Glucose

Template:Chembox header \| Glucose
click to view animated structure
Chemical a lagyu	6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
Aliwang kawangis kabaldugan D-glucose	dextrose
Miyayaliwang D-glucose	α-D-glucose; β-D-glucose
Katayang-kitiran	Glc, CHO
Chemical formula	C₆H₁₂O₆
Molecular mass	180.16 g mol⁻¹
Melting point	α-D-glucose: 146 °C β-D-glucose: 150 °C
Pangasiksik	1.54 g cm⁻³
CAS bilang	50-99-7 (D-glucose)
CAS bilang	921-60-8 (L-glucose)
SMILES	C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O
Normal clinical values	blood 75-115 mg/dl, urine 50-300 mg/24 hr.^[1]

Ing Glucose (Glc), metung a monosaccharide (o kaya keng amanu tamu mayumu), metung yang mayalagang carbohydrate keng biology. Ing kayang cell gagamit yang panibatan ning sikan at metabolic intermediate. Ing glucose metung ya kareng pun productu ning photosynthesis at magumpisa ya keng cellular a pamangisnawa kareng balang prokaryotes at eukaryotes. Ing lagyu manibat ya keng katayang Greek a glykys (γλυκύς), nung nu ing kabaldugan na "mayumu", at ing karadagan a pambuldit ing "-ose" nung nu ing buri nang sabian carbohydrate.

Aduang isomers na ning aldohexose a mayumu kebaluan la bilang glucose, ita mung metung nung nu ing (D-glucose) biologically active ya. Ining (D-glucose) a ini keraklan madaleraya ya bilang dextrose (dextrose monohydrate), lalung-lalu na keng industria ning pamangan. Ining articulung iti tungkul ya kareng mangalating D-aske ning glucose. Ing salamin-larawan ning molecule, L-glucose, eya malayaring gamitan da reng cells.

Ing glucose karaniwan atiu ya keng askeng maputing bage o masias a buung crystal. malyari ya naman mayakit keng aqueous solution.

Gamit

Malyari tamung manula nung nanu ing sangkan obat ing glucose, at aliwa ing metung pa ing monosaccharide kalupa na ning fructose (Fru), iya ing malaparan a magagamit keng evolution, keng ecosystem, at metabolismu. Ing glucose malyari yang manalkus ibat keng formaldehyde lalam ning abiotic a kabilyan, inya atiu ne kanita pa keng pekamamabang biochemical systems. Mekad ing mayalaga para mitas ing bie ing mababang pupuntalan ning glucose, nung wawangis me aliwang hexose a mayumu, nung nu ela makipamuk kareng lupung da reng amino a proteina. Ining pamipamuk da reng (glycation) mababawas o sisiran ne ing gamit da reng dakal a enzymes. Ing mababang balak na ning glycation ing sangkan iyapin ing pipilinan ne ning glucose ing mas e makipamuk keng cyclic isomer. Nanupata, dakal kareng pangmaluatan a dame ning diabetes (alimbawa, pangabulag, pamipalya ning batu, at peripheral neuropathy) mapalyari ing sangkan ing glycation da ring proteina o lipids. King kabaligtaran, ing enzyme-a makamantining pamandagdag keng glucose kareng proteina kapamilatan ning glycosylation keraklan mayalaga ya keng karelang gamit.

The Fischer projection of the chain form of D-glucose
The chain form of D-glucose
α-D-glucopyranose
β-D-glucopyranose
Chain form: ball-and-stick model
Chain form: space-filling model
α-D-glucopyranose
β-D-glucopyranose

Glucose

Glucose
Glucose tablets

Panibatan at pamanyipsip

Deng lakan a dietary carbohydrates atin lang glucose, mapalyaring kabud ila mu deng gagawa keng bloki, kalupa na mo ning arina at glycogen, o kaya kambe da ring aliwang monosaccharide, kalupa ning sucrose at lactose. Keng lumen ning duodenum at malating bituka ing oligo- at polysaccharide matatatal la anggang maging lang monosaccharides pauli ning kundilat at ning bitukang glycosidases. Ing glucose kaibat miyayalis ya sumangid ning apical membrane na ning enterocytes kapamilatan ning SLC5A1 at kaibat summangid ding karelang basal membrane kapamilatan ning SLC2A2 (ref). Ing aliwang glucose mumunta yang taglustaglus keng cell da reng utak at erythrocytes, kabang deng aliwa miraras la keng ate at laman, nung nu misimpan ya bilang glycogen, at king cell da ring taba, nung nu la magamit para mamie sikan keng pamipamuk atin misasamut kareng taba. Ing glycogen iya ing kaduang panibatan a sikan ning katawan, mayayaus at miyalilan para maging glucose ustung mangailangan sikan.