologi padang rumpuik pagunuangan Kinabalu, barupo bioma tipe padang rumpuik jo samak baluka pagunuangan. Gunuang jo kawasan sakitanyo dianggap salah satu situs biologi nan paling pantiang di dunia, di mano tadapek antaro 5.000 inggo 6,000 spesies tumbuahan, 326 spesies buruang, sarato labiah dari 100 spesies mamalia nan taidentifikasi. Di antaro bajinih-jinih kaidupan alam lia nan kayo iko tamasuak pulo spesies tanamo sarupo bungo Rafflesia jo urangutan. Gunuang Kinabalu alah tacantum sabagai situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO.[3][4][5]
Low's Peak dapek didaki dek urang nan bakondisi fisik baik jo indak paralu mamakai parlangkapan panjek gunuang untuak manampuah sapanjang jalua utamonyo, tapi para pandaki aruih ditamani satiok wakatu jo panunjuak jalan (guide) nan taakreditasi manuruik paraturan taman nasional itu, sarato dapek juo tasarang panyakik katinggian (altitude sickness).[6]
Biologi
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]Gunuang Kinabalu jo daerah dataran tinggi Pagunuangan Crocker nan mangulilianginyo alah tanamo di saluruah dunia dek karano kaanekaragaman hayati spesies botani jo biologisnyo, dari baragamnyo tanaman-tanaman nan baasa dari Himalaya, Australasia, jo Indomalaya. Suatu survei botani tarakia di gunuang ko mampakiroan ado 5.000 sampai 6.000 spesies tanaman (indak tamasuak lumuik jo lumuik ati, tatapi tamasuak paku),[2][7][8][9][10][11] di mano iko labiah dari jumalah gabuangan dari nan ado di saluruah Eropa jo Amerika Utara (indak tamasuak wilayah tropis Meksiko). Iko sabauknyo tampek itu tamasuak salah satu situs biologis paliang pantiang di dunia. Alasan ateh kaanekaragaman jo endemisme nan kayo iko adolah sangaik tinggiannyo inggo dapek malinduangi spesies-spesies nan baadaptasi di daerah dingin salamo maso interglasial.[12]
Pado taun 2015, ciek panalitian gadang Malaysia-Belanda manunjuakan baso flora, fauna, jo cindawan unik di puncak gunuang iko umuanyo labia mudo daripado umua gunuang itu surang, nan ruponyo alah baevolusi dari spesies niniak muyangnyo nan baasa dari pagunuangan lokal nan dakek jo nan jauah.[13]
Catatan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- ↑ Manuruik definisi nan bapakai, Kapulauan Malayu nan indak maliputi Papua Nugini, di mano tadapek 22 gunuang bakatinggian di ateh 4100 m.
Rujuakan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- ↑ "World Top 50 Most Prominent Peaks". Peaklist.org. Diakses tanggal 21 November 2011.
- ↑ a b Phillipps, A. & F. Liew 2000. Globetrotter Visitor's Guide – Kinabalu Park. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd.
- ↑ "Kinabalu Park". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Diakses tanggal 7 June 2015.
- ↑ Michael Aquino. "Mount Kinabalu, Malaysia". About.com Travel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 June 2015.
- ↑ "Mount Kinabalu – revered abode of the dead". Ecology Asia. Diakses tanggal 7 June 2015.
- ↑ Simon Richmond (2010). Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. Lonely Planet. pp. 360–. ISBN 978-1-74104-887-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=VMKOuzRxOJsC&pg=PA360.
- ↑ Parris, By. S., R. S. Beaman, and J. H. Beaman. 1992. The Plants of Mount Kinabalu: 1. Ferns and Fern Allies. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. 165 pp + 5 pl.
- ↑ Wood, J. J., J. H. Beaman, and R. S. Beaman. 1993. The Plants of Mount Kinabalu. 2. Orchids. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. xii + 411 pp + 84 pl.
- ↑ Beaman, J. H., and R. S. Beaman. 1998. The Plants of Mount Kinabalu. 3. Gymnosperms and Non-Orchid Monocotyledons. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.; Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. xii + 220 pp + 25 pl.
- ↑ Beaman, J. H., C. Anderson, and R. S. Beaman. 2001. The plants of Mount Kinabalu. 4: Dicotyledon families Acanthaceae to Lythraceae. xiv + 570 pp + 45 pl. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.; Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
- ↑ Beaman, J. H., and C. Anderson. 2004. The plants of Mount Kinabalu. 5: Dicotyledon families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae. xiv + 609 pp + 40 pl. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.; Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
- ↑ Miguel Camacho-Sanchez, Irene Quintanilla, Melissa T. R. Hawkins, Fred Y. Y. Tuh, Konstans Wells, Jesus E. Maldonado and Jennifer A. Leonard. 2018. "Interglacial refugia on tropical mountains: novel insights from the summit rat (Rattus baluensis), a Borneo mountain endemic". Diversity and Distributions, 24: 1252–1266. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12761
- ↑ Merckx, V. S. F. T.; Hendriks, K. P.; Beentjes, K. K.; Mennes, C. B.; Becking, L. E.; Peijnenburg, K. T. C. A.; Afendy, A.; Arumugam, N.; de Boer, H.; Biun, A.; Buang, M. M.; Chen, P.-P.; Chung, A. Y. C.; Dow, R.; Feijen, F. A. A.; Feijen, H.; Feijen-van Soest, C; Geml, J.; Geurts, R.; Gravendeel, B.; Hovenkamp, P.; Imbun, P.; Ipor, I.; Janssens, S. B.; Jocqué, M.; Kappes, H.; Khoo, E.; Koomen, P.; Lens, F.; Majapun, R. J.; Morgado, L. N.; Neupane, S.; Nieser, N.; Pereira, J. T.; Rahman, H.; Sabran, S.; Sawang, A.; Schwallier, R. M.; Shim, P.-S.; Smit, H.; Sol, N.; Spait, M.; Stech, M.; Stokvis, F.; Sugau, J. B.; Suleiman, M.; Sumail, S.; Thomas, D. C.; van Tol, J.; Tuh, F. Y. Y.; Yahya, B. E.; Nais, J.; Repin, R.; Lakim, M.; Schilthuizen, M. (2015). "Evolution of endemism on a young tropical mountain" (PDF). Nature. 524 (7565): 347–350. Bibcode:2015Natur.524..347M. doi:10.1038/nature14949. PMID 26266979.
Bacoan lanjutan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- Thomas Fuller (9 April 1999). Into the Mists of Borneo's Kinabalu. The New York Times.
- Hugh; Midori Paxton (7 March 2001). Climb rain forests to the clouds. The Japan Times.
- Jim Solicki (23 June 2001). They came, they climbed: Mount Kinabalu conquered. The Globe and Mail.
- Jocasta Webb (1 September 2001). The truth about Mount Kinabalu. The Guardian
- Flip Byrnes (18 August 2010). Least-known, most exhilarating hikes. Stuff.co.nz
- Niall McIlroy (9 July 2011). Man versus mountain. The West Australian.
- Gabby Salazar (2 June 2014). Sunrise Hiking on Mount Kinabalu. National Geographic
- Sasha Gonzales (14 April 2015). 'If hell were a mountain, it would look like Mount Kinabalu': a Hong Kong hiker's Borneo blues. South China Morning Post
- Amy Willis (11 June 2015). What are the rules on climbing Mount Kinabalu and why is it so sacred?. Metro.
Pautan lua
[suntiang | suntiang sumber] |
Wikimedia Commons mampunyoi media nan bahubuangan jo Gunuang Kinabalu |
Panduan perjalanan Gunuang Kinabalu dari Wikivoyage- Sabah Parks website
- List of climbers who have hiked Mount Kinabalu
