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Houthi

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Houthi movement
ٱلْحُوثِيُّون
Ansar Allah
أَنْصَار ٱللَّٰه
Leaders
Spokesperson Mohammed Abdul Salam[1]
Dates of operation 1994–ongoing
(armed since 2004)
Headquarters Saada and Sanaa, Yemen
Active regions Yemen (includes Saudi Arabia–Yemen border)[2]
Ideology
Size 100,000 (2011)[25][26]
200,000 (2020)[27]
Allies

State allies

Non-state allies

Opponents

State opponents

Non-state opponents

Battles and wars Houthi insurgency in Yemen, Yemeni Crisis (the Yemeni Revolution, the Yemeni Civil War, the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and the Saudi–Yemeni border conflict (2015–present))
Designated as a terrorist group by

 Yemen (Alimi led government) [71][72]

 Saudi Arabia[73]
 United Arab Emirates[74]
 Malaysia[75]
Website Ansarollah.com

Houthi (A-la-pek-gí: الحوثيون‎‎ al-Ḥūthiyyūn), chèng-sek hō-miâ Ansar Allah (أنصار الله anṣār allāh "Sîn ê Chi-chhî-chiá") sī Yemen ê chi̍t-ê Zayd-hē Shia-phài ê chong-kàu kiam chèng-tī sè-le̍k.

Tsù-kái

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
  1. ↑ "Mohammed Abdul Salam denies news in Saudi channel". Yemen Press. goân-loē-iông tī 27 August 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 28 August 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  2. ↑ "Infographic: Yemen's war explained in maps and charts". Al Jazeera. 9 Feb 2022 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  3. ↑ "What is the Houthi Movement?". Tony Blair Faith Foundation. 25 September 2014. goân-loē-iông tī 6 October 2014 hőng khó͘-pih. 2 October 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mohammed Almahfali, James Root (2020-02-13). "How Iran's Islamic Revolution Does, and Does Not, Influence Houthi Rule in Northern Yemen". Sana'a Center For Strategic Studies (ēng Eng-gí). 2023-04-04 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 The World Almanac of Islamism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 27 October 2011. ISBN 9781442207158. goân-loē-iông tī 17 January 2023 hőng khó͘-pih. 6 November 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  6. ↑ "The Islamist philosophy 'Qutbism' could be entering America's national security vernacular". The Hill. 19 December 2017. goân-loē-iông tī 17 August 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 19 December 2017 khòaⁿ--ê. McMaster’s Qutbism comments are occurring simultaneously with U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Halley’s proof of Iranian support for Houthi missiles. The timing of the Trump administration’s push connects the dots between Iran, Houthis and Qutabists supported by Turkey and Qatar. 
  7. ↑ "Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention" (PDF). Congressional Research. 8 December 2020. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 7 August 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 February 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. The Houthi movement (formally known as Ansar Allahor Partisans of God) is a predominantly Zaydi Shia revivalist political and insurgent movement formed in the northern Yemeni governorate of Saada under the leadership of members of the Houthi family. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Cameron Glenn (29 May 2018). "Who are Yemen's Houthis?". Wilson Center. goân-loē-iông tī 20 April 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 April 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  9. ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī nagi
  10. ↑ Tucker, Spencer C. (8 October 2010). The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts [5 volumes]: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts. ABC-CLIO. p. 539. ISBN 9781851099481. goân-loē-iông tī 17 January 2023 hőng khó͘-pih. 18 September 2019 khòaⁿ--ê – via Google Books. 
  11. ↑ American Foreign Policy Council (27 October 2011). The World Almanac of Islamism: 2011. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 250. ISBN 9781442207158. goân-loē-iông tī 17 January 2023 hőng khó͘-pih. 18 September 2019 khòaⁿ--ê – via Google Books. 
  12. ↑ Wells, Madeleine (27 February 2012). "Yemen's Houthi movement and the revolution". goân-loē-iông tī 24 January 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 18 September 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  13. ↑ Hill, Ginny (18 September 2017). Yemen Endures: Civil War, Saudi Adventurism and the Future of Arabia. Oxford University Press. p. 266. ISBN 9780190842369. goân-loē-iông tī 17 January 2023 hőng khó͘-pih. 18 September 2019 khòaⁿ--ê – via Google Books. 
  14. ↑ Asher Orkaby (25 March 2015). "Houthi Who? A History of Unlikely Alliances in an Uncertain Yemen". Foreign Affairs. goân-loē-iông tī 12 August 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 April 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Houthis". Sabwa Center. 7 October 2022. 18 September 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  16. ↑ "Yemen Issue and Solution Alternatives". ResearchGate. goân-loē-iông tī 2 March 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 1 March 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Plotter, Alex (4 June 2015). "Yemen in crisis". Esquire. goân-loē-iông tī 23 July 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 5 September 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  18. ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Yemen: Treatment of Sunni Muslims by Houthis in areas under Houthi control (2014 – September 2017)". Refworld. goân-loē-iông tī 17 June 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 7 July 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. a Research Associate at the London Middle East Institute at the University of London [...] noted that most of the area controlled by the Houthis is inhabited by Zaydis. But they also have many Sunni supporters in the areas they control [...] Since the Houthis have effectively taken over the country, they have been suspicious of Sunnis. The group believes that those who do not swear allegiance to it are working with the Saudi-led coalition. As a result, Sunnis have been discriminated against... Sunnis face discrimination that those of the Zaydi persuasion to which the Huthis belong do not experience. This includes women... in issues such as education, the curriculum has been changed by the Houthis to be "more sectarian and [intolerant]"  
  19. ↑ "Houthis revive Shiite festivals to strengthen grip on north". Al-Monitor. 8 August 2021. goân-loē-iông tī 15 August 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. Since the Houthi seizure of Sanaa in 2014, the group has brought new sectarian pressure to Yemen's north, forcing both Shiites and Sunnis to observe Shiite customs 
  20. ↑ MAYSAA SHUJA AL-DEEN. "Yemen's War-torn Rivalries for Religious Education". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 7 June 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  21. ↑ "Why Washington May Side With Yemen's New anti-American Rulers". Haaretz. goân-loē-iông tī 2 May 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 March 2022 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  22. ↑ "Yemeni embassy in DC condemns 'anti-American', 'anti-Semitic' Houthi ceremony". english.alarabiya.net. 7 November 2020. goân-loē-iông tī 2 May 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 March 2022 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  23. ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī nyt
  24. ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī yementimes.com
  25. ↑ Almasmari, Hakim. "Medics: Militants raid Yemen town, killing dozens Archived 29 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine.", CNN, 27 November 2011.
  26. ↑ Houthis Kill 24 in North Yemen Archived 19 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine., 27 November 2011.
  27. ↑ "The myth of stability: Infighting and repression in Houthi-controlled territories". OCHA. 10 February 2021. 10 February 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  28. ↑ "الجيش اليمني مدعوماً بأنصار الله يهاجم تحالف العدوان ومرتزقته في معاقله بتعز" [The Yemeni army, backed by Ansar Allah, attacks the coalition of aggression and its mercenaries in its strongholds in Taiz]. عاجل Breaking News (ēng A-la-pek-gí). goân-loē-iông tī 4 July 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 4 July 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī Iran_support
  30. ↑ "Yemen's Houthi-led govt appoints new envoy to Syria". Middle East Monitor. 12 November 2020. goân-loē-iông tī 13 November 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 30 March 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. Yemen's Houthi-led National Salvation Government (NSG) has appointed a new ambassador to Syria, one of the countries alongside Iran which recognises the Sanaa-based government. 
  31. ↑ "North Korea's Balancing Act in the Persian Gulf". The Huffington Post. 17 August 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 17 August 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 17 August 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. North Korea's military support for Houthi rebels in Yemen is the latest manifestation of its support for anti-American forces. 
  32. ↑ "The September 14 drone attack on Saudi oil fields: North Korea's potential role | NK News". 30 September 2019. goân-loē-iông tī 11 October 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 11 October 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  33. ↑ "North Korea is hiding nukes and selling weapons, alleges confidential UN report". CNN. 5 February 2019. goân-loē-iông tī 1 June 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 5 February 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. The summary also accuses North Korea of violating a UN arms embargo and supplying small arms, light weapons and other military equipment to Libya, Sudan, and Houthi rebels in Yemen, through foreign intermediaries. 
  34. ↑ "Secret UN report reveals North Korea attempts to supply Houthis with weapons". Al-Arabiya. 4 August 2018. goân-loē-iông tī 4 August 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 4 August 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. The report said that experts were investigating efforts by the North Korean Ministry of Military Equipment and Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID) to supply conventional arms and ballistic missiles to Yemen’s Houthi group. 
  35. ↑ "Panel investigates North Korean weapon used in Mogadishu attack on UN compound". 3 March 2021. goân-loē-iông tī 8 April 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 March 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  36. ↑ "Just how neutral is Oman in Yemen war?". AL-MONITOR. 12 October 2016. goân-loē-iông tī 18 October 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 17 October 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. Just how neutral is Oman in Yemen war?" 
  37. ↑ "Yemen War and Qatar Crisis Challenge Oman's Neutrality". Middle East Institute. 6 July 2017. goân-loē-iông tī 18 October 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 17 October 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. Yemen War and Qatar Crisis Challenge Oman’s Neutrality 
  38. ↑ "Oman is a mediator in Yemen. Can it play the same role in Qatar?". The Washington Post. 22 July 2017. goân-loē-iông tī 18 October 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 17 October 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. Oman is a mediator in Yemen. Can it play the same role in Qatar? 
  39. ↑ "Oman denies arms smuggled through border to Houthis". Middle East Eye. goân-loē-iông tī 26 April 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 June 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  40. ↑ "Houthi rise in Yemen raises alarm in Horn of Africa". www.worldbulletin.net. goân-loē-iông tī 13 August 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 August 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  41. ↑ "Mana'a and al-Ahmar received money from Gaddafi to shake security of KSA, Yemen". 4 September 2011. goân-loē-iông tī 10 February 2013 hőng khó͘-pih. 2 March 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  42. ↑ Dagres, Holly (2021-04-09). "Russia is friendly with the Houthis in Yemen. But it's complicated". Atlantic Council (ēng Eng-gí). 2023-04-08 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  43. ↑ Shahbazov, Fuad (2019). "Russia's Growing Role in Yemen". Academia. goân-loē-iông tī 2 May 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 3 March 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  44. ↑ "Yemen's Military: From the Tribal Army to the Warlords". 19 March 2018. goân-loē-iông tī 14 June 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 2 July 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  45. ↑ "Yemen's General People's Congress calls for 'uniting against Iranian project'". English.AlArabiya.net. 3 December 2017. goân-loē-iông tī 24 June 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 1 January 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  46. ↑ "Death of a leader: Where next for Yemen's GPC after murder of Saleh?". Middle East Eye. 23 January 2018. goân-loē-iông tī 23 January 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 31 May 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  47. ↑ "Source: Hezbollah, Iran helping Hawthi rebels boost control of Yemen's capital". Haaretz. 27 September 2014. goân-loē-iông tī 2 April 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 31 March 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  48. ↑ Rafi, Salman (2 October 2015). "How Saudi Arabia's aggressive foreign policy is playing against itself". Asia Times. goân-loē-iông tī 29 September 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 23 January 2016 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  49. ↑ "Iraq's Nujaba, Yemen's Ansarullah Discuss US Threats – World news". goân-loē-iông tī 11 May 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 9 October 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  50. ↑ "State Department Report 1: Iran's Support for Terrorism". The Iran Primer. 2018-09-28. goân-loē-iông tī 2 May 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-02-28 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  51. ↑ "Houthis, Hamas merge diplomacy around prisoner releases - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East". 5 January 2021. 
  52. ↑ "Hamas awards 'Shield of Honor' to Houthi representative in Yemen, sparking outrage in Saudi Arabia". 16 June 2021. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.5 "Egypt, Jordan, Sudan and Pakistan ready for ground offensive in Yemen: report". The Globe and Mail. 26 March 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 26 March 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 26 March 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  54. ↑ "Saudi Arabia launches airstrikes in Yemen". CNN. 26 March 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 20 June 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 25 March 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  55. ↑ "SOMALIA: Somalia finally pledges support to Saudi-led coalition in Yemen – Raxanreeb Online". RBC Radio. 7 April 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 7 April 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 7 April 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  56. ↑ "France Should Stop Fueling Saudi War Crimes in Yemen". Human Rights Watch. 17 May 2019. goân-loē-iông tī 26 May 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 28 March 2022 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  57. ↑ "Yemen: Why is the war there getting more violent?". BBC News. 22 March 2022. goân-loē-iông tī 28 July 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 28 March 2022 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  58. ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī :24
  59. ↑ "Yemen's Houthis: New members of Iran's anti-Israeli/anti-American axis". JPost.com. 1 January 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  60. ↑ "Exclusive: UK Helping Saudi's Yemen Campaign". Sky News. 7 January 2016. goân-loē-iông tī 28 March 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 28 March 2022 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  61. ↑ "Yemen's Houthis: New members of Iran's anti-Israeli/anti-American axis". Jerusalem Post. goân-loē-iông tī 17 January 2023 hőng khó͘-pih. 5 October 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  62. ↑ "Rebels in Yemen abduct Sunni rivals amid Saudi airstrikes". 5 April 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 15 May 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 December 2018 khòaⁿ--ê – via The CBS News. Muslim Brotherhood's branch in Yemen and a traditional power player in Yemen, had declared its support for the Saudi-led coalition bombing campaign against the rebels and their allies. 
  63. ↑ "Hamas supports military operation for political legitimacy in Yemen". 29 March 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 8 April 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 17 August 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  64. ↑ "Saudi Arabia's Problematic Allies against the Houthis". 14 February 2016. goân-loē-iông tī 18 April 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 December 2018 khòaⁿ--ê – via www.thecairoreview.com. Saudi Arabia made sure to repair its relations with the MB Islah Party.. Consequently, Islah, which can get the job done in parts of northern Yemen, is one of a wide range of anti-Houthi/Saleh elements 
  65. ↑ "Who are Yemen's Houthis?". 29 April 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 19 April 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 December 2018 khòaⁿ--ê – via Wilson Center. The Houthis have a tense relationship with Islah, a Sunni Islamist party with links to the Muslim Brotherhood. Islah claims the Houthis are an Iranian proxy, and blames them for sparking unrest in Yemen. The Houthis, on the other hand, have accused Islah of cooperating with al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). 
  66. ↑ "Al-Qaeda Announces Holy War against Houthis- Yemen Post English Newspaper Online". yemenpost.net. goân-loē-iông tī 21 October 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 6 November 2011 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  67. ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī salafi
  68. ↑ "Islamic State leader urges attacks in Saudi Arabia: speech". Reuters. 13 November 2014. goân-loē-iông tī 19 February 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 26 February 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  69. ↑ "3 STC fighters killed in Houthi attack in southern Yemen". Middle East Monitor. 30 September 2022. 30 September 2022 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  70. ↑ Safi, Michael; Robertson, Joshua (8 December 2015). "Australian mercenary reportedly killed in Yemen clashes". The Guardian. goân-loē-iông tī 3 November 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 December 2018 khòaⁿ--ê – via www.theguardian.com. 
  71. ↑ "Yemen's National Defense Council labels Houthis as terror group". 
  72. ↑ "Houthis added to Yemen's terrorist list". 25 October 2022. 
  73. ↑ "Saudi Arabia designates Muslim Brotherhood terrorist group". Reuters. 7 March 2014. goân-loē-iông tī 27 June 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 27 June 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  74. ↑ "مجلس الوزراء يعتمد قائمة التنظيمات الإرهابية. | Wam". goân-loē-iông tī 2014-11-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 
  75. ↑ "LIST OF INDIVIDUALS, ENTITIES AND OTHER GROUPS AND UNDERTAKINGS DECLARED BY THE MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS AS SPECIFIED ENTITY UNDER SECTION 66B(1)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs of Malaysia. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 9 October 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 4 March 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. 
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