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Hip-hop

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Hip hop or hip-hop, gape le rap engwe formilweng e leng disco rap,[1][2] ke genre ya popular music tse originated ka mengwaga ya pele bo 1970s go tloga ka 1940 African American community. Hip-hop music originated jwalo ka anti-drug and anti-violence genre[3] e copanyang di stylized rhythmic music (go tsebega kago mo pele ga drum beats) tse tlang mora di accompanies rapping, rhythmic delivery ya poetic speech.[4] In the early 1990s, a professor of African American studies at Temple University said, "Hip-hop is something that blacks can unequivocally claim as their own."[5] ka 21st century, field ya bo rappers e kereyile diversified ka bobedi ba race le gender. Music developed jwalo ka karolo ya broader hip-hop culture, subculture e fetolwa ke four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching le turntables, breakdancing, gape le graffiti art.[6][7][8] While often used to refer solely to rapping and rap music, "hip hop" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.[9][10] The term hip hop music is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music,[4][11] ma gareng a rapping a se required component ya hip hop music; genre e kano incorporate tse dingwe di elements tsa culture, e tsentsha le DJing, turntablism, scratching, beatboxing, le instrumental tracks.[12][13]

Hip hop ka bobedi musical genre and a culture di formile ka nako ya 1970s, neng bo block parties ba tlileng increasingly popular ko New York City, particularly le bo African American youth e na e bitswang Bronx.[14] Ko block parties, DJs di dletse di percussive le dipina tsa tlwayelo go berekisa pedi ga turntables le DJ mixer to be able to play breaks from two copies of the same record, alternating from one to the other and extending "break".[15] Hip-hop's nakong ya evolution e tlhagile e le sampling technology le drum machines ditle di le available e ne direkega. Turntablist techniques go tshwana le scratching le beatmatching di etsitswe letlhakoreng la the breaks. Rapping e etsitswe jwalo ka vocal style se se tlileng ka di artist tse bolelang kapa chants along rhythmically le instrumental kgotsa synthesized beat.

Hip hop music ne e sa recordiwa go tshameka mo radiong kgotsa mo television go fitlhela ka ngwaga wa 1979, Bogolo ba genre's birth le go tlhoka tumelo gotswa mafelong a mannye a bo makgelwane.[16] Old-school hip hop e ne e le ya mathomo go mainstream wave ya genre, e markilwe ke ba yona disco influence and party-oriented lyrics. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles le spread around the world. New-school hip hop e ne di genre's wave ya bobedi, e markilwe ke electro sound, le golden age hip hop, e yona e innovative nako nyana magareng-(mid)-1980s le mid-1990s eo le yona e etsitswe go ba hip hop's album era. Le gangsta rap subgenre, ntse di lebelletse dintwa tsa inner-city African American youth, di gain'e tsebo nako yona eo. West Coast hip hop E dominatile k G-funk nakong tsa pele ka-mid 1990s, nakong eo East Coast hip hop e dominatiwa ke jazz rap, alternative hip hop, le hardcore hip hop. Hip hop e tsweletse pele ka diversify ka nako ya regional styles emerging, go tshwana le Southern rap gape le Atlanta hip hop. Hip hop e bile e tona tota kago-rekisa genre ko mid-1990s le thekiso e kwa go dimo gara music genre ka 1999.

Amidst ke evolution, hip hop e bile ya tsibiswa gape e bile le koloi bakeng la social commentary le di politic expression, go bontsha ga tshokolo le thabo ya marginalized communities. Gotswa mo medung ya yona ka gare ga the Bronx fitlhetse global gompieno, hip hop.[17]

Notes

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Metswedi

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  1. ↑ Trapp, Erin (July 1, 2005). "The Push and Pull of Hip-Hop: A Social Movement Analysis". American Behavioral Scientist. 48 (11): 1482. doi:10.1177/0002764205277427. ISSN 0002-7642. S2CID 146340783. Much scholarly effort has been devoted to hip-hop (also known as rap) music in the past two decades...
  2. ↑ Leach, Andrew (2008). ""One Day It'll All Make Sense": Hip-Hop and Rap Resources for Music Librarians". Notes. 65 (1): 9–37. doi:10.1353/not.0.0039. ISSN 0027-4380. JSTOR 30163606. S2CID 144572911. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  3. ↑ "News-Press 06 Jul 1984, page Page 43". Newspapers.com (in Sekgoa). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Encyclopædia Britannica article mo rap, retrieved gotswa britannica.com Tempolete:Webarchive: Rap, musical style ka gare go tsedingwe di rhythmic le/kgotsa di rhyming speech di chanted ("rapped") go musical accompaniment. Se ke backing music, se kgonang go tsentsha digital sampling (music le sounds extracted gotswa mo tse dingwe di recordings go bo DJ), ke le sona se bitswa hip-hop, lebitso berekiswa go prefer go broader cultural movement tse kentshang rap, deejaying (turntable manipulation), graffiti painting, le break dancing.
  5. ↑ "The Boston Globe 27 Jul 1992, page 52". Newspapers.com (in Sekgoa). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  6. ↑ Kugelberg, Johan (2007). Born in the Bronx. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7893-1540-3.
  7. ↑ Brown, Lauren (February 18, 2009). "Hip to the Game – Dance World vs. Music Industry, The Battle for Hip Hop's Legacy". Movmnt Magazine. Archived from the original on April 3, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100403235135/http://www.movmnt.com/monsters-of-hip-hop-2_003332.html. 
  8. ↑ Chang, Jeff (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip Hop Generation. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-312-30143-X.
  9. ↑ Harvard Dictionary of Music article for hip hop, retrieved from Google Books Tempolete:Webarchive: While often used to refer to rap music, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture
  10. ↑ AllMusic article for Hip-hop/Urban, retrieved from AllMusic.com: Hip-Hop is the catch-all term for rap and the culture it spawned. Tempolete:Webarchive
  11. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica article on hip-hop, retrieved from britannica.com Tempolete:Webarchive: Hip-hop, cultural movement that attained widespread popularity in the 1980s and '90s; also, the backing music for rap, the musical style incorporating rhythmic and/or rhyming speech that became the movement's most lasting and influential art form.
  12. ↑ "Hip-hop". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Hip-hop". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  14. ↑ Lamotte, Martin (March 2014). "Rebels Without a Pause: Hip-hop and Resistance in the City: Debates and Developments". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (in Sekgoa). 38 (2): 686–694. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12087. Archived from the original on January 31, 2022.
  15. ↑ McNamee, David (January 11, 2010). "Hey, what's that sound: Turntablism". The Guardian. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
  16. ↑ Dyson, Michael Eric, 2007, Know What I Mean?: Reflections on Hip-Hop, Basic Civitas Books, p. 6.
  17. ↑ "In the beginning, there was the Bronx".
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