"Назначене справец мытных на всих коморах у Вел(иком) к(ня)з(стве) Лит(ов)ском. То есть справа мытная" : митна реформа 1536 р. королеви Бони у Великому князівстві Литовському (дипломатичний і джерелознавчий аналіз)
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Karalienė Bona; Karalienė Bona Sforca; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Lietuvos Metrika; Muitai; Muitinių reforma; Muitų administravimas; Muitų reforma; Valdymas; 16 amžius; 16th century; Customs duties; Customs reform; Lithuania; Management; Queen Bona; The Customs Reform; The Customs administration; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania; The Lithuanian Metrica; The Queen Bona Sforca.
ENThe article provided the diplomatic and source study analysis of the document which examinedfeatures of the customs reform which is carried out by the queen Bona. The reform was aimed at the centralization of customs administration, and also its release from influence of private persons (mainly, Jews). In 1536 the queen Bona received in termless management the customs duties in all territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania accept Volyn’ on a new conditions. These conditions defined a new way of management of the customs duties - management through the entrusted people. In practice it was carried out by appointment to the customs new administrators, who received a payment for their work. Management of the queen Bona lasted ten years. The main difference between ways of management consisted in: when the rent end the customs officer gave to treasury only the sum determined in the contract, but during management all money came to treasury. System of managements allowed controlling the income from the customs duties more accurately. The document is of interest in several aspects: 1) the heading of the document testifies about providing of the new way of the customs duties management, other than rent; 2) it has unique and uncharacteristic for the majority of documents of the Lithuanian Metrics stnicture; 3) it is, actually, only document which contains fully conditions of the customs duties management.The carried-out diplomatic analysis revealed that the document has atypical structure and consists of two parts, which possess elements of the individual form. Existence of two independent parts complicates definition of a type of the document. One part is [ustavaj, which contain general information about new customs and persons which they headed - [mytnye spravtsyj. Second part is a diploma addressed to the customs officers in Polotsk customs region. Diploma contains information concerning customs officers judicial status and practical collection of duties. Both parts are integrated by the dating at the end of the whole document - 8, November 1536. Lack of transition between parts and likeness of their contents gives the grounds to define a type of this document as [ustavaj with addition in the form °f the diploma addressed to Polotsk customs officers. [From the publication]
