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Blighia sapida

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Blighia Sapida
taxon
short nameB. sapida Sesa
taxon nameBlighia sapida Sesa
taxon rankspecies Sesa
parent taxonBlighia Sesa
taxon common nameakee, 阿开木, 来吉果, 西非荔枝果, 咸鱼果 Sesa
this taxon is source ofackee Sesa
IUCN conservation statusLeast Concern Sesa
maintained by WikiProjectWikiProject Invasion Biology Sesa
GRIN URLhttps://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=7271 Sesa

Bligha Sapida  anaa Ackee yɛ din a wɔde ma dua bi a ɛso  aba a wɔfrɛ no  ackee wɔ  (Caribbean island) apuieɛ fam. Whɛ  - Melicoccus bijugatus.

Ackee, a yɛsan nso nim no sɛ achi, akee anaa ackee no yɛ aduaba a ɛka Sapindaceae( soapberry) abusuakuo no ho. Ne nhyi ne  Abibrem Atɔeɛ (West Africa).[1] [2]Abɔdeɛ mu Nyansapɛ din a ɛda so no de animuonyamhyɛ ma Captain William Bligh a ɔde aduaba no  firi Jamaica man mu baa beaeɛ a wɔfrɛ hɔ (Royal Botanical Gardens) a ɛwɔ Kew, England abrokyiman mu wɔ afe apem, ahankron ne aduɔson mmeɛnsa(1793).[3]  Wɔnyaa borɔfo din a ɛda so no firii Abibrem Atɔeɛ kasa Akan nsɛmfua "akye fufo " mu.[4]

Ɛwom sɛ firi mmere tenten yenim sɛ Blighia Sapida wɔ awuduro a ano yɛ nam pa ara, [5] nanso, wɔkyerɛ sɛ, aduradeɛ a ɛwɔ n'aba no ho no, sɛ ɛbere na wɔnoa a ɛyɛ dɛ pa ara [6] na ɛno ne su a  Caribia nnuane( Caribbian cuisines) ahodoɔ no nyinaa wɔ.[7] Ackee yɛ aduaba a ɛnyɛ na wɔ Jamaica man mu na wɔnim no sɛ aduane.[8]

Botany

[sesa]

Ackee yɛ ( evergreen) dua a ne nyini mu no, ne tenten tumi yɛ ( 10 metres) a ne sin  no yɛ tiatia.[9]N'ahaban yɛ  paripinnately, compound bɛyɛ 15 centimetres de kɔ 30 centimeters (5.9–11.8 in) na ɛwɔ 6–10 elliptical to oblong nhaban. Ahaban biara tenten yɛ  8–12 centimetres. Nhwren baako biara wɔ petal nnum a n'ahosuo no yɛ ahabsnmono na ɛyɛ hwam.[10]

Aduaba no bɔberɛ te sɛ paya, na ɛwɔ nkyekyɛmu mmiensa  (ɛtaa nya nkyekyɛmu mmienu anaa ɛnan).[11]Sɛ ɛbere a n'ahosuo sesa firi ahaban mono bɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ne akokɔ sradeɛ a adi afra. Emu pae yi mma nteanteaa tuntum mmeɛnsa bi pue a biribi fitaa bi adura ho. Mma no ho aduradeɛ no wɔ nka bi bi a ɛtesɛ adwe.[12]Aduaba no mu duro ankasa yɛ  grams ɔha anaa grams ahaanu. Dua no bɛtumi aso aba afe mu no nyinaa; ɛwom sɛ ne so berɛ ankasa yɛ ɛfiri Ɔpɛpɔn de kɔsi Ɔbɛnem , afei Ahinime de kɔsi Obubuo.[13]

Leaves, upper and lower surface
Leaves, upper and lower surface
Inflorescence
Fruit as it splits upon ripening "smile"
Showing ripe fruit and seeds with their arils
Part of ripe fruit, two seeds with their arils still attached
Ripe seeds with their arils (dorsal view and in longitudinal section)

Wɔn a wɔdua

[sesa]

Yɛwɔ bɛyɛ akuafoɔ  afuanan-nwɔtwe a wɔdua achee a wɔde wɔn agu ( butter) anaa ( Cheese ) kuo no mu. [14]cheese deɛ no ahosuo yɛ akokɔsradeɛ na ɛho yɛ den na ɛdi akotene pa ara  wɔ (canning industry) no mu. ( Butter) kuo no nso ahosuo yɛ akokɔsradeɛ a ɛmu pi. Ɛnni ahoɔden  bebree,  na wɔde yɛ nnuane.[15]

Abakwasɛm ne dwumadie

[sesa]

Wɔkra firii Abibrem  baa Jamaica mfeɛ kakra a ɛdi (1973) anim no mu.[16][17]  Dwuma titiriw a wɔde Achee di ne aduanenoa. Ackee yɛ aduaba a ɛnyɛ na wɔ Jamaica. Na  ackee ne ɛnam a wɔahyɛ no nkhyene ne Jamaicafoɔ aduane titiriw. [18]

Ɔma ackee aduaba no kwan ma ɛpae ansa na wɔayi emu mma no ama awuduro amma mu. Sɛ ɛmu bue a mma no pue. Na wɔde nkyene nsuo anaa meleke  noa ɛho aduradeɛ no. Wɔtumi nso de butter kye [19]Wɔ Karibia aduanenoa mu no, wɔtumi de codfish ne atosodeɛ noa anaasɛ wɔtumi de gu frɔeɛ anaa nkwan mu.[20]

Nnuanennuro a ɛwɔ mu.

[sesa]

Ackee wɔ  carbohydrate, protein ne  fat kakra, a ɛma mma a wom no aduradeɛ no nya nnuane nnuro te sɛ fatty acids – linoleic, palmitic, ne stearic acids bɛyɛ ɔha nkyekyɛmu aduonum baako de rekɔ aduonum nwɔtwe[21] N'aduaba a wɔnyɛɛ no hwee no tumi ma vitamins C .[22]

Ne dwumadie wɔ amammerɛ mu

[sesa]

Ackee  wɔ  Jamaican mento ammaerɛ nnwom  "Linstead Market" mu. Ɛwɔ nnwom  no mu no, adetɔnni bi ka sɛ "Carry mi ackee go a Linstead market. Not a quattie worth sell".[23] Wɔ Quarrel in the James Bond nnwoma no mu no, ɛnam a wɔahyɛ no nkyene ne Ackee na wɔtaa deyɛ wɔn anɔpa aduane.

Hypoglycin A ne B

[sesa]

Ne mu a emmreeɛ no wɔ hypoglycin toxins a hypoglycin A ne hypoglycin B, a wɔnim wɔn sɛ "soapberry toxins" no ka ho bi.[24][25] yɛnya hypoglycin A wɔ aduaba no ne mma no aduadeɛ no nyinaa mu; na yɛnya   hypoglycin B nso wɔ mma no mu nko ara.  Ne mu a abere no wɔ awuduro kakra.Sɛ saa nnuane nnuro ti kɔ nipadua no mu a, ɛbɛdane acid (MCPA), na ɛbɛtumi aha nipadua no.[26] MCPA ne hypoglycin A wɔ mmoawammoawa bebree a ɛma  acyl CoA compounds dwumadie ba fam. Glucose akoradeɛ no sa na ɛde  hypoglycemia ba , Yei de yadeɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no "Jamaican vomiting" ba  .[27][28]  Berɛ a obi bɛdi aduaba no mu a ɛmmereeɛ no nko ara na yei si [29][30][31]

Ɛwom sɛ ackee yɛ nnipakuo bebree aduane, nanso, nhwehwɛmu bebree a wɔayɛ afa hypoglycin toxity a ɛwom no ho no nsi pi. Ɛhia sɛ wɔbɛnya abotrɛ ayɛ ayaresabea nhwehwumu fa bo; na aboa ama yɛate ne pharmarcology ase yie na yɛahunu ɛkwan a a yɛbɛtumi afa so atu ɛmu borɔ no.[32]

Wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne du baako (2011) mu no, wuhunuu sɛ mma a ɛwɔ aduaba no mene hypoglycin A a ɛwɔ n'aduradeɛ no mu no na ɛsesa no kɔ  hypoglycin B wɔ mma no mu[33] Kyerɛ sɛ, mma no boa tu borɔ a ɛwɔ aduradeɛ no mu no na ama wɔatumi adi. [34]

Ne dwumadie wɔ adwadie mu

[sesa]

Ackee wɔakora no  brine mu no yɛ  adeɛ wɔyumi tɔn na Jamaicafoɔ, Haitifoɔ ne Belizefoɔ tɔn ma amanhodoɔ [35]Sɛ wɔdua n'aba no a, ɛhyɛ aseɛ so bɛgɛ mfeɛ mmeɛnsa de kɔ mfeɛ nan ntam.

Ne dwumadie nkaeɛ bi

[sesa]

Aduaba no wɔ dwumadie bebree wɔ Abirem Atɔeɛ( West Africa) nkuro a ɛwɔ  Caribbean Islands no mu. Wɔde yɛ samena ne deɛ ɛkeka ho.[36] Wɔtumi de ne nhweren no siesie bsaeɛ bi.[37]Wɔ Abibrem Aduyɛ mu no, wɔde ɛmu a abere no, n'ahaban  ne n'abena no sa yadeɛ nketenkete bi.[38]

Ne din wɔ Afrika kasa afoforɔ mu

[sesa]
Language Word Meaning
Bambara finsan akee apple
Kabiye kpɩ́zʋ̀ʋ̀ akee apple
Yoruba iṣin[39]
Dagaare kyira
Ewe atsa

Baabi a menyaa mmoa friiɛ

[sesa]
  1. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  2. ↑ Blighia sapida K. D. Koenig GRIN-Global, retrieved 2024-03-04
  3. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  4. ↑ Allan A. Metcalf (1999), The world in so many words : a country-by-country tour of words that have shaped our language, Internet Archive, Boston : Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 978-0-395-95920-6, retrieved 2024-03-04
  5. ↑ Samantha L. Isenberg, Melissa D. Carter, Shelby R. Hayes, Leigh Ann Graham, Darryl Johnson, Thomas P. Mathews, Leslie A. Harden, Gary R. Takeoka, Jerry D. Thomas, James L. Pirkle, Rudolph C. Johnson (2016-07-13), "Quantification of Toxins in Soapberry (Sapindaceae) Arils: Hypoglycin A and Methylenecyclopropylglycine", Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, vol. 64, no. 27, pp. 5607–5613, doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02478, ISSN 0021-8561, PMC 5098216, PMID 27367968, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ Ackee – Jamaica Information Service, retrieved 2024-03-04
  7. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  8. ↑ Ackee – Jamaica Information Service, retrieved 2024-03-04
  9. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  10. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  11. ↑ Food safety and quality systems in developing countries. Volume one, Export challenges and implementation strategies | WorldCat.org (in English), retrieved 2024-03-04
  12. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  13. ↑ Food safety and quality systems in developing countries. Volume one, Export challenges and implementation strategies | WorldCat.org (in English), retrieved 2024-03-04
  14. ↑ Aloko Sinmisola, Bello M. Oluwasesan, Azubuike P. Chukwuemeka (2019-05), "Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig: A review on its phytochemistry, pharmacological and nutritional properties", Journal of Ethnopharmacology (in English), vol. 235, pp. 446–459, doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.017, retrieved 2024-03-04 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ Aloko Sinmisola, Bello M. Oluwasesan, Azubuike P. Chukwuemeka (2019-05), "Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig: A review on its phytochemistry, pharmacological and nutritional properties", Journal of Ethnopharmacology (in English), vol. 235, pp. 446–459, doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.017, retrieved 2024-03-04 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  17. ↑ Wayback Machine, 2006-06-19, archived from the original on 2006-06-19, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  18. ↑ Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic, 2011-09-24, archived from the original on 2011-09-24, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  19. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  20. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  21. ↑ Jamaican Ackee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  22. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  23. ↑ Ackee – Jamaica Information Service, retrieved 2024-03-04
  24. ↑ Samantha L. Isenberg, Melissa D. Carter, Shelby R. Hayes, Leigh Ann Graham, Darryl Johnson, Thomas P. Mathews, Leslie A. Harden, Gary R. Takeoka, Jerry D. Thomas, James L. Pirkle, Rudolph C. Johnson (2016-07-13), "Quantification of Toxins in Soapberry (Sapindaceae) Arils: Hypoglycin A and Methylenecyclopropylglycine", Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, vol. 64, no. 27, pp. 5607–5613, doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02478, ISSN 0021-8561, PMC 5098216, PMID 27367968, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ↑ Samantha L. Isenberg, Melissa D. Carter, Leigh Ann Graham, Thomas P. Mathews, Darryl Johnson, Jerry D. Thomas, James L. Pirkle, Rudolph C. Johnson (2015-09-21), "Quantification of Metabolites for Assessing Human Exposure to Soapberry Toxins Hypoglycin A and Methylenecyclopropylglycine", Chemical research in toxicology, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1753–1759, doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00205, ISSN 0893-228X, PMC 4592145, PMID 26328472, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ↑ Samantha L. Isenberg, Melissa D. Carter, Shelby R. Hayes, Leigh Ann Graham, Darryl Johnson, Thomas P. Mathews, Leslie A. Harden, Gary R. Takeoka, Jerry D. Thomas, James L. Pirkle, Rudolph C. Johnson (2016-07-13), "Quantification of Toxins in Soapberry (Sapindaceae) Arils: Hypoglycin A and Methylenecyclopropylglycine", Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, vol. 64, no. 27, pp. 5607–5613, doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02478, ISSN 0021-8561, PMC 5098216, PMID 27367968, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  28. ↑ Samantha L. Isenberg, Melissa D. Carter, Leigh Ann Graham, Thomas P. Mathews, Darryl Johnson, Jerry D. Thomas, James L. Pirkle, Rudolph C. Johnson (2015-09-21), "Quantification of Metabolites for Assessing Human Exposure to Soapberry Toxins Hypoglycin A and Methylenecyclopropylglycine", Chemical research in toxicology, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1753–1759, doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00205, ISSN 0893-228X, PMC 4592145, PMID 26328472, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  30. ↑ Samantha L. Isenberg, Melissa D. Carter, Leigh Ann Graham, Thomas P. Mathews, Darryl Johnson, Jerry D. Thomas, James L. Pirkle, Rudolph C. Johnson (2015-09-21), "Quantification of Metabolites for Assessing Human Exposure to Soapberry Toxins Hypoglycin A and Methylenecyclopropylglycine", Chemical research in toxicology, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1753–1759, doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00205, ISSN 0893-228X, PMC 4592145, PMID 26328472, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ↑ andreagoldson (2005-11-17), THE ACKEE FRUIT (BLIGHIA SAPIDA) AND ITS ASSOCIATED TOXIC EFFECTS | SCQ (in American English), retrieved 2024-03-04
  32. ↑ Aloko Sinmisola, Bello M. Oluwasesan, Azubuike P. Chukwuemeka (2019-05-10), "Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig: A review on its phytochemistry, pharmacological and nutritional properties", Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 235, pp. 446–459, doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.017, ISSN 0378-8741, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ↑ n2:1520-5118 - Search Results, retrieved 2024-03-04
  34. ↑ Orane A. Blake, Maurice R. Bennink, Jose C. Jackson (2006-02-01), "Ackee (Blighia sapida) hypoglycin A toxicity: Dose response assessment in laboratory rats", Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 207–213, doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.07.002, ISSN 0278-6915, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ↑ Vishweshwaraiah Prakash, Olga Martín-Belloso, Larry Keener, Siân Astley, Susanne Braun, Helena McMahon, Huub Lelieveld, ed. (2016-01-01), "Copyright", Regulating Safety of Traditional and Ethnic Foods, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. iv, ISBN 978-0-12-800605-4, retrieved 2024-03-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  36. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  37. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  38. ↑ Akee, retrieved 2024-03-04
  39. ↑ Bascom, William R. (Jan 1951). "Yoruba Food". Africa. Cambridge University Press. 20 (1): 47. doi:10.2307/1156157. JSTOR 1156157. S2CID 149837516.
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