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Karl Rodžers

С Википедије, слободне енциклопедије
Karl Rodžers
Karl Rodžers
Druga imenaCarl Rogers
Datum rođenja(1902-01-08)8. januar 1902.
Mesto rođenjaOak Park, Illinois
 SAD
Datum smrti4. februar 1987.(1987-02-04) (85 god.)
Mesto smrtiSan Dijego, Kalifornija
 SAD
PrebivališteSAD
Državljanstvoameričko
DelovanjePsihologija

Karl Ransom Rodžers (8. januar 1902 – 4. februar 1987) bio je američki psiholog i jedan od osnivača humanističkog pristupa (ili pristupa usredsređenog na klijenta) psihologiji. Rodžers se smatra jednim od osnivača psihoterapijskog istraživanja, a za svoja pionirska istraživanja počastvovan je nagradom za izuzetni naučni doprinos Američkog psihološkog udruženja (APA) 1956. godine.

Gledište nedirektivne terapije, njegov jedinstveni pristup razumevanju ličnosti i ljudskih odnosa, našlo je široku primenu u raznim domenima, kao što su psihoterapija i savetovanje (terapija orijentisana na klijenta), obrazovanje (nastava usmerena na studenta), organizacije i druge grupe.[1] Za njegov profesionalni rad, APA mu je dodelila nagradu za istaknuti profesionalni doprinos psihologiji 1972. godine. U studiji Stivena Dž. Hagbluma i njegovih kolega koji su koristili šest kriterijuma kao što su citati i priznanja, Rodžers je proglašen za šestog najeminentnijeg psihologa 20. veka, i drugog među kliničarima,[2] neposredno iza Sigmunda Frojda.[3] Na osnovu ankete iz 1982. od 422 ispitanika američkih i kanadskih psihologa, smatran je najuticajnijim psihoterapeutom u istoriji (Frojd je bio na trećem mestu).[4]

Biografija

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Rodžers je rođen 8. januara 1902, u Ouk Parku u Ilinoisu, predgrađu Čikaga. Njegov otac, Volter A. Rodžers, bio je građevinski inženjer, kongregacionalista po denominaciji. Njegova majka, Džulija M. Kušing,[5][6] bila je domaćica i posvećena baptiskinja. Karl je bio četvrto od šestoro dece.[7]

Rodžers je bio bistro dete i mogao je da čita dugo vremena pre vrtića. Nakon školovanja u strogom religioznom i etičkom okruženju kao oltarski dečak u internatu Džimpli, postao je prilično izolovana, nezavisna i disciplinovana osoba, te je stekao znanje i razvio uvažavanje za naučnu metodu u praktičnom svetu. Njegov prvi izbor karijere bila je poljoprivreda, na Univerzitetu Viskonsin-Madison, gde je bio deo bratstva Alfa Kapa Lambda, tome je sledila istorija, a zatim religija. Sa 20 godina, nakon njegovog putovanja u Peking u Kini, na međunarodnu hrišćansku konferenciju 1922. godine, počeo je da sumnja u svoja verska uverenja. Tokom perioda u kome je razmatrao svoj izbor karijere, on je prisustvovao seminaru pod nazivom „Zašto ulazim u svešteničku službu?”, nakon čega je odlučio da promeni kurs svoje karijere. Godine 1924, on je diplomirao na Univerzitetu u Viskonsinu i upisao se na Junion teološko semenište u Njujork Sitiju. Kasnije je postao ateista.[8] Iako je na početku njegove karijere smatran ateistom, Rodžers je u kasnijim godinama kvalifikovan kao agnostik. Tokom njegovog kasnijeg perioda on je isto tako često govorio o duhovnosti. Torn, koji je poznavao Rodžersa i radio sa njim u više navrata tokom njegovih poslednjih deset godina, piše da ga je „u kasnijim godinama otvorenost za iskustvo primorala da prizna postojanje dimenzije kojoj je pridodao mistično svojstvo, spiritualnost i transcendentalnst.”[9] Rodžers je zaključio da postoji područje „izvan” naučne psihologije, carstvo koje je on veličao kao „neopisivo, duhovno”.[10]

Teorija

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Rodžersova teorija sopstva se smatra humanističkom, egzistencijalnom i fenomenološkom.[11] Direktno se zasniva na teoriji ličnosti „fenomenskog polja” Kombsa i Snajga (1949).[12] Rodžersova razrada njegove teorije je opsežna. O tome je napisao 16 knjiga i još mnogo članaka u časopisima. Pro;aska i Norkros (2003) navode da je Rogers „dosledno zastupao empirijsku evaluaciju psihoterapije. On i njegovi sledbenici su pokazali da humanistički pristup sprovođenju terapije i naučni pristup proceni terapije ne moraju da budu nekompatibilni“.

Izabrani radovi Karla Rodžersa

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  • Rogers, Carl, and Carmichael, Leonard (1939). The Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child. Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Rogers, Carl. (1942). Counseling and Psychotherapy: Newer Concepts in Practice. Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Rogers, Carl. (1951). Client-Centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. London: Constable. ISBN 1-84119-840-4.
  • Rogers, C.R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 21: 95-103.
  • Rogers, Carl. (1959). A Theory of Therapy, Personality and Interpersonal Relationships as Developed in the Client-centered Framework. In (ed.) S. Koch, Psychology: A Study of a Science. Vol. 3: Formulations of the Person and the Social Context. New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Rogers, Carl. (1961). On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy. London: Constable. ISBN 1-84529-057-7.Excerpts
  • Rogers, Carl. (1969). Freedom to Learn: A View of What Education Might Become. (1st ed.) Columbus, Ohio: Charles Merill. Excerpts
  • Rogers, Carl. (1970). On Encounter Groups. New York: Harrow Books, Harper and Row, ISBN 0-06-087045-1
  • Rogers, Carl. (1977). On Personal Power: Inner Strength and Its Revolutionary Impact.
  • Rogers, Carl. (nd, @1978). A personal message from Carl Rogers. In: N. J. Raskin. (2004). Contributions to Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach. (pp. v-vi). Herefordshire, United Kingdom: PCCS Books, Ross-on-the-Wye. ISBN 1-898059-57-8
  • Rogers, Carl. (1980). A Way of Being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Rogers, Carl. and Stevens, B. (1967). Person to Person: The Problem of Being Human. Lafayette, CA: Real People Press.
  • Rogers, Carl, Lyon, Harold C., & Tausch, Reinhard (2013) On Becoming an Effective Teacher—Person-centered Teaching, Psychology, Philosophy, and Dialogues with Carl R. Rogers and Harold Lyon. London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-81698-4
  • Rogers, C.R., Raskin, N.J., et al. (1949). A coordinated research in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 13, 149-200. Cited in: N.J. Raskin, The first 50 years and the next 10. Person-Centered Review, 5(4), November 1990, 364-372.

Vidi još

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Reference

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  1. ^ Rogers, Carl (1942). Counseling and Psychotherapy: Newer Concepts in Practice. Boston, Massachusetts/New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-1-4067-6087-3. OCLC 165705. 
  2. ^ Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Powell, John L. (mart 2003). „'The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century': Correction to Haggbloom et al (2002)”. Review of General Psychology (на језику: енглески). 7 (1): 37. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.7.1.37. 
  3. ^ Haggbloom, S.J.; et al. (2002). „The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century” (PDF). Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139—152. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.586.1913 Слободан приступ. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 23. 07. 2015. г. Приступљено 26. 04. 2020.  Haggbloom et al. combined three quantitative variables: citations in professional journals, citations in textbooks, and nominations in a survey given to members of the Association for Psychological Science, with three qualitative variables (converted to quantitative scores): National Academy of Science (NAS) membership, American Psychological Association (APA) President and/or recipient of the APA Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award, and surname used as an eponym. Then the list was rank ordered.
  4. ^ Smith, D. (1982). „Trends in counseling and psychotherapy”. American Psychologist. 37 (7): 802—809. PMID 7137698. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.7.802. 
  5. ^ Cushing, James Stevenson (1905). The genealogy of the Cushing family, an account of the ancestors and descendants of Matthew Cushing, who came to America in 1638. Montreal: The Perrault printing co. стр. 380. LCCN 06032460. 
  6. ^ „California Death Index, 1940-1997”. Ancestry.com. Приступљено 19. 4. 2010. Rogers' mother's maiden name is Cushing. 
  7. ^ „1910 United States Federal Census”. Ancestry.com. Приступљено 19. 4. 2010. Oak Park, Cook, Illinois; Roll T624_239; Page: 2B; Enumeration District: 70; Image: 703. Carl is fourth of six children of Walter A. and Julia M. Rogers. 
  8. ^ Michael Martin (2007). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge University Press. p. 310. ISBN 9780521842709. "Among celebrity atheists with much biographical data, we find leading psychologists and psychoanalysts. We could provide a long list, including...Carl R. Rogers..."
  9. ^ Thorne, Brian. Carl Rogers. Sage, 2003, pg IX
  10. ^ Kramer, Robert (1995). „The Birth of Client-Centered Therapy: Carl Rogers, Otto Rank, and" The Beyond”. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 35 (4): 54—110. 
  11. ^ Dagmar Pescitelli, An Analysis of Carl Rogers' Theory of Personality Архивирано 2017-01-13 на сајту Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Snygg, Donald and Combs, Arthur W. (1949), Individual Behavior: A New Frame of Reference for Psychology. New York, Harper & Brothers. Article on Snygg and Combs' "Phenomenal Field" Theory

Literatura

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  • Cornelius-White, J. H. D. (2007). Learner-centered teacher-student relationships are effective: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 77 (1), 113-143.
  • Raskin, N. (2004). Contributions to Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach. Herefordshire, Ross-on-the-Rye, UK: PCCS Books.
  • Farber, Barry A. The psychotherapy of Carl Rogers: cases and commentary (Guilford Press 1998).
  • Hall, C.S. & Linzey, G. (1957). Rogers self-theory. "Theories of Personality". (pp. 515–551). NY; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Thorne, Brian (1992). Carl Rogers—Key Figures in Counselling and Psychotherapy series. Sage publications. .
  • Rogers, Carl, Lyon, Harold C., & Tausch, Reinhard (2013) On Becoming an Effective Teacher—Person-centered Teaching, Psychology, Philosophy, and Dialogues with Carl R. Rogers and Harold Lyon. London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-81698-4
  • Mearns and Thorne, Person Centred Counselling in Action (Sage 1999)
  • Arnold, Kyle (2014). „Behind the Mirror: Reflective Listening and its Tain in the Work of Carl Rogers” (PDF). The Humanistic Psychologist. 42 (4): 354—369. doi:10.1080/08873267.2014.913247. 
  • Bruno, Frank J. (1977). Client-Centered Counseling: Becoming a Person. In Human Adjustment and Personal Growth: Seven Pathways, pp. 362–370. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cooper, M., O'Hara, M, Schmid, P., and Wyatt, G. (2007). The Handbook of person-centered psychotherapy and counseling. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Rogers, Carl (1961). On Becoming a Person ISBN 0-395-75531-X
  • Rogers, C (1957). „The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change”. Journal of Consulting Psychology. 21 (2): 95—103. PMID 13416422. doi:10.1037/h0045357. 
  • Rogers, Carl. (1959). A Theory of Therapy, Personality and Interpersonal Relationships as Developed in the Client-centered Framework. In (ed.) S. Koch, Psychology: A Study of a Science. Vol. 3: Formulations of the Person and the Social Context. New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Rogers, Carl (1980). A Way of Being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
  • Poyrazli, S. (2003). „Validity of Rogerian Therapy in Turkish Culture: A Cross-Cultural Perspective”. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development. 42 (1): 107—115. doi:10.1002/j.2164-490x.2003.tb00172.x. 
  • Rogers, Carl (1951). "Client-Centered Therapy" Cambridge Massachusetts: The Riverside Press.
  • Rogers, Carl, Lyon, HC, Tausch, R. (2013). On Becoming an Effective Teacher – Person-centered teaching, Psychology, Philosophy, and Dialogues with Carl R. Rogers and Harold Lyon. London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-81698-4: http://www.routledge.com/9780415816984/ Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (22. јануар 2020)
  • J.S., Armstrong (2012). „Natural Learning in Higher Education”. Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Heidelberg: Springer. 
  • Hoidn, S. (2017). Student-Centered Learning Environments in Higher Education Classrooms. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. 
  • Kember, David (2009). „Promoting student-centred forms of learning across an entire university”. Higher Education. 58 (1): 1—13. doi:10.1007/s10734-008-9177-6. 

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