Istorija hinduizma

Istorija hinduizma označava široku paletu srodnih religijskih tradicija koje su poreklom sa Indijskog potkontinenta. Njegova istorija preklapa se ili se podudara sa razvojem religije na indijskom potkontinentu još od gvozdenog doba, a neke od njenih tradicija sežu i do praistorijskih religija, poput civilizacije doline Inda iz bronzanog doba. Hinduizam se naziva „najstarijom religijom” na svetu. Učenjaci hinduizam smatraju sintezom različitih indijskih kultura i tradicija, sa različitim korenima i bez pojedinačnog osnivača.

Istorija hinduizma često se deli na periode razvoja. Prvo razdoblje je pred-vedsko razdoblje, koje uključuje civilizaciju doline Inda i lokalne praistorijske religije, koje se završava oko 1750. godine pre nove ere. Ovaj period je sledio u severnoj Indiji vedski period, gde je došlo do uvođenja istorijske vedske religije sa indoarijskim migracijama, počevši negde između 1900. godine p. n. e. do 1400. godine p. n. e.. Sledeći period, između 800. godine p. n. e. i 200 godina pne, je „prekretnica između vedske religije i hinduističkih religija”, i formativnog perioda za hinduizam, đainizam i budizam. Epski i rani puranski period, od c. 200. p. n. e. do 500. godine, osvedočio je klasično „zlatno doba” hinduizma (oko 320-650), koje se poklapa sa carstvom Gupta. U ovom periodu se razvilo šest grana hinduističke filozofije, a to su samkja, joga, njaja, vajšešika, mimamsa i vedanta. Monoteističke sekte poput šivizma i višnuzma razvile su se tokom istog perioda kroz pokret Bakti. Period od otprilike 650. do 1100. godine formira kasni klasični period ili rani srednji vek, u kome je uspostavljen klasični puranski hinduizam, i Adi Šankarin, advajta vedanta, koji je budističku misao ugradio u vedantu, obeležavajući prelazak sa realistične na idealističku misao.

Hinduizam pod i hinduističkim i islamskim vladarima od c. 1200 do 1750, videli su sve veću istaknutost pokreta bakti, koji i danas ostaje uticajan. U kolonijalnom periodu došlo je do pojave različitih hinduističkih reformskih pokreta, delom inspirisanih zapadnim pokretima, kao što su unitarijanstvo i teozofija. Podela Indije 1947. godine odvijala se prema verskim linijama, pri čemu je Republika Indija nastala sa hinduističkom većinom. Tokom 20. veka, zbog indijske dijaspore, hinduističke manjine su se formirale na svim kontinentima, a najveće zajednice po apsolutnom broju su u Sjedinjenim Državama i Velikoj Britaniji.

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• White, David Gordon (2006), Kiss of the Yogini: "Tantric Sex" in its South Asian Contexts, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780226027838 
• Wink, Andre (1991), Al-Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1, Brill Academic, ISBN 978-9004095090 
• Witzel, Michael (1995), „Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state” (PDF), Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, 1 (4): 1—26, Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 11. 6. 2007. г. 
• Zimmer, Heinrich (1951), Philosophies of India, Princeton University Press 
• Majumdar, R. C.; H. C. Raychauduri; Kaukinkar Datta (1960), An Advanced History of India, Great Britain: Macmillan and Company Limited, ISBN 0-333-90298-X, Архивирано из оригинала 6. 2. 2009. г., Приступљено 22. 10. 2017 
• Benjamin Walker Hindu World: An Encyclopaedic Survey of Hinduism, (Two Volumes), Allen & Unwin, London, 1968; Praeger, New York, 1968; Munshiram Manohar Lal, New Delhi, 1983; Harper Collins, New Delhi, 1985; Rupa, New Delhi, (2005) ISBN 81-291-0670-1.
• Basham, A. L. (1967), The Wonder That was India 

Spoljašnje veze

• Encyclopedia of Authentic Hinduism
• History of Hinduism on MSN Encarta encyclopaedia( Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (29. октобар 2009) 2009-10-31)
• Hinduism in Modern Times
• Timeline of Hinduism and its offshoots Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (12. март 2013)