Flora Australije — разлика између измена
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Верзија на датум 16. децембар 2023. у 07:48
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The flora of Australia comprises a vast assemblage of plant species estimated to over 21,000 vascular and 14,000 non-vascular plants, 250,000 species of fungi and over 3,000 lichens. The flora has strong affinities with the flora of Gondwana, and below the family level has a highly endemic angiosperm flora whose diversity was shaped by the effects of continental drift and climate change since the Cretaceous. Prominent features of the Australian flora are adaptations to aridity and fire which include scleromorphy and serotiny. These adaptations are common in species from the large and well-known families Proteaceae (Banksia), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus - gum trees), and Fabaceae (Acacia - wattle).
The arrival of humans around 50,000 years ago[2][3] and the settlement by Europeans from 1788, has had a significant impact on the flora. The use of fire-stick farming by Aboriginal people led to significant changes in the distribution of plant species over time, and the large-scale modification or destruction of vegetation for agriculture and urban development since 1788 has altered the composition of most terrestrial ecosystems, leading to the extinction of 61 plant species by 2006, and endangering over 1000 more.
Reference
- ^ Crisp, Michael D.; Burrows, Geoffrey E.; Cook, Lyn G.; Thornhill, Andrew H.; Bowman, David M. J. S. (фебруар 2011). „Flammable biomes dominated by eucalypts originated at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary”. Nature Communications. 2: 193. Bibcode:2011NatCo...2..193C. PMID 21326225. doi:10.1038/ncomms1191 .
- ^ Rasmussen, M; et al. (2011). „An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia”. Science. 334 (6052): 94—98. Bibcode:2011Sci...334...94R. PMC 3991479 . PMID 21940856. doi:10.1126/science.1211177.
- ^ Josephine Flood (2004) Archaeology of the Dreamtime, J.B Publishing, Marleston p. 283 ISBN 1-876622-50-4
Literatura
- Thiele, K. R. and Adams, A. G. eds. 2002. Families of flowering plants of Australia. ABRS/CSIRO Publishing ISBN 0-643-06721-3
- Smith, J. M. B. ed 1982. A history of Australasian vegetation. McGraw Hill ISBN 0-07-072953-0
- Orchard, A. E. ed. 1999. Flora of Australia - Volume 1, 2nd edition. ABRS/CSIRO ISBN 0-643-05965-2
Spoljašnje veze
- Flora of Australia online Архивирано 2021-10-24 на сајту Wayback Machine
- National Vegetation Information System
- Flora of Australia (a newer resource)
- Flora of Australia Online Архивирано 2021-10-24 на сајту Wayback Machine
- Australia's Virtual Herbarium
- What's its name? A database for the Australian Plant Name Index
- Census of Freshwater Algae in Australia
- Australian Marine Algal Name Index
- Australian National Botanic Gardens Fungi Web Site
- Prehistoric Life - Plant Fossils of Australia Архивирано 2009-05-19 на сајту Wayback Machine Museum Victoria
- ASGAP - Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants