Umuryango wu bukungu bw’afurika
Umuryango w’ubukungu nyafurika ( AEC ) ni umuryango w’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ashyiraho ishingiro ry’iterambere ry’ubukungu hagati y’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika . Intego zavuzwe n’uyu muryango zirimo gushyiraho uduce tw’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye, ihuriro ry’amahoro, isoko rimwe, banki nkuru, n’ifaranga rimwe ( reba ubumwe bw’imari ny'afurika ) bityo hashyirwaho ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’amafaranga .
Inkingi
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Kugeza ubu muri Afurika hari imiryango myinshi yo mu karere, izwi kandi ku izina ry’ubukungu bw’akarere ( REC ), inyinshi muri zo zikaba zifite abanyamuryango benshi. RECs igizwe ahanini n’amashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi, ndetse rimwe na rimwe, ubufatanye bwa politiki na gisirikare. Inyinshi muri izi REC zigize inkingi za AEC, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zifite aho zihurira na bimwe mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Bitewe niki kigero kinini cyo guhuzagurika birashoboka ko leta zimwe zifite abanyamuryango benshi amaherezo zizava muri REC imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Benshi murizo nkingi zirimo kandi matsinda mato hamwe na gasutamo ikaze hamwe na cyangwa ubumwe bwamafaranga ubwabo :
Izi nkingi hamwe nitsinda ryabo bihuye nibi bikurikira :
| Inkingi | Amatsinda |
|---|---|
| Umuryango wibihugu bya Sahel-Sahara (CEN-SAD) | |
| Isoko Rusange muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo (COMESA) | |
| Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EAC) | |
| Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo Hagati (ECCAS / CEEAC) | Umuryango w’ubukungu n’ifaranga muri Afurika yo hagati (CEMAC) |
| Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba (ECOWAS) | Ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’ifaranga rya Afurika y’iburengerazuba (UEMOA) Agace k'ifaranga rya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba (WAMZ) |
| Inzego za Leta zishinzwe iterambere (IGAD) | |
| Umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC) | Ihuriro ry’amahoro muri Afurika yepfo (SACU) |
| Ubumwe bw'Abarabu Maghreb (UMA) |
Andi mashyirahamwe yo muri Afrika yo mukarere, atitabira gahunda ya AEC ( benshi muribo bahanura AEC ) ni :
- Agace gakomeye k'ubucuruzi bw'Abarabu ( GAFTA ) (umuryango w’ibihugu byinshi byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, harimo n’ibyo hanze ya Afurika )
- Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu by’ibiyaga bigari ( CEPGL )
- Komisiyo yo mu nyanja y'Abahinde ( COI )
- Ubuyobozi bwa Liptako-Gourma ( LGA )
- Ubumwe bwa Mano River ( MRU )
Abanyamuryango babo ni aba bakurikira :
| GAFTA 1 | CEPGL | COI | LGA | MRU |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Abanyamuryango 2005:
Yinjiye nyuma:
|
1976 abanyamuryango:
|
Abanyamuryango 1984:
|
Abanyamuryango 1970:
|
Abanyamuryango 1973:
Yinjiye nyuma:
|
1 Abanyamuryango ba Afrika GAFTA bonyine ni bo banditswe.
GAFTA na MRU nimwe mumiryango yonyine idahagaze.
AEC yashinzwe binyuze mu masezerano ya Abuja, yashyizweho umukono muri 1991 itangira gukurikizwa muri 1994 biteganijwe ko izashyirwaho mu byiciro bitandatu:
- ( byarangiye muri 1999 ) Gushiraho amashyirahamwe yakarere mukarere nkutarahari
- ( byarangiye muri 2007 ) Gushimangira kwishyira hamwe hagati ya REC no guhuza REC
- ( byarangiye muri 2021 ) Gushiraho agace k'ubucuruzi bwisanzuye hamwe n’ubumwe bwa gasutamo muri buri muryango w’akarere
- .
- ( kuzarangira muri 2025 ) Gushiraho umugabane rusange w’isoko rusange rya Afurika (ACM)
- .
- Iherezo ryibihe byose byinzibacyuho: 2034 mugihe cyanyuma
Ibyiciro byiterambere
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]- Icyiciro cya 1 : Byarangiye, gusa abanyamuryango b’ubumwe bw’Abarabu Maghreb na Repubulika ya Sahrawi ntibitabira. Somaliya iritabira, ariko nta gushyira mubikorwa bifatika.
- Icyiciro cya 2 : Iterambere rihamye, ntakintu gifatika kugenzura.
- Icyiciro cya 3 :
| Ihuriro ry’akarere - inkingi z’umuryango w’ubukungu nyafurika (AEC) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Igikorwa | CEN-SAD | COMESA | EAC | ECCAS | ECOWAS | IGAD | SADC | UMA | ||||
| CEMAC | Bisanzwe | UEMOA | WAMZ | Bisanzwe | SACU | Bisanzwe | ||||||
| Agace k'ubucuruzi ku buntu | yarahagaze | gutera imbere 1 | byuzuye | byuzuye | byasabwe mu 2007 ? | byuzuye | byasabwe | yarahagaze | byuzuye | gutera imbere 2 | yarahagaze | |
| Ihuriro rya gasutamo | yarahagaze | byasabwe mu 2008 | byuzuye | byuzuye | byasabwe mu 2011 ? | byuzuye | byasabwe mu 2007 | yarahagaze | byuzuye | byasabwe mu mwaka wa 2010 | yarahagaze | |
Abanyamuryango batarayitabira: DR Congo ( mu biganiro byo kwinjiramo ), Eritereya, Etiyopiya, Seychelles ( mu biganiro byo kwinjiramo ), Swaziland (ku gusebanya kugeza igihe SACU itanze uburenganzira bwa Swaziland kwinjira muri FTA ), Uganda (kwinjira vuba cyane )
Abanyamuryango batitabira : Angola, DR Congo, Seychelles
- Icyiciro cya 4 : Muri Werurwe 2018, ibihugu 49 by'Afurika byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubucuruzi ku mugabane wa Afurika ku buntu. Agace k'ubucuruzi ku mugabane wa Afurika katangiye gukora muri Nyakanga 2019, nyuma yo kwemezwa 22. [1] [2] Kuva muri 2021, 34 basinye babaye ababuranyi neza.
- Icyiciro cya 5 : nta terambere ryigeze
- Icyiciro cya 6 : nta terambere ryigeze
Iterambere muri rusange
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]| Ibikorwa | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Umuryango w’akarere | Agace k'ubucuruzi ku buntu | Ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’amafaranga | Urugendo rwubuntu | Amasezerano ya politiki | Amasezerano yo kwirwanaho | ||||
| Ihuriro rya gasutamo | Isoko rimwe | Ihuriro ry'ifaranga | Nta viza | Imipaka-munsi | |||||
| AEC | Igice kimwe | byasabwe mu 2023 | byasabwe mu 2023 | byasabwe mu 2028 | byasabwe mu 2023 | byasabwe mu 2023 | byasabwe mu 2028 | byasabwe mu 2028 | |
| CEN-SAD | byasabwe mu mwaka wa 2010 | ||||||||
| COMESA | gukurikizwa 1 | byasabwe mu 2008 | ? | byasabwe muri 2018 | |||||
| EAC | gukurikizwa | gukurikizwa | byasabwe mu 2015 | byasabwe mu 2024 | byasabwe muri 2018 [3] | ? | byasabwe mu 2023 | ||
| ECCAS | CEMAC | gukurikizwa | gukurikizwa | ? | gukurikizwa | ||||
| Bisanzwe | byasabwe mu 2007? | byasabwe mu 2011? | byasabwe | byasabwe | byasabwe | ? | gukurikizwa | ||
| ECOWAS | UEMOA | gukurikizwa | gukurikizwa | byasabwe | gukurikizwa | ||||
| WAMZ | ? | byasabwe muri 2012 | |||||||
| Bisanzwe | byasabwe 2 | byasabwe mu 2007 | byasabwe | byasabwe | gukurikizwa 1 | byasabwe | byasabwe | gukurikizwa | |
| IGAD | |||||||||
| SADC | SACU | gukurikizwa | gukurikizwa | de facto iri mu bikorwa 1 | ? | ||||
| Bisanzwe [ <span title="Dead link tagged June 2017">ihuriro rihoraho</span> ] | byasabwe muri 2008 3 | byasabwe mu mwaka wa 2010 | byasabwe mu 2015 | byasabwe mu 2016 | |||||
| UMA | |||||||||
ntabwo abanyamuryango bose bitabiriye
itumanaho, ubwikorezi ningufu - byasabwe
Ibicuruzwa byoroshye bigomba gutangwa kuva 2012
Agace k'ubucuruzi nyafurika
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Kuri uyu wa gatatu, tariki ya 22 Ukwakira 2008, muri gace y’Ubucuruzi bw’Afurika (AFTZ) yatangajwe n’abayobozi b’umuryango w’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo ( SADC ), Isoko rusange ry’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo ( COMESA ) n’umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba ( EAC ).
Muri Gicurasi 2012 igitekerezo cyongerewe kugirango kirimo ECOWAS, ECCAS na AMU. [4]
Reba kandi
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]- Icyerekezo cy'ubukungu muri Afurika
- Ubukungu bwa Afurika
- Ubukungu bw’Umuryango w’Afurika
Reba
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ Kede, Shoshana (2 April 2019). "Africa free trade agreement gets last ratification from Gambia". AfricanBusinessMagazine.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ↑ "AfCFTA Agreement secures minimum threshold of 22 ratification as Sierra Leone and the Saharawi Republic deposit instruments". African Union. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
- ↑ Ligami, Christabel (2017-04-17). "East Africa e-passports to be issued in 2018". theeastafrican.co.ke. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ↑ Africa free trade zone in operation by 2018