پراسيوديموميم

Praseodymium, ₅₉Pr
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/preɪziːəˈdɪmiəm/ ; pray-zee-ə-DIM-ee-əm
Appearance	grayish white
Praseodymium په دوراني جدول کې
cerium ← praseodymium → neodymium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	59
گروپ, پیریود	group n/a, period 6
بلاک	f-block
Element category	lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1208 K (935 °C, 1715 °F)
يشنا ټکی	3403 K (3130 °C, 5666 °F)
Density near r.t.	6.77 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.50 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.89 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	331 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.20 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.13
Ionization energies	1st: 527 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1020 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2086 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 182 pm
Covalent radius	203±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for praseodymium
Speed of sound thin rod	2280 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	α, poly: 6.7 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	12.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 0.700 µΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+5010.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)
Young's modulus	α form: 37.3 GPa
Shear modulus	α form: 14.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	α form: 28.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	α form: 0.281
Vickers hardness	250–745 MPa
Brinell hardness	250–640 MPa
CAS Number	7440-10-0
History
Discovery	Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Main isotopes of praseodymium
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پراسيوديموميم (په انگرېزي: Praseodymium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Pr سمبول او ۵۹ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

↑ کينډۍ:OED
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[1] کينډۍ:OED

[CIAAW2016-2] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[jackson-3] Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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