Gondéwa

Gondéwa nyaéta hiji pakakas paranti mentangkeun jamparing, dijieun tina awi, kai, atawa campuran kai jeung awi,^[1]. Gondéwa kudu kuat, hampang jeung liat, baheula dijieun tina awi atawa kai, bahan kai dipaké palebah panyepengan sangkan kuat narima pangaruh mangsana tali dibatek, sedengkeun awi mibanda sipat leleus liat henteu babari potong mangsana tali dibatek tur bisa balik deui kawas sasari. Kiwari gondéwa geus dijieun tina bahan anu leuwih kuat jeung hampang saperti bahan campuran/komposit fiberglass jeung kai, fiberglass jeung awi, jeung bahan séjéna anu leuwih hadé.^[2]

Pedaran

Sangkan jamparing ngabelesat, tungtung gondéwa luhur jeung handap dipasang tali anu liat tur ngenyod dibeungkeut dina unggal tungtungna, mangsana dipaké ieu tali dibetot katukang sedengkeun gondéwa ditahan, mangsa dibatek téh tali méréan kitu ogé gondéwana ogé milu melenoy/melengkung ieu kaayaan baris méré tanaga jeung awahan pikeun mentangkeun jamparing/panah anu diperenahkeun dina tengah-tengah luhureun talina, mangsana tali dileupaskeun deui, gondéwa jeung tali balik deui^[3] . Dina waktu anu sarua jamparing melesat kasurungkeun ku tanaga tina tali jeung gondéwa anu balik deui.^[4]

Tali (senar) anu dipaké pikeun mentangkeun jampaing/panah kudu kuat jeung ngenyod, hampang, henteu nyerep cai, jeung henteu tihiangan.^[5] bahan-bahan tradisional pikeun nyieun tali umpamana: linen, rami, ramat tina tatangkalan, urat/otot, sutra, jeung kulit sasatoan, anu pang alusna dijieun tina urat/otot lantaran leuwih tahan ku cai ^[6]

Sajarah

Gondéwa jeung jamparingna mangrupa hiji pakarang anu geus kacida heubeulna dimangpaatkeun, dumasar kana panalungtikan sahenteuna kapanggih dina titinggalna mangsa Paleolitik nepika mangsa Mesolithic. Tempatna di Nataruk, Turkana County, di Kenya , jamparing anu seseukeutna tina batu obsidian kapanggih dina jéro tangkorak aya ogé anu nanceb dina dada^[7] . ti saprak harita Gondewa jeung jamparing geus digunakeun meh di sakuliah dunya kajaba, Australia .^[8]

Gambar keur mentangkeun gondéwa
Gondéwa keur dipaké
Tali/senar gondéwa
Gondéwa disarandékeun dina tangkal
Gondéwah dipaké pakarang
Gondéwa kiwari dipaké pakakas olah raga
Gondéwa basajan tina awi

Dicutat tina

↑ Tali busur gondéwa
↑
* (1992) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 1. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-085-3
- (1992) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 2. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-086-1
- (1994) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 3. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-087-X
↑ Gondewah paranti mentangkeun jamparing
↑ Paterson Encyclopaedia of Archery p. 56
↑ Design and Construction of Flight Bows - a supplement to "The Design and Construction of Composite Recurve Bows" by John Clark. Ausbow Industries, not dated
↑ Long Chin was an old warrior. He had been in many fights and had had much experience... (He) told the young men... "if a Pawnee is armed only with a bow and arrows, do not fear him. Last night their bows and arrows got wet and the bowstrings will stretch and break when they pull on them. Now let us go." The Fighting Cheyennes. George Bird Grinnell. New York Charles Scribner's Sons, 1915 http://ia311341.us.archive.org/3/items/fightingcheyenne00lcgrin/fightingcheyenne00lcgrin.pdf
↑ Lahr, M. Mirazón; Rivera, F.; Power, R. K.; Mounier, A.; Copsey, B.; Crivellaro, F.; Edung, J. E.; Fernandez, J. M. Maillo et al. "Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya". Nature 529 (7586): 394–398. doi:10.1038/nature16477. http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature16477.
↑ M. H. Monroe, Aboriginal Weapons and Tools "The favoured weapon of the Aborigines was the spear and spear thrower. The fact that they never adopted the bow and arrow has been debated for a long time. During post-glacial times the bow and arrow were being used in every inhabited part of the world except Australia. A number of reasons for this have been put forward [...] Captain Cook saw the bow and arrow being used on an island close to the mainland at Cape York, as it was in the Torres Strait islands and New Guinea. But the Aborigines preferred the spear. "

Tutumbu kaluar

Artikel ieu mangrupa taratas, perlu disampurnakeun. Upami sadérék uninga langkung paos perkawis ieu, dihaturan kanggo ngalengkepan.

[1] Tali busur gondéwa

[TBB-2] * (1992) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 1. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-085-3
(1992) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 2. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-086-1

(1994) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 3. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-087-X

[3] (1992) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 2. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-086-1

[4] (1994) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 3. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-087-X

[3] Gondewah paranti mentangkeun jamparing

[Paterson56-4] Paterson Encyclopaedia of Archery p. 56

[5] Design and Construction of Flight Bows - a supplement to "The Design and Construction of Composite Recurve Bows" by John Clark. Ausbow Industries, not dated

[6] Long Chin was an old warrior. He had been in many fights and had had much experience... (He) told the young men... "if a Pawnee is armed only with a bow and arrows, do not fear him. Last night their bows and arrows got wet and the bowstrings will stretch and break when they pull on them. Now let us go." The Fighting Cheyennes. George Bird Grinnell. New York Charles Scribner's Sons, 1915 http://ia311341.us.archive.org/3/items/fightingcheyenne00lcgrin/fightingcheyenne00lcgrin.pdf

[7] Lahr, M. Mirazón; Rivera, F.; Power, R. K.; Mounier, A.; Copsey, B.; Crivellaro, F.; Edung, J. E.; Fernandez, J. M. Maillo et al. "Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya". Nature 529 (7586): 394–398. doi:10.1038/nature16477. http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature16477.

[8] M. H. Monroe, Aboriginal Weapons and Tools "The favoured weapon of the Aborigines was the spear and spear thrower. The fact that they never adopted the bow and arrow has been debated for a long time. During post-glacial times the bow and arrow were being used in every inhabited part of the world except Australia. A number of reasons for this have been put forward [...] Captain Cook saw the bow and arrow being used on an island close to the mainland at Cape York, as it was in the Torres Strait islands and New Guinea. But the Aborigines preferred the spear. "

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]