Eyalet
Eyalets, also known as beylerbeyliks, were special regions of the Ottoman Empire that were somewhat self governing, but were still officially parts of the Ottomans. More and more eyalets were made as the Ottomans expanded. Eyalets were divided into smaller districts called livas or sanjaks.
List of Eyalets
[change | change source]| Eyalet
Name |
Ottoman Turkish and in brackets Modern Turkish | Existed for | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhazia | Abhazya | ? years (1578–?) | also called Sukhum [Sohumkale] or Georgia [Gürcistan] and included Mingrelia and Imeretia as well as modern Abkhazia |
| Akhaltsikhe | Ahıska | ? years (1603–?) | either split from Samtskhe or existed at the same time |
| Dagestan | Dağıstan | ? years (1578–?) | also called Demirkapı – assigned a serdar [chief] rather than a beylerbeyi |
| Dmanisi | Tumanis | ? years (1584–?) | |
| Ganja | Gence | 16 years (1588–1604) | |
| Gori | Gori | ? years (1588–?) | probably replaced Tiflis after 1586 |
| Győr | Yanık | 04 years (1594–1598) | |
| Ibrim | Ìbrīm | 01 year (1584-1585) | short lived promotion of the sanjak of Ibrim[1] |
| Kakheti | Kaheti | ? years (1578–?) | Kakhetian king was appointed hereditary bey |
| Lazistan | Lazistān | ? years (1574–?) | |
| Lorri | Lori | ? years (1584–?) | |
| Nakhichevan | Nahçivan | 1 year (1603 only) | possibly never separate from Yerevan[2] |
| Poti | Faş | ? years (1579–?) | may have also been another name for Trabzon |
| Sanaa | San'a | 2 years (1567–1569) | temporary division of Yemen |
| Shemakha | Şamahı | 1 year (1583 only) | may have also been another name for Shervan |
| Szigetvár | Zigetvar | 4 years (1596–1600) | later transferred to Kanizsa |
| Shervan | Şirvan | 26 years (1578–1604) | overseen by a serdar [chief] rather than a beylerbeyi |
| Tabriz | Tebriz | 18 years (1585–1603) | |
| Tiflis | Tiflis | 08 years (1578–1586) | probably replaced by Gori after 1586 |
| Wallachia | Eflak | 2 months (September–October 1595) | the rest of the time Wallachia was a separate autonomous principality |
| Yerevan | Erivan | 21 years (1583–1604) | sometimes also included Van |
| Zabid | Zebit | 2 years (1567–1569) | temporary division of Yemen |
| Habesh | Habeş | 313 years (1554–1867) | Included areas on both sides of the Red Sea. Also called "Mecca and Medina" |
| Adana | آضنه Ażana (Adana) | 257 years (1608–1865) | |
| Archipelago | جزایر بحر سفید Cezayir-i Bahr-i Sefid | 329 years (1535–1864) | Domain of the Kapudan Pasha (Lord Admiral); Also called Denizi or Denizli, later Vilayet of the Archipelago |
| Aleppo | حلب Ḥaleb (Halep) | 330 years (1534–1864) | |
| Algiers | جزایر غرب Cezâyîr-i Ġarb (Cezayir Garp, Cezayir) | 313 years (1517–1830) | |
| Anatolia | Anadolu | 448 years (1393–1841) | Second Eyalet |
| Baghdad | بغداد Baġdâd (Bağdat) | 326 years (1535–1861) | Until the Treaty of Zuhab (1639), Ottoman rule was not consolidated. |
| Basra | بصره Baṣra (Basra) | 324 years (1538–1862) | |
| Bosnia | Bosna | 284 years (1580–1864) | |
| Budin | Budin | 145 years (1541–1686) | |
| Kıbrıs | قبرص Ḳıbrıṣ (Kıbrıs) | 092 years (1571-1660; 1745-1748) | |
| Diyarbekir | دیار بكر Diyârbekir (Diyarbakır) | 305 years (1541–1846) | |
| Eger | اكر Egir (Eğri) | 065 years (1596–1661) | |
| Egypt | مصر Mıṣır (Mısır) | 350 years (1517–1867) | |
| Erzurum | Erzurum | 334 years (1533–1867) | |
| Al-Hasa | Lahsa | 110 years (1560–1670) | Seldom directly ruled |
| Kefe (Theodosia) | كفه Kefe | 206 years (1568–1774) | |
| Kanizsa | Kanije | 086 years (1600–1686) | |
| Karaman | Karaman | 381 years (1483–1864) | |
| Kars | Kars | 295 years (1580–1875) | Until the Treaty of Zuhab (1639), Ottoman rule was not consolidated. Bounded to Erzurum Eyalet in 1875. |
| Dulkadir | Maraş, Dulkadır | 342 years (1522–1864) | |
| Mosul | Musul | 329 years (1535–1864) | Until the Treaty of Zuhab (1639), Ottoman rule was not consolidated. |
| Ar-Raqqah | Rakka | 278 years (1586–1864) | |
| Rumelia | Rumeli | 502 years (1365–1867) | First Eyalet |
| Childir | Çıldır | 267 years (1578–1845) | Also called Meskheti, later possibly coextensive with Akhaltsikhe (Ahıska) Province. Most of eyalet passed to Russia in 1829. Remained parts of eyalet bounded to Erzurum in 1845. |
| Shahrizor | Şehrizor | 132 years (1554–1686) | Also Shahrizor, Sheherizul, or Kirkuk. In 1830, this eyalet bounded to Mosul province as Kirkuk sanjak. |
| Silistria | Silistre | 271 years (1593–1864) | Later sometimes called Ochakiv (Özi); First beylerbeyi was the Crimean khan |
| Sivas | Sivas | 466 years (1398–1864) | |
| Syria | شام Şam | 348 years (1517–1865) | |
| Temeşvar | Tımışvar (Temeşvar) | 164 years (1552–1716) | |
| Trebizond, Lazistan | Trabzon | 403 years (1461–1864) | |
| Tripoli (Tripoli-in-the-East) | طرابلس شام Trablus-ı Şam (Trablusşam) | 285 years (1579–1864) | |
| Tripolitania (Tripoli-in-the-West) | طرابلس غرب Trablus-ı Garb (Trablusgarp) | 313 years (1551–1864) | |
| Tunis | Tunus | 340 years (1524–1864) | |
| Van | وان Van | 316 years (1548–1864) | |
| Yemen | یمن Yemen | 142 years (1517–1636; 1849–1872) | |
| Crete | Girid | 198 years (1669–1867) | |
| Morea | Mora | 181 years (1620–1687) and (1715–1829) | originally part of Aegean Archipelago Province |
| Podolia | Podolya | 27 years (1672–1699) | overseen by several serdars (marshals) rather than by beylerbeyi (governors) |
| Sidon | Sayda | 181 years (1660–1841) | |
| Uyvar | Uyvar | 22 years (1663–1685) | |
| Varad | Varad | 31 years (1661–1692) | |
| Monastir | Manastır | 38 years (1826–1864) | |
| Salonica | Selanik | 38 years (1826–1864) | |
| Aidin | Aydın | 38 years (1826–1864) | |
| Ankara | Ankara | 37 years (1827–1864) | |
| Kastamonu | Kastamonu | 37 years (1827–1864) | |
| Herzegovina | Hersek | 18 years (1833–1851) | |
| Hüdavendigâr | Hüdavendigâr | 26 years (1841–1867) | |
| Karasi | Karesi | 2 years (1845–1847) | |
| Niš | Niş | 18 years (1846–1864) | |
| Kurdistan | Kurdistan | 21 years (1846–1867)[3] | |
| Vidin | Vidin | 18 years (1846–1864) |
References
[change | change source]- ↑ V. L. Menage (1988): "The Ottomans and Nubia in the sixteenth century". Annales Islamologiques 24. pp.152-153.
- ↑ D. E. Pitcher (1972). An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire: From Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century. Brill Archive. pp. 128–29. Retrieved 2013-06-02.
- ↑ Aydın, Suavi; Verheij, Jelle (2012). Jongerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle (eds.). Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915. Brill. p. 18. ISBN 9789004225183.