ろんり‐がく【論理学】
論理学
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/06/30 19:47 UTC 版)
論理学 (ろんりがく、英語: logic) は、正しい推論の研究である。形式論理学および非形式論理学が含まれる。形式論理学は、演繹的に妥当な推論あるいは論理的真理の研究である。論証の議題や内容とは無関係に、論証の構造のみにより、前提からどのように結論が導かれるかを研究する。非形式論理学は、非形式的誤謬、批判的思考、議論学と関わりがある。非形式論理学は自然言語で記述される論証を研究する一方、形式論理学は形式言語を用いる。各形式論理体系は、証明系を表現する。論理学は、哲学、数学、計算機科学、言語学を含む多くの分野で中核をなす。
- ^ Velleman 2006, pp. 8, 103.
- ^ Vickers 2022.
- ^ Nunes 2011, pp. 2066–2069.
- ^ Pépin 2004, Logos; Online Etymology Staff.
- ^ Hintikka 2019, lead section, §Nature and varieties of logic.
- ^ Hintikka 2019, §Nature and varieties of logic; Haack 1978, pp. 1–10, Philosophy of logics; Schlesinger, Keren-Portnoy & Parush 2001, p. 220.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 13; Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic; McKeon.
- ^ Blair & Johnson 2000, pp. 93–95; Craig 1996, Formal and informal logic.
- ^ Craig 1996, Formal and informal logic; Barnes 2007, p. 274; Planty-Bonjour 2012, p. 62; Rini 2010, p. 26.
- ^ MacFarlane 2017; Corkum 2015, pp. 753–767; Blair & Johnson 2000, pp. 93–95; Magnus 2005, pp. 12–4, 1.6 Formal languages.
- ^ a b McKeon; Craig 1996, Formal and informal logic.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 13.
- ^ Magnus 2005, Proofs, p. 102.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 13–16; Makridis 2022, pp. 1–2; Runco & Pritzker 1999, p. 155.
- ^ Gómez-Torrente 2019; Magnus 2005, 1.5 Other logical notions, p. 10.
- ^ a b Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 16.
- ^ Honderich 2005, logic, informal; Craig 1996, Formal and informal logic; Johnson 1999, pp. 265–268.
- ^ Craig 1996, Formal languages and systems; Simpson 2008, p. 14.
- ^ Craig 1996, Formal languages and systems.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 22–3; Magnus 2005, pp. 8–9, 1.4 Deductive validity; Johnson 1999, p. 267.
- ^ Haack 1978, pp. 1–2, 4, Philosophy of logics; Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 16–17; Jacquette 2006, Introduction: Philosophy of logic today, pp. 1–12.
- ^ Haack 1978, pp. 1–2, 4, Philosophy of logics; Jacquette 2006, pp. 1–12, Introduction: Philosophy of logic today.
- ^ Haack 1978, pp. 5–7, 9, Philosophy of logics; Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 31–2; Haack 1996, pp. 229–30.
- ^ Haack 1978, pp. 1–10, Philosophy of logics; Groarke 2021, lead section; 1.1 Formal and Informal Logic.
- ^ Johnson 2014, pp. 228–9.
- ^ Groarke 2021, lead section; 1. History; Audi 1999a, Informal logic; Johnson 1999, pp. 265–274.
- ^ Craig 1996, Formal and informal logic; Johnson 1999, p. 267.
- ^ Blair & Johnson 2000, pp. 93–97; Craig 1996, Formal and informal logic.
- ^ Johnson 1999, pp. 265–270; van Eemeren et al., pp. 1–45, Informal Logic.
- ^ Groarke 2021, 1.1 Formal and Informal Logic; Audi 1999a, Informal logic; Honderich 2005, logic, informal.
- ^ Blair & Johnson 2000, pp. 93–107; Groarke 2021, lead section; 1.1 Formal and Informal Logic; van Eemeren et al., p. 169.
- ^ Oaksford & Chater 2007, p. 47.
- ^ Craig 1996, Formal and informal logic; Walton 1987, pp. 2–3, 6–8, 1. A new model of argument; Engel 1982, pp. 59–92, 2. The medium of language.
- ^ Blair & Johnson 1987, pp. 147–51.
- ^ Falikowski & Mills 2022, p. 98; Weddle 2011, pp. 383–8, 36. Informal logic and the eductive-inductive distinction; Blair 2011, p. 47.
- ^ Vickers 2022; Nunes 2011, pp. 2066–9, Logical Reasoning and Learning.
- ^ Johnson 2014, p. 181; Johnson 1999, p. 267; Blair & Johnson 1987, pp. 147–51.
- ^ a b Vleet 2010, pp. ix–x, Introduction; Dowden; Stump.
- ^ Maltby, Day & Macaskill 2007, p. 564; Dowden.
- ^ Craig 1996, Formal and informal logic; Johnson 1999, pp. 265–270.
- ^ a b Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic; Honderich 2005, philosophical logic.
- ^ Haack 1974, p. 51.
- ^ a b c d e Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic.
- ^ Falguera, Martínez-Vidal & Rosen 2021; Tondl 2012, p. 111.
- ^ Olkowski & Pirovolakis 2019, pp. 65–66.
- ^ Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic; Pietroski 2021.
- ^ Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic; Kusch 2020; Rush 2014, pp. 1–10, 189–190.
- ^ a b King 2019; Pickel 2020, pp. 2991–3006.
- ^ a b c Honderich 2005, philosophical logic.
- ^ Pickel 2020, pp. 2991–3006.
- ^ Honderich 2005, philosophical logic; Craig 1996, Philosophy of logic; Michaelson & Reimer 2019.
- ^ Michaelson & Reimer 2019.
- ^ Hintikka 2019, §Nature and varieties of logic; MacFarlane 2017.
- ^ Gómez-Torrente 2019; MacFarlane 2017; Honderich 2005, philosophical logic.
- ^ Gómez-Torrente 2019; Jago 2014, p. 41.
- ^ Magnus 2005, pp. 35–38, 3. Truth tables; Angell 1964, p. 164; Hall & O'Donnell 2000, p. 48.
- ^ Magnus 2005, pp. 35–45, 3. Truth tables; Angell 1964, p. 164.
- ^ Tarski 1994, p. 40.
- ^ a b Hintikka 2019, lead section, §Nature and varieties of logic; Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic.
- ^ Blackburn 2008, argument; Stairs 2017, p. 343.
- ^ Copi, Cohen & Rodych 2019, p. 30.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 20; Backmann 2019, pp. 235–255; IEP Staff.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 16; Backmann 2019, pp. 235–255; IEP Staff.
- ^ Groarke 2021, 1.1 Formal and Informal Logic; Weddle 2011, pp. 383–8, 36. Informal logic and the eductive-inductive distinction; van Eemeren & Garssen 2009, p. 191.
- ^ Evans 2005, 8. Deductive Reasoning, p. 169.
- ^ McKeon.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 13–4.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 13–4; Blackburn 2016, rule of inference.
- ^ Blackburn 2016, rule of inference.
- ^ Dick & Müller 2017, p. 157.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 13; Backmann 2019, pp. 235–255; Douven 2021.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 14; D'Agostino & Floridi 2009, pp. 271–315.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 14; Sagüillo 2014, pp. 75–88; Hintikka 1970, pp. 135–152.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 13–6; Backmann 2019, pp. 235–255; IEP Staff.
- ^ Rocci 2017, p. 26; Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 13, 16; Douven 2021.
- ^ IEP Staff; Douven 2021; Hawthorne 2021.
- ^ IEP Staff; Hawthorne 2021; Wilbanks 2010, pp. 107–124.
- ^ a b c d Douven 2021.
- ^ Groarke 2021, 4.1 AV Criteria; Possin 2016, pp. 563–593.
- ^ Scott & Marshall 2009, analytic induction; Houde & Camacho 2003, Induction.
- ^ a b Borchert 2006b, Induction.
- ^ a b Douven 2021; Koslowski 2017, Abductive reasoning and explanation.
- ^ a b Cummings 2010, Abduction, p. 1.
- ^ Hansen 2020; Chatfield 2017, p. 194.
- ^ Walton 1987, pp. 7, 1. A new model of argument; Hansen 2020.
- ^ Hansen 2020.
- ^ Sternberg; Stone 2012, pp. 327–356.
- ^ Walton 1987, pp. 2–4, 1. A new model of argument; Dowden; Hansen 2020.
- ^ Stump; Mackie 1967.
- ^ a b Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 20.
- ^ Hintikka & Sandu 2006, p. 20; Pedemonte 2018, pp. 1–17; Hintikka 2023.
- ^ Boris & Alexander 2017, p. 74; Cook 2009, p. 124.
- ^ Flotyński 2020, p. 39; Berlemann & Mangold 2009, p. 194.
- ^ Gensler 2006, p. xliii; Font & Jansana 2017, p. 8.
- ^ Haack 1978, pp. 1–10, Philosophy of logics; Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 31–32; Jacquette 2006, pp. 1–12, Introduction: Philosophy of logic today.
- ^ Moore & Carling 1982, p. 53; Enderton 2001, pp. 12–13, Sentential Logic.
- ^ Lepore & Cumming 2012, p. 5.
- ^ Wasilewska 2018, pp. 145–6; Rathjen & Sieg 2022.
- ^ Sider 2010, pp. 34–42; Shapiro & Kouri Kissel 2022; Bimbo 2016, pp. 8–9.
- ^ Restall & Standefer 2023, pp. 91; Enderton 2001, pp. 131–146, Chapter 2.5; van Dalen 1994, Chapter 1.5.
- ^ Jacquette 2006, pp. 1–12, Introduction: Philosophy of logic today; Smith 2022; Groarke.
- ^ Haack 1996, 1. 'Alternative' in 'Alternative Logic'.
- ^ Haack 1978, pp. 1–10, Philosophy of logics; Haack 1996, 1. 'Alternative' in 'Alternative Logic'; Wolf 1978, pp. 327–340.
- ^ Hintikka 2019, §Nature and varieties of logic, §Alternative logics; Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 27–8; Bäck 2016, p. 317.
- ^ Shapiro & Kouri Kissel 2022.
- ^ Burgess 2009, 1. Classical logic.
- ^ Jacquette 2006, pp. 1–12, Introduction: Philosophy of logic today; Borchert 2006c, Logic, Non-Classical; Goble 2001, Introduction.
- ^ Brody 2006, pp. 535–536.
- ^ Klement 1995b.
- ^ Shapiro & Kouri Kissel 2022; Honderich 2005, philosophical logic; Michaelson & Reimer 2019.
- ^ Nolt 2021; Magnus 2005, 4 Quantified logic.
- ^ Bunnin & Yu 2009, p. 179; Garson 2023, Introduction.
- ^ Garson 2023; Sadegh-Zadeh 2015, p. 983.
- ^ Fitch 2014, p. 17.
- ^ Garson 2023; Carnielli & Pizzi 2008, p. 3; Benthem.
- ^ Garson 2023.
- ^ Rendsvig & Symons 2021.
- ^ Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic; Väänänen 2021; Ketland 2005, Second Order Logic.
- ^ Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic; Väänänen 2021; Daintith & Wright 2008, Predicate calculus.
- ^ Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic; Ketland 2005, Second Order Logic.
- ^ Haack 1996, 1. 'Alternative' in 'Alternative Logic'; Wolf 1978, pp. 327–340.
- ^ a b Moschovakis 2022; Borchert 2006c, Logic, Non-Classical.
- ^ Borchert 2006c, Logic, Non-Classical; Bridges et al. 2023, pp. 73–74; Friend 2014, p. 101.
- ^ Sider 2010, Chapter 3.4; Gamut 1991, 5.5; Zegarelli 2010, p. 30.
- ^ Hájek 2006.
- ^ Borchert 2006c, Logic, Non-Classical; Priest, Tanaka & Weber 2018; Weber.
- ^ Priest, Tanaka & Weber 2018; Weber; Haack 1996, Introduction.
- ^ Hintikka 2019, §Logic and other disciplines; Haack 1978, pp. 1–10, Philosophy of logics.
- ^ Hintikka 2019, lead section, §Features and problems of logic; Gödel 1984, pp. 447–469, Russell's mathematical logic; Monk 1976, pp. 1–9, Introduction.
- ^ Jacquette 2006, pp. 1–12, Introduction: Philosophy of logic today.
- ^ Jacquette 2006, pp. 1–12, Introduction: Philosophy of logic today; Burgess 2009, 1. Classical logic.
- ^ Goble 2001, Introduction; Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 31–32.
- ^ Gensler 2006, pp. xliii–xliv; Sider 2010, pp. 4–6; Schagrin.
- ^ Irvine 2022.
- ^ Li 2010, p. ix; Rautenberg 2010, p. 15; Quine 1981, p. 1; Stolyar 1984, p. 2.
- ^ Stolyar 1984, pp. 3–6.
- ^ Hintikka & Spade, Gödel's incompleteness theorems; Linsky 2011, p. 4; Richardson 1998, p. 15.
- ^ Bagaria 2021; Cunningham.
- ^ Borchert 2006a, Computability Theory; Leary & Kristiansen 2015, p. 195.
- ^ Paulson 2018, pp. 1–14; Castaño 2018, p. 2; Wile, Goss & Roesner 2005, p. 447.
- ^ Clocksin & Mellish 2003, pp. 237–238, 252–255, 257, The Relation of Prolog to Logic; Daintith & Wright 2008, Logic Programming Languages.
- ^ O'Regan 2016, p. 49; Calderbank & Sloane 2001, pp. 768.
- ^ Daintith & Wright 2008, Logic Gate.
- ^ Janssen & Zimmermann 2021, pp. 3–4; Partee 2016; King 2009, pp. 557–8; Aloni & Dekker 2016, pp. 22–23.
- ^ Warren 2020, 6. The Epistemology of Logic; Schechter.
- ^ Warren 2020, 6. The Epistemology of Logic.
- ^ Schechter.
- ^ Gómez-Torrente 2019.
- ^ Warren 2020, 6. The Epistemology of Logic; Gómez-Torrente 2019; Warren 2020, 1. What is Conventionalism.
- ^ Chua 2017, pp. 631–636; Wilce 2021; Putnam 1969, pp. 216–241.
- ^ Groarke.
- ^ Lagerlund 2018.
- ^ Spade & Panaccio 2019.
- ^ Haaparanta 2009, pp. 4–6, 1. Introduction; Hintikka & Spade, Modern logic, Logic since 1900.
- ^ Kline 1972, "A major achievement of Aristotle was the founding of the science of logic", p. 53; Łukasiewicz 1957, p. 7; Liu & Guo 2023, p. 15.
- ^ Knuuttila 1980, p. 71; Fisher, Gabbay & Vila 2005, p. 119.
- ^ Berman 2009, p. 133.
- ^ Frede; Groarke.
- ^ Ewald 2019; Smith 2022.
論理学
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2021/08/06 23:40 UTC 版)
名詞
発音(?)
- ろ↗んり↘がく
翻訳
- アイルランド語: loighic (ga) 女性
- アゼルバイジャン語: məntiq (az)
- アラビア語: منطق (ar) (mánTaq) 男性
- アルメニア語: տրամաբանություն (hy) (tramabanutʿyun)
- イタリア語: logica (it) 女性
- 英語: logic (en)
- ガリシア語: lóxica (gl) 女性
- ギリシア語: λογική (el) (logikí) 女性
- スウェーデン語: logik (sv) 通性
- スロヴァキア語: logika (sk) 女性
- スロヴェニア語: logika (sl) 女性
- セルビア・クロアチア語: lògika (sh) 女性, mislovlje (sh) 中性
- チェコ語: logika (cs) 女性
- ドイツ語: Logik (de) 女性
- トルコ語: mantık (tr)
- ノルウェー語: logikk (no) 男性
- フランス語: logique (fr) 女性
- ヘブライ語: הגיון (he) (higayon) 男性
- ペルシア語: منطق (fa) (manteq)
- ポーランド語: logika (pl) 女性
- ポルトガル語: lógica (pt) 女性
- マケドニア語: логика (mk) (lógika) 女性
- ロシア語: логика (ru) (lógika) 女性
「論理学」の例文・使い方・用例・文例
- 論理学
- 内包的論理学
- 論理学の基礎を作ったのはソクラテスである。
- とりわけ、論理学には正確な定義が要求される。
- その巻末には修辞学と論理学の技法についての2編の短い大要があり、後者はソクラテス式論争方の見本で結ばれていた。
- 【論理学】 名辞矛盾 《たとえば a round square (丸い四角形)》.
- 【論理学】 相関名辞 《「親」と「子」など》.
- 形式論理学.
- アリストテレスは論理学の基礎を築いた.
- 演繹(えんえき)[帰納]論理学.
- 論理学者
- 形式的論理学者は、実存的な問題に関心を持たない−ジョーン・デューイ
- 記号論理学
- 数学のすべては形式論理学から導かれるという哲学理論
- ジョージ・ブールが考案した記号論理学の体系
- 個々を表わし断定する記号論理学、および個々における量化のシステム(提案の関係と同様に)
- 必然性、可能性、偶然性の様相論理学
- 義務と許可の様相論理学
- 知識、不確実性、無知の様相論理学
- 信仰、不信仰の様相論理学
論理学と同じ種類の言葉
固有名詞の分類
- 論理学のページへのリンク