TOURISM

GRADE 12

REVISION QUESTION ANSWERS

TERM 1

TOPIC: DOMESTIC, REGIONAL AND

INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
CONTENT: GLOBAL EVENTS OF
INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

All the answers in this document were sourced from previous DBE NSC and ECDoE
provincial marking guidelines.

This document consists of 21 pages.

2 GRADE 12 TOURISM: GLOBAL EVENTS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE – TERM 1(EC 2020)

TOPIC: DOMESTIC, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL

TOURISM
CONTENT: GLOBAL EVENTS OF INTERNATIONAL
SIGNIFICANCE

NOV 2014 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Economic injection (accept examples such as income generation;

infrastructural development; job opportunities; skills development; procurement of
local goods)✓✓ (2)
• Showcasing their culture
• Publicity for the country
• Encourages partnerships between countries.
• Encourages cooperation between countries.
• Gives stability and credibility to countries.
• Addresses MDG goals.
• The citizens will be aware of the importance of tourism in respect
of the Triple Bottom Line
• Increases foreign revenue
• Builds good relationships between participating countries (2)

9.1.2 The country can showcase its unique African culture and thereby
increasing the potential to attract cultural tourists.✓✓
• Promotes cross-cultural understanding.

9.1.3 Creates an awareness of the possible prospects that growing the

tourism industry has globally.✓✓
Emphasises the enormous scale in size, prospects and benefits of
the tourism industry globally.✓✓
• More revenue is generated through tourism-related activities than
any other industry.
• This revenue then creates opportunities for job creation.
• Entrepreneurship
• Upgrading of facilities, skills development and infrastructural
development for the host country. (2 x 2) (4)

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9.2 9.2.1 The safety of tourists/human life is always the number one
priority.✓✓
• Tourists will know what to do in the event of an earthquake or
tsunami.
• Tourists will be aware that they are entering a high-risk zone and
will be more cautious.
• It will be easier to manage the disaster as most people would
have followed instructions and will be safe. (2)

9.2.2 Destruction of infrastructure✓✓

• Destruction of flora, fauna and ecosystems
• Cancellation of flights, rail, cruises and road trips
• Cancellation of holidays
• Fewer tourists will visit the destination
• Less revenue will be generated
• Job losses (2)

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NOV 2015 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Money meant for schools, health care and other public service
improvements/upgrades did not occur. ✓✓
Projects eventually were not privately funded. ✓✓
• People were relocated to make way for projects.
• Large amounts of money spent on building stadiums.
• Many believed the Games only benefited the rich.
• Felt let down by their government owing to promises not kept.
• Many projects intended to improve the quality of life, remained
unfinished. (4)

9.1.2 Raise the nation's confidence by fulfilling promises made since the
World Cup, for example upgrading education/health and public
services.✓✓
Complete all outstanding projects meant to benefit the entire
nation.✓✓
Create more job opportunities in preparation for the Olympic
Games. ✓✓
• Government must ensure the projects linked to the Olympic
Games are privately funded.
• Government should spend money wisely and not at the
expense of taxpayers and communities.
• Ensure the entire nation benefits from hosting the Games and
not just a particular income group.
• Offer reasonable options to the local residence when they are
expected to relocate. (6)

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NOV 2016 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 The timeline / history of events shows how many global events were
hosted in South Africa. ✓✓
• The timeline indicates successful hosting of events which has led to
a positive image. This has resulted in further hosting of other global
events.
• The Global events hosted by South Africa from 1995 to 2016. (2)

9.1.2 (a) Investments

Good publicity and enhanced reputation during and after the
events led to increased investor confidence and business
opportunities. ✓✓
Created new partnerships between South Africa and major
world investors. ✓✓
• Increased foreign investments led to GDP growth.
• Introduce projects that will attract foreign investors
• New businesses opened up, entrepreneurship encouraged
• Investment in sport. (4)

(b) Infrastructure
There was major infrastructural development, e.g. stadiums,
sports villages for the country in preparation for the
events.✓✓
• Upgrades of existing infrastructure occurred.✓✓
• Improved infrastructure served as an incentive / motivation
for hosting future events.
• Locals enjoy the improvements made in respect of
improved accessibility when travelling around.

NOTE: Accept examples of infrastructural development and

upgrades. (4)

9.1.3 Maintain good service standards in all sectors. ✓✓

Increase marketing to showcase the country as a destination of
choice. ✓✓
Maintain the country's attractiveness and its cultural diversity.✓✓
• Ongoing infrastructural development and upgrading existing
infrastructure.
• Maintaining political stability
• Ensuring the economy is strong / stable
• Practising sustainable tourism and attracting discerning tourists
• Attracting investment
• Bid to host global events
• Improving safety and security image of the country
• Reducing corruption and crime
• On-going training and skills development
• Maintains good international relations (6)

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NOV 2017 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Participants, spectators, media personnel come from all over the
world.✓✓
• It has a 140-year history that fascinates people all over the world.
• Global media frenzy takes place to give media coverage for a
global audience.
• Players from many countries participate (2)

9.1.2 Foreign exchange earnings from tourists attending the event.✓✓

Increased GDP contributions. ✓✓
• Income generated before, during and after the event.
• Spread of multiplier effect benefits in the local economy of
workers earning wages at the event.
• Entrepreneurial opportunities for locals.
• Creates jobs
• Upgrading of infrastructure
• International publicity and exposure (4)

9.2 9.2.1 Earthquake ✓✓

• Natural disaster (2)

9.2.2 Tourists visiting sites will struggle to get back to their

accommodation and belongings due to damage to public
transport.✓✓
Tourists will not be able to continue with their itineraries due to lack
of transportation. ✓✓
• If the airport is closed, tourist will not be able to enter or exit the
country.
• Tourists will feel unsafe to use any form of transport and may
have to re-schedule or cancel their trip.
• Publicity will impact on the tourists’ decision to travel to the
destination. (4)

9.2.3 Foreign bank notes✓✓

• Cash
• Euros (2)

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NOV 2018 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Bird flu outbreak✓✓

• Outbreak of H5N8 bird flu virus
• Infected wild birds
• Caused the deaths of many wild birds
• Stopped the spread of the disease (2)

9.1.2 Positive
Tourist may want to educate their children about the preventative
measures in place to stop the spreading of a dangerous virus. ✓✓
• Tourists will appreciate the measures put in place by the zoo to
safeguard visitors against contracting and spreading the virus
• Tourists may regard the zoo as a responsible attraction due to
its attempts in containing bird flu.
• Chemicals used are not harmful to humans (2)

Negative
Some tourists will view the disinfectants used by the zoo as
harmful to humans and the surrounding environment. ✓✓
• Some tourists will not be comfortable in submerging their feet or
shoes into a footbath at the exits.
• Visitors will put their trip to the attraction on hold until it is safe
therefore causing a decline in ticket sales.
• Bad publicity through word of mouth.
• Engaging in the process can be time consuming. (2)

Note: Award marks for ONE answer from EACH category (positive and negative)

9.1.3 Unforeseen occurrence✓✓

• Boating/ferry accident (2)

9.1.4 Tourists will be reluctant to use the ferries to Robben Island due to
the element of danger. ✓✓
Tourists may decide not to visit Robben Island but may opt to visit
other destinations. ✓✓
• Visitors would be fearful of their safety when visiting other
attractions in the Western Cape. (4)

9.1.5 A decline in foreign tourist arrivals to South Africa will result in

decreased foreign income. ✓✓
The multiplier effect will be negatively affected due to fewer tourists
visiting the attractions. ✓✓
• Domestic travel to the affected areas will decrease resulting in a
decrease in visitor numbers and spending.
• Will result in job losses (4)

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NOV 2019 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 natural✓✓ (2)

9.1.2 (a) A- Earthquake✓

B- 6 December 2018✓ (2)

(b) The tourism industry will come to a standstill in the affected

areas as the majority of the infrastructure would have been
damaged.✓✓
Tourists will not be able to communicate with affected areas to
determine the extent of the damage and will rather not show
up.✓✓
Tourists will avoid the area and find alternative destinations.✓✓
• There will be prolonged periods of zero tourism activities
until infrastructure has been rebuilt.
• Job losses due to damaged infrastructure - negative impact
on income earnings for the people of Indonesia.
• Before the country can recover from one natural disaster
another one occurs, thus prolonging the rebuilding process.
• Destruction of the tourism industry infrastructure (economic
and physical).
• Disruptions to normal day-to-day operations.
• Break-out of diseases. (6)

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FEB-MARCH 2015 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 Skills development

In preparation for the event, multiple skills are required pre event, during
the event and post event, resulting in skills development✓of the people of
the host country. With the new skills acquired, they can move on to better
career paths, thereby improving their lives. ✓

Short- and long-term job creation

Hosting an event calls for extra labour in many areas, this means that
people will be employed on a short-term basis✓in preparation for the event
or during the event, giving them the opportunity to earn an income during
this time, improving their prospects for a better life. This could also result in
new businesses opening creating the need for long term jobs. ✓

Infrastructure development
Hosting of the global event requires the construction or upgrade of
stadiums✓where the event is to take place this leads to an increased
demand for skilled and unskilled labour, thus employment opportunities,
✓ immediately resulting in a better quality of life for the citizens of the
country.
• Supporting infrastructure such as accommodation and transport is also
upgraded, constructed and developed meaning that the locals benefit
from this improved infrastructure. (6)

9.2 Cancellation of flights✓

Cancellation of bookings✓
Tourists will be left stranded✓
• Tourist destinations will be inaccessible
• Becomes a hazard for tourists to travel
• Damage to infrastructure and the environment
• Power failures (3)

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FEB-MARCH 2016 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 A summit is a meeting of heads of state. G8 because Russia was

initially included, however because of political reasons Russia
dropped out hence G7. ✓✓ (2)

9.1.2 The situation caused unpredictability/negative perceptions and

images ✓✓of Russia.
Loss in tourist numbers which in turn led to loss in revenue to the
country. ✓✓ (4)

9.1.3 Use mass modes of transport such as buses, coaches, trains to

minimise the use of too many vehicles.✓✓Create park and ride
facilities or shuttle services which will also minimise the use of too
many vehicles✓✓ Use of energy saving and fuel-efficient vehicles
such as electric cars to reduce CO2 emissions.✓✓
• Alternate modes of transport such as bicycles
• Staying within close proximity to the venue and walking to the
venue.
• Use of carpools
• Avoid the use of private aircrafts instead use large airlines.
• Avoid using car rentals, instead use the alternate modes
provided by the conference organisers.
• Provision of road and route maps showing the shortest distances
to be travelled. (6)

9.1.4 By Brussels hosting the G7 Summit it stimulated economic, social

and environmental growth for the present and for the future.✓✓
• Foreign income earner/investment/job creation
• Increased publicity/positive image
• Infrastructural development
• Skills development
• Transparency on global issues (2)

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FEB-MARCH 2017 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Significant for South Africans as it is Madiba Day and the opening
ceremony to the Games on his birthday will be a great tribute to this
world leader.✓✓
The principles of this great leader would add value to the
Commonwealth Games. ✓✓
• To commemorate the birthday of the late Nelson Mandela.
• Hosting this event during the birthday of a global iconic figure
such as Nelson Mandela supports the vision and the legacy of
Commonwealth Games.
• The date will endorse the credibility and reputation of the
Games in terms of publicity. (4)

9.1.2 Positive
Creation of employment opportunities✓✓
Wide scale infrastructural development✓✓
• Increased foreign revenue
• Increased marketing for the host city
• All tourism sectors tend to benefit from the influx of tourists
• Skills development
• Repeat visits
• It will set the multiplier effect into motion.
• Will result in positive GDP growth

Negative
Increased levels of crime✓✓
Increased pollution/traffic congestion✓✓
• Negative media coverage if the event proves to be unsuccessful
• Exploitation of cultures and surrounding environments (8)

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12 GRADE 12 TOURISM: GLOBAL EVENTS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE – TERM 1(EC 2020)

FEB-MARCH 2018 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Construction of new and existing infrastructure that will support the
event.✓✓
• Income generation
• Investment
• Job creation
• FOREX income
• Multiplier effect (2)

9.1.2 Host countries use the event to show their capacity to host and
market an event of this magnitude. ✓✓
• The host country receives worldwide exposure/publicity before,
during and after the event.
• Events of this magnitude create a sense of unity/belonging/pride
amongst citizens of the host country.
• The event has the ability to change negative perceptions of the
host country. (2)

9.1.3 The stadiums must be utilised for events other than sporting events
and future events ✓✓
• The facilities at the stadiums can be hired out for other events.

NOTE: Accept examples of other types of events/activities (2)

9.2 9.2.1 Natural disaster✓✓

• Avalanche
• Earthquake
• Snow storm (2)

9.2.2 Pre-booked ski holidays will be cancelled ✓✓

The hotel will not do business until it has been rebuilt.✓✓
• Tourists will be reluctant to book ski holidays and rather
experience other types of holidays.
• People will lose their jobs.
• No tourists will result in loss of revenue for the hotel. (4)

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MAY-JUNE 2018 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 A hurricane is a natural disaster in the form of tropical storms with
extreme wind, rain and weather conditions. ✓✓
• Tropical storms that cause damage to the environment and loss
of life
• It is an unforeseen natural disaster. (2)

9.1.2 The transport infrastructure (roads, airports, railway lines etc.)

necessary for tourists to travel to the area needs to be repaired and
rebuilt. ✓✓
Accommodation infrastructure that was damaged needs to be
reconstructed. ✓✓
• Funds are needed to repair damage to attractions in the affected
areas.
• The telecommunication and power networks need to be restored
for the tourism industry to function optimally. (4)

9.2 Encouraging and promoting existing tourism events to generate income

from the tourism industry for example the Oyster Festival. ✓✓
Knysna was declared a disaster area by the government and as a result
received extra funding for financial support in the recovery process.✓✓
The funding received can be used to rebuild priority infrastructure.✓✓
• Local businesses can take the initiative to start the rebuilding process as
soon as possible without giving up.
• Local structures can be established to manage, and control
contributions made (financially and in kind) for rebuilding and alleviation
initiatives.
• Rebuilding of businesses can give them opportunities to improve the
existing business. (6)

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14 GRADE 12 TOURISM: GLOBAL EVENTS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE – TERM 1(EC 2020)

MAY-JUNE 2019 NSC

QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Both are sporting global events. ✓✓

Both are held every four years. ✓✓
• Soccer – the FIFA World Cup is soccer’s most prestigious
tournament and is also one of the sporting codes in the Olympic
Games.
• Rio de Janeiro/Brazil was host to both.
• Both bring countries of the world together on the sporting stage
to compete and build mutual relationships.
• Both belong to BRICS (4)

9.1.2 Infrastructure improved to world-class standards.✓✓

Proven organising abilities.✓✓
• Improved core values of their societies.
• Instilling pride in citizens.
• Increase in both domestic and international tourism. (4)

9.1.3 Increased media coverage and public relations. ✓✓

• Image benefits and economic spin-offs are gained.
• There is a proven track record of hosting global events.
• Infrastructure is in place and it will cost less to prepare for
events of such magnitude in future for the countries.
• More high-earning and -spending managers and ministers will
visit the country before, during and after the event.
• World leaders, delegations and decision makers that affect the
global community will attend the event. (2)

9.1.4 The safety and security plans of the host country will be scrutinised
to ensure a successful event. ✓✓
An alternative BRICS country will be considered with a more stable
political environment. ✓✓
• The additional security measures put in place to deal with
unforeseen occurrences.
• The viability of hosting the event with regards to safety,
terrorism activities and protests/rioting.
• Compromising the reputation of the selection committee if an
incorrect decision was made. (4)

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SEPT 2014 EC
QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Terrorism ✓ (1)

9.1.2 Events linked to the political circumstances within a

country. ✓✓`
• Situations that occur as a result of problems with a country’s
government.
• Situations that are linked to the government of a country. (2)

9.1.3 “just the premiere of Act 1” ✓✓ (2)

9.1.4 Tourists might feel that Kenya is not a safe tourist destination. ✓✓
Tourists who planned to visit Kenya might cancel their trips. ✓✓
Tourists might postpone their trips. ✓✓
• Tourists might choose another destination.
• Airlines could suspend their flights to the country making travel to
Kenya impossible.
• The tourists own governments might advise them not to travel to
Kenya. (3 x 2) (6)

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SEPT 2015 EC
QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 (a) It is an event that occurs without a warning.✓

• It is an event that is unpredictable.
• It is an event that is unexpected. (1)

(b) The lives of the tourists would be endangered. ✓✓

The tourists’ accommodation might have been
destroyed. ✓✓
• Tourists affected by the disaster would have attempted to
leave as soon as possible.
• Tourists might have been stranded as a result of the
destruction of infrastructure e.g. roads, airports etc.
• Flights might have been cancelled due to airport and
runways being destroyed.
• Tourists might have been killed during the disaster. (2 x 2) (4)

9.1.2 The community could not see how the expensive new infrastructure
would benefit them after the event. ✓✓
Public transport (bus, train, and metro) ticket prices increased due
to the hosting of the World Cup resulting in an increase in the cost
of living of residents residing in host cities. ✓✓
• High poverty levels in Brazil led to frustration and
disappointment with inadequate provision of social services
while government spent huge sums of money on the world cup.
• The money spent on the event was desperately needed
elsewhere.
• Community members objected to large numbers of tourists
coming into their areas and polluting their facilities.
• Thousands of people were forced to relocate against their will
as more roads and buildings were constructed.
• Road closures during the event would inconvenience local
residents. (2 x 2) (4)

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SEPT 2016 EC
QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Terrorism ✓✓ (2)

9.1.2 (a) Tour operators suffered financial losses as a result of

cancelled bookings ✓✓
• Tour operators had to make emergency travel
arrangements for tourists who did not feel safe in Paris
• Tour operators did not receive new bookings or
reservations due to security concerns by travellers (2)

(b) The Eiffel Tower was forced to close and suffered financial
losses ✓✓ (2)

(c) Security control measures at gateways were

tightened/stepped up due to security concerns ✓✓
• Additional security control measures at gateways led to
long passenger delays (2)

9.1.3 Tourists will return as soon as the French government can ensure
their safety. ✓✓
• Tourists will visit Paris, the most popular city in the world among
international travellers, once calm is restored.
• After a while travellers will put this incident behind them and
return to Paris. (2)

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SEPT 2017 EC
QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 The Tour de France is a cycling event involving people from
different countries around the world e.g. cyclists, spectators, media
and sponsors. ✓✓
• It attracts the interest of people all over the world. (2)

9.1.2 Millions of spectators are able to view the event from the roadside
without paying. ✓✓
The event is broadcast internationally on radio and television
providing listeners and viewers with a detailed review of the event.
✓✓ (2 x 2) (4)

9.1.3 The event organisers distribute 100 000 recyclable trash bags
along the route of the Tour de France to reduce pollution. ✓✓ (2)

9.1.4 (a) During the event revenue is generated in the cities through
tourism-related activities e.g. accommodation, transport, food
and drink, shopping, souvenirs, entertainment and other
tourism-related products and services. ✓✓ (2)

(b) Employment related to the Tour de France will include jobs in

the accommodation sector and catering services. ✓✓
• Employment opportunities will be created in the supply of
goods and services necessary to run the Tour de France
e.g. refuse collection and security along the route.
• Employment opportunities will be created in preparation for
the event e.g. upgrading of facilities and infrastructural
development in the host cities.
• The Tour de France provides opportunities for individuals
who want to start their own event-related businesses. (2)

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(EC 2020)GRADE 12 TOURISM: GLOBAL EVENTS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE – TERM 1 19

SEPT 2018 EC
QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Terrorism ✓✓

• Political situation
• Mass shooting (2)

9.1.2 Travellers felt that Las Vegas was not a safe tourist
Destination. ✓✓
Potential travellers were advised by their own governments to
avoid the destination. ✓✓
• Travellers chose to fly to other holiday destinations.
• Travellers postponed their trips.
• Many airlines temporarily cancelled or postponed flights in
and out of Las Vegas following the shooting.
• Negative publicity about safety concerns. (2 x 2) (4)

9.1.3 Decline in domestic and foreign exchange earnings due to a

decrease in visitor numbers. ✓✓
Loss of income generated from hotel room bookings due to a
decrease in visitor numbers. ✓✓
Decline in gambling revenue. ✓✓
• Organisers of conventions may cancel future events resulting in
a loss of income.
• Permanent and temporary job losses due to a decrease in
visitor numbers.
• Decreased GDP contributions.
• Higher security costs for mega resorts to ensure the safety of
their guests.
• Decline in stock prices of casino and hotel corporations due to
concerns about tourists not returning to Las Vegas following
the tragedy.
• Some victims may attempt to hold the Mandalay Bay Resort
and Casino liable in court seeking damages for medical
expenses or disabilities resulting from the shooting.
• Additional marketing costs to reassure potential travellers
about the safety of the destination. (3 x 2) (6)

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20 GRADE 12 TOURISM: GLOBAL EVENTS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE – TERM 1(EC 2020)

SEPT 2019 EC
QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1 Natural disaster ✓✓

• Volcanic eruption (2)

9.1.2 Tourists would cancel their trips due to safety fears. ✓✓

Tourism businesses would suffer a loss of revenue due to
cancellations and a decrease in bookings. ✓✓
People working in tourism businesses might lose their
jobs. ✓✓
Cruise operators would suspend their stops to the affected area.
✓✓
• Attractions in the affected area would be forced to suspend
operations.
• The lava flow would have destroyed infrastructure e.g. roads
and electricity supply.
• The toxic gas released during the volcanic eruption would have
reduced the air quality resulting in health problems. (2 x 4) (8)

NOTE: Answers should be in the form of a paragraph; bullets have

been given for ease of marking.

9.1.3 Many tourists cancelled their trips to Hawaii because they did not
realise that the impact of the eruption was isolated and that the rest
of the Big Island or the other islands of Hawaii were still a safe
travel destination. ✓✓
• Media reports and social media created the impression that all
the islands of Hawaii were affected by the eruption resulting in
tourist cancellations and a decline in bookings. (2)

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(EC 2020)GRADE 12 TOURISM: GLOBAL EVENTS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE – TERM 1 21

SEPT 2020 EC
QUESTION 8

8.1 8.1.1 General unrest ✓✓

• Anti-government protests (2)

8.1.2 Increasing tourist concerns about safety led to hotel booking

cancellations and a slump in bookings. ✓✓
Business tourists chose safer, more stable destinations to attend
conferences and meetings, leading to a decrease in tourists. ✓✓
Festivals, sports competitions, conferences, exhibitions and trade
fairs were cancelled due to the ongoing protests. ✓✓
Cancellation of flights at Hong Kong International Airport and other
transport services that were disrupted had a negative impact on the
hotel industry.✓✓
• Foreign governments advised their citizens to avoid travelling to
Hong Kong.
• Global media reports and social media posts of the anti-
government protests influenced tourists to avoid Hong Kong.
(4 x 2) (8)

8.1.3 Reduce the number of staff members. ✓✓

• Force hotel workers to work less days per week.
• Introduce unpaid leave for staff. (2)

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