Astronomiska symboler är symboler som används för att representera olika objekt på himlen, teoretiska konstruktioner och observerbara händelser inom astronomin . Symbolerna som listas här används av både professionella astronomer och amatörastronomer. Många av symbolerna används även inom astrologin .
Namn
Symbol
Unicode
Månen
[ 7] [ 8] [ 9] ☽ —
U+263D
[ 8] [ 9] ☾ —
U+263E
Nymåne
[ 8] [ 9] 🌑︎ 🌑 U+1F311
Växande skära
🌒︎ 🌒 U+1F312
Växande halvmåne
🌓︎ 🌓 U+1F313
Växande måne
🌔︎ 🌔 U+1F314
Fullmåne
[ 8] [ 9] 🌕︎ 🌕 U+1F315
Avtagande måne
🌖︎ 🌖 U+1F316
Avtagande halvmåne
🌗︎ 🌗 U+1F317
Avtagande skära
🌘︎ 🌘 U+1F318
Månskära utan specifikation
🌙︎ 🌙 U+1F319
Nymåne med ansikte
[ 5] [ 10] [ 11] 🌚︎ 🌚 U+1F31A
Växande skära med ansikte
[ 5] [ 10] [ 11] 🌛︎ 🌛 U+1F31B
Avtagande skära med ansikte
[ 5] [ 10] [ 11] 🌜︎ 🌜 U+1F31C
Fullmåne med ansikte
[ 5] [ 10] [ 11] 🌝︎ 🌝 U+1F31D
^ [a b c d e f g h i ”Planet Symbols” . NASA. Arkiverad från originalet den 17 mars 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100317223147/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=167 . Läst 4 mars 2010 .
^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l Cox, Arthur (2001). Allen's astrophysical quantities ISBN 978-0-387-95189-8 .
^ [a b c d e f g h i j k Hilton, James L. (14 juni 2011). ”When Did the asteroids Become Minor Planets?” . Arkiverad från originalet den 10 augusti 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180810175312/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php . Läst 24 april 2013 .
^ Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H. B. (1987). Greek Horoscopes ISBN 978-0-8357-0314-7 . ^ [a b c d e Frey, A. (1857). Nouveau manuel complet de typographie contenant les principes théoriques et pratiques de cet art . https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq_DT8yrnn4C&pg=PA379 .
^ Éphémérides des mouvemens célestes . https://books.google.com/books?id=gJAAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR34 . ^ The Penny cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge . https://books.google.com/books?id=rJhOFg1yiqUC&pg=PA197 . ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n The Encyclopedia Americana: a library of universal knowledge . https://archive.org/stream/encyclopediaame01unkngoog#page/n202/mode/2up . Läst 24 mars 2011 .
^ [a b c d e f g h i Putnam, Edmund Whitman (1914). The essence of astronomy: things every one should know about the sun, moon, and stars . https://books.google.com/books?id=xlE6AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA197 .
^ [a b c d Almanach de Gotha . https://books.google.com/books?id=P4nluPY9-P8C&pg=RA1-PR2 .
^ [a b c d (Firm), Hachette (1908). Almanach Hachette . https://books.google.com/books?id=wi4bAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA8 .
^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mattison, Hiram (1872). High-School Astronomy . https://books.google.com/books?id=XksAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32 .
^ Bode, J. E. (1784). Von dem neu entdeckten Planeten Bibcode : 1784vdne.book.....B . https://books.google.com/books?id=ZqA5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA95 . ^ Gould, B. A. (1850). Report on the history of the discovery of Neptune . https://books.google.com/books?id=uyANAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA5 . ^ Schumacher, H. C. (1846). ”Name des Neuen Planeten” . Astronomische Nachrichten 25 (6): sid. 81–82. doi :10.1002/asna.18470250603 Bibcode : 1846AN.....25...81L . https://books.google.com/books?id=wlc_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA81 . ^ [a b c d ”Symbols for large trans-Neptunian objects” . Symbols for large trans-Neptunian objects . http://www.suberic.net/~dmm/astro/tno.html .
^ [a b c d JPL/NASA (2015-04-22). ”What is a Dwarf Planet?” . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet .
^ [a b Faulks, David (2006-05-09). ”Proposal to add some Western Astrology Symbols to the UCS” . Proposal to add some Western Astrology Symbols to the UCS . https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06171-astroprop.pdf . ”In general, only the signs for Vesta have enough variance to be regarded as different designs. However, all of these Vesta symbols ... are differing designs for 'the hearth and flame of the temple of the Goddess Vesta' in Rome, and can thus be regarded as extreme variants of a single symbol.”
^ [a b c d Faulks, David (2016-05-28). ”L2/16-080: Additional Symbols for Astrology” . L2/16-080: Additional Symbols for Astrology . https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16080r-add-astrology.pdf .
^ von Zach, Franz Xaver (1802). Monatliche correspondenz zur beförderung der erd- und himmels-kunde, Volume 6
^ von Zach, Franz Xaver (1804). Monatliche correspondenz zur beförderung der erd- und himmels-kunde . https://books.google.com/books?id=vnIEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA471 . ^ Chambers, George Frederick (1877). A handbook of descriptive astronomy ISBN 978-1-108-01475-5 . https://books.google.com/books?id=n8sJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA920 . ^ [a b Olmsted, Dennis (1855). Letters on astronomy . https://books.google.com/books?id=BYoXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA288 .
^ [a b c d e f g h Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names ISBN 978-0-354-06174-2 .
^ von Zach, Franz Xaver (1807). Monatliche correspondenz zur beförderung der erd- und himmels-kunde . https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rw4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA507 . ^ Berlin, Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu; Berlin, KöNiglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu (1845). Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin . https://books.google.com/books?id=ZM8DAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA406 . ”Der Planet hat mit Einwilligung des Entdeckers den Namen Astraea erhalten, und sein Zeichen wird nach dem Wunsche des Hr. Hencke ein umgekehrter Anker sein.” ^ [a b c Wilson, John (1899). A treatise on English punctuation ISBN 978-1-4255-3642-8 . https://books.google.com/books?id=oIICAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302 .
^ Wöchentliche Unterhaltungen für Dilettanten und Freunde der Astronomie, Geographie und Witterungskunde . https://books.google.com/books?id=9AcFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA315 . ^ Hencke, Karl Ludwig (1847). ”Schreiben des Herrn Hencke an den Herausgeber” . Astronomische Nachrichten 26 (610): sid. 155–156. doi :10.1002/asna.18480261007 Bibcode : 1847AN.....26..155H . https://books.google.com/books?id=-qAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA4-PA155 . ^ Austria: Oesterreichischer Universal-Kalender für das gemeine Jahr 1849 . https://books.google.com/books?id=6H0AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR39 . ^ ”Report of the Council to the Twenty-eighth Annual General Meeting” . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 8 (4): sid. 82. 1848. doi :10.1093/mnras/8.4.57 Bibcode : 1848MNRAS...8...82. . https://books.google.com/books?id=GOA3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA82 . ”The symbol adopted for [Iris] is a semicircle to represent the rainbow, with an interior star and a base line for the horizon....The symbol adopted for [Flora's] designation is the figure of a flower.”. ^ [a b c d e f Hind, J. R. (1852). An astronomical vocabulary . https://books.google.com/books?id=_DgDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR5 .
^ [a b de Gasparis, Annibale (1850). ”Letter to Mr. Hind, from Professor Annibale de Gasparis” . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 11: sid. 1. doi :10.1093/mnras/11.1.1a Bibcode : 1850MNRAS..11....1D . https://books.google.com/books?id=_uw3AAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA1 . ”The symbol of Hygeia is a serpent (like a Greek ζ) crowned with a star. That of Parthenope is a fish crowned with a star.”.
^ Luther, R. (1852). ”Beobachtungen der Thetis auf der Bilker Sternwarte” . Astronomische Nachrichten 34 (16): sid. 243–244. doi :10.1002/asna.18520341606 . https://books.google.com/books?id=fWM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243 . ”Herr Director Argelander in Bonn, welcher der hiesigen Sternwarte schon seit längerer Zeit seinen Schutz und Beistand zu Theil werden lässt, hat die Entdeckung des April-Planeten zuerst constatirt und mir bei dieser Gelegenheit dafür den Namen Thetis und das Zeichen [symbol pictured] vorgeschlagen, wodurch der der silberfüssigen Göttinn geheiligte Delphin angedeutet wird. Indem ich mich hiermit einverstanden erkläre, ersuche ich die sämmtlichen Herren Astronomen, diesen Namen und dieses Zeichen annehmen und beibehalten zu wollen.”. ^ Luther, R. (1853). ”Beobachtungen des neuesten Planeten auf der Bilker Sternwarte” . Astronomische Nachrichten 36 (24): sid. 349–350. doi :10.1002/asna.18530362403 Bibcode : 1853AN.....36Q.349. . https://books.google.com/books?id=o2M_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA349 . ^ Encke, J. F. (1854). ”Beobachtung der Bellona, nebst Nachrichten über die Bilker Sternwarte” . Astronomische Nachrichten 38 (9): sid. 143–144. doi :10.1002/asna.18540380907 Bibcode : 1854AN.....38..143. . https://books.google.com/books?id=1mM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA143 . ^ [a b c Webster, Noah; Goodrich, Chauncey Allen (1884). Webster's Complete Dictionary of the English Language . https://books.google.com/books?id=ql4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1780 .
^ Rümker, G. (1855). ”Name und Zeichen des von Herrn R. Luther zu Bilk am 19. April entdeckten Planeten” . Astronomische Nachrichten 40 (24): sid. 373–374. doi :10.1002/asna.18550402405 Bibcode : 1855AN.....40Q.373L . https://books.google.com/books?id=_GM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA59 . ^ Luther, R. (1856). ”Schreiben des Herrn Dr. R. Luther, Directors der Sternwarte zu Bilk, an den Herausgeber” . Astronomische Nachrichten 42 (7): sid. 107–108. doi :10.1002/asna.18550420705 Bibcode : 1855AN.....42..107L . https://books.google.com/books?id=1KEEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA107 . ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l Joyce, Jeremiah (1866). Scientific dialogues for the instruction and entertainment of young people ISBN 978-1-145-49244-8 . https://books.google.com/books?id=h8AAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA109 .
^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m ”Miscellaneous Symbols” . unicode.org . https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2600.pdf .
^ [a b Tupman, G. L. (1877). ”Observations of Comet I 1877” . Astronomische Nachrichten 89 (11): sid. 169–170. doi :10.1002/asna.18770891103 Bibcode : 1877AN.....89..169T . https://books.google.com/books?id=46MEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA169 . Läst 24 mars 2011 .
^ Kirkhill Astronomical Pillar 
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Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Astronomiska symboler.
