Qibtiy tili
Qiyofa
Qibtiy tili — qibtiylar tili, afroosiyo makrooilasia kiruvchi misr oilasining soʻnggi vakili. Taxminan Ikki ming yillik tarixni qamrab olgan qadimgi misr tili rivojining oxirgi darajasi hisoblanadi. Yunon yozuvi tizimi asosidagi oʻz alifbosidan foydalanadi. Misrni arablar bosib olgach (7-asr), toki arab yozuvi qibtiy yozuvini toʻliq siqib chiqarib, rasmiy foydalanishdan voz kechilguncha qibtiy yozuvi oʻz ahamiyatini yoʻqota bordi. 11-12 aa. uning oʻrnini arab tili egallaydi va bu til yoʻqoladi. Ibodat tili sifatida qibtiylarda hozirgi kunga qadar saqlanib qolgan.
Adabiyotlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Umumiy ishlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Еланская А. И.. Коптский язык, Языки народов Азии и Африки. М.: Наука (ГРВЛ), 1964.
- Еланская А. И.. Грамматика коптского языка. Саидский диалект. СПб.: Нестор-История, 2010.
- Еланская А. И. Коптский язык // Языки Азии и Африки. Т. IV: Афразийские языки. Кн. 2: Кушитские языки. Ливийско-гуанчские языки. Египетский язык. Чадские языки. М. 1991. — 399 с, ил..
- Ернштедт П. В. Исследования по грамматике коптского языка. М., 1986.
- Emmel, Stephen. 1992. «Languages (Coptic)». In The Anchor Bible Dictionary, edited by David Noel Freedman. Vol. 4 of 6 vols. New York: Doubleday. 180—188.
- Gessman, A. M. (1976). "The Birth of the Coptic Script". University of South Florida Language Quarterly 14 2-3.
- Gignac, Francis Thomas. 1991. «Old Coptic». In The Coptic Encyclopedia, edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya. Vol. 8 of 8 vols. New York and Toronto: Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada. 169—188.
- Kasser, Radolphe. 1991. «Dialects». In The Coptic Encyclopedia, edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya. Vol. 8 of 8 vols. New York and Toronto: Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada. 87—96.
- Wolfgang Kosack Lehrbuch des Koptischen.Teil I:Koptische Grammatik.Teil II:Koptische Lesestücke, Graz 1974.
- Loprieno, Antonio. 1995. Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Polotsky, Hans Jakob. 1971. «Coptic». In Afroasiatic: A Survey, edited by Carleton Taylor Hodge. (Jana Linguarum: Series Practica; 163). 's Gravenhage and Paris: Mouton. 67—79.
Grammatikalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- В. Вестендорф, В. Тиль. Грамматика коптского языка. саидский диалект: грамматика. Хрестоматия. Словарь (науч. ред., сост., сост. словаря, пер. с нем. и коптского, авт. доп. коммент., предисл. и послесл. А. С. Четверухин), СПб, 2007
- Chaîne, Marius. 1933. Éléments de grammaire dialectale copte: bohairique, sahidique, achmimique, fayoumique. Paris: Paul Geuthner.
- Eberle, Andrea, & Regine Schulz. 2004. Koptisch — Ein Leitfaden durch das Saïdische. LINCOM Languages of the World/Materials 07. Munich: LINCOM Europa.
- Lambdin, Thomas Oden. 1983. Introduction to Sahidic Coptic. Macon: Mercer University Press.
- Layton, Bentley. 2000. A Coptic Grammar (Sahidic Dialect): With a Chrestomathy and Glossary. (Porta linguarum orientalium; N.S., 20). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
- Mallon, Alexis. 1956. Grammaire copte: bibliographie, chrestomathie et vocabulaire. 4th edition. Beyrouth.
- Mattar, Nabil. 1990. A Study in Bohairic Coptic. Pasadena: Hope Publishing House.
- Polotsky, Hans Jakob. 1987. Grundlagen des koptischen Satzbaus. American Studies in Papyrology 28. Decatur, Ga.: Scholars Press.
- Plumley, J. Martin. 1948. An Introductory Coptic Grammar (Sahidic Dialect) (Wayback Machine saytida 2014-03-29 sanasida arxivlangan). London: Home & van Thal.
- Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 1988. Coptic Grammatical Chrestomathy: a course for academic and private study. Orientalia lovaniensia analecta 30. Leuven: Peeters.
- Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 1986. Coptic Grammatical Categories: Structural Studies in the Syntax of Shenoutean Sahidic. Analecta Orientalia 53. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. ISBN 88-7653-255-2.
- Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 2007. Topics in Coptic Syntax: Structural Studies in the Bohairic Dialect. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 160. Leuven — Paris — Dudley, MA: Peeters. ISBN 978-90-429-1875-7.
- Till, Walter C. 1994. Koptische Dialektgrammatik. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter.
- Vergote, Jozef. 1973—1983. Grammaire copte. Leuven: Peeters.
- Younan, Sameh. 2005. So, you want to learn Coptic? A guide to Bohairic Grammar. Sydney: St.Mary, St.Bakhomious and St.Shenouda Coptic Orthodox Church.
- Henry Tattam, A compendious grammar of the Egyptian language as contained in the Coptic, Sahidic, and Bashmuric Dialects (London 1863)
Fonologiya
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Depuydt, Leo. 1993. «On Coptic Sounds.» Orientalia 62 (new series): 338—375.
- Loprieno, Antonio. 1997. «Egyptian and Coptic Phonology». In Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), edited by Alan S. Kaye. Vol. 1 of 2 vols. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. 431—460.
- Peust, Carsten. 1999. Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language. (Monographien zur ägyptischen Sprache; 2). Göttingen: Peust & Gutschmidt.
Morfologiya
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Малышев С. В. „Аспект в коптском языке“, . Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды Института лингвистических исследований. Том VIII, часть 2. Исследования по теории грамматики. Выпуск 6: Типология аспектуальных систем и категорий, СПб., 2012.
Lugʻatlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Černý, Jaroslav. 1976. Coptic Etymological Dictionary. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Crum, Walter Ewing. 1939. A Coptic Dictionary (Wayback Machine saytida 2014-04-23 sanasida arxivlangan). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Wolfgang Kosack: Koptisches Handlexikon des Bohairischen. Koptisch — Deutsch — Arabisch. Verlag Christoph Brunner, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-9524018-9-7.
- Westendorf, Wolfhart. 1965/1977. Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
- Vycichl, Werner. 1983. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue copte. Leuven: Éditions Peeters.
- Westendorf, Wolfhart. 1965/1977. Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
Bibliografiya
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Kammerer, Winifred (compiler), A Coptic Bibliography, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1950. (Reprint New York: Kraus Reprint Co., 1969)
- Wolfgang Kosack: Der koptische Heiligenkalender. Deutsch — Koptisch — Arabisch nach den besten Quellen neu bearbeitet und vollständig herausgegeben mit Index Sanctorum koptischer Heiliger, Index der Namen auf Koptisch, Koptische Patriarchenliste, Geografische Liste. Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-9524018-4-2.
- Wolfgang Kosack: Schenute von Atripe De judicio finale. Papyruskodex 63000.IV im Museo Egizio di Torino. Einleitung, Textbearbeitung und Übersetzung herausgegeben von Wolfgang Kosack. Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-9524018-5-9.
- Westendorf, Wolfhart. 1965/1977. Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
Izoh
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Havolalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Qibtiy lugʻati (Wayback Machine saytida 2010-10-02 sanasida arxivlangan)