Tn̂g-chio̍h

Tn̂g-chio̍h (Hàn-jī: 長石; Eng-gí: feldspar) sī chi̍t chióng chō-gâm khòng-bu̍t ê cho̍k-kûn, sio̍k-tī ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm khòng-bu̍t, sêng-hūn ū a-lú-mih, koh ū pau-hâm sodium, calcium, potassium ia̍h-sī barium.^[1] The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) tn̂g-chio̍h kap alkali (potassium-sodium) tn̂g-chio̍h.^[2] Tē-khak liōng-iok ū 60% lóng sī tn̂g-chio̍h,^[1] tē-kiû ê tāi-lio̍k tē-khak mā ū 41% ê tāng-liōng sī tn̂g-chio̍h.^[3]^[4]

Sêng-hūn

Tn̂g-chio̍h chit khoán khòng-bu̍t ê chú-iàu sêng-hūn sī ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm (罟仔珪酸鹽). Chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê tn̂g-chio̍h, in ê sêng-hūn ē-sái ēng saⁿ chióng toan-sêng-hūn lâi piáu-ta̍t:

chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h (正長石) toan-sêng-hūn K Al Si₃O₈
chô-tn̂g-chio̍h (曹長石) toan-sêng-hūn NaAlSi₃O₈^[5]
hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h (灰長石) toan-sêng-hūn CaAl₂Si₂O₈^[5]

Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h (鹼長石). Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò chhiâ-tn̂g-chio̍h (斜長石)^[5]. Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h kan-taⁿ ē-tàng sio-lām chò iú-hān ê kò͘-thé iông-ek, bē chiâⁿ-chò khòng-bu̍t; occurs between K-feldspar and anorthite, and in the two other solid solutions, immiscibility occurs at temperatures common in the crust of the Earth. Albite is considered both a plagioclase and alkali feldspar.

Kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h

Kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h ū nn̄g chióng: chi̍t chióng pau-koat ka-lí, koh kap nā-tú-lih, a-lú-mih, ia̍h ke-sò͘ ê cho͘-ha̍p; lēng-gōa chi̍t chióng sī kā ka-lí ōaⁿ-chò barium.

orthoclase (monoclinic) KAlSi
3O
8
sanidine (monoclinic) (K,Na)AlSi
3O
8
microcline (triclinic) KAlSi
3O
8
anorthoclase (triclinic) (Na,K)AlSi
3O
8

Ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h

Buddingtonite sī chi̍t chióng ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h, hòa-ha̍k-sek sī NH₄AlSi₃O₈.

Barium tn̂g-chio̍h

Barium tn̂g-chio̍h lóng sī toaⁿ-chhoa̍h ê cheng-thé, ū pau-koat

celsian BaAl
2Si
2O
8^[6]
hyalophane (K,Ba)(Al,Si)
4O
8^[7]

Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h

Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h sī saⁿ-chhoa̍h ê cheng-thé. Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h ū hē-lia̍t (hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h ê phă-siàn-tò͘ siá tī leh goe̍h-bâi-tiám lāi):

chô-tn̂g-chio̍h (0 ~ 10) NaAlSi
3O
8
oligoclase (10 ~ 30) (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)AlSi
2O
8
andesine (30 ~ 50) NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8
labradorite (50 ~ 70) (Ca,Na)Al(Al,Si)Si
2O
8
bytownite (70 ~ 90) (NaSi,CaAl)AlSi
2O
8
hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h (90 ~ 100) CaAl
2Si
2O
8

Kiat-kò͘

Tn̂g-chio̍h sī chéng-thé kiat-kò͘ ê ki-pún tan-ūi sī “a-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm sì-bīn-thé” (Hàn-jī: a-lú-mih 珪酸鹽四面體; Eng-gí: aluminosilicate tetrahedra). Ta̍k-ê sì-bīn-thé ê cho͘-sêng lóng sī án-ne: tiong-ng ū chi̍t ê a-lú-mih ia̍h-sī ke-sò͘ lī-chú, piⁿ-·á hō͘ sì ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú ûi-·khí-lâi. Ta̍k-ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú iū-koh chiap-tio̍h kè-piah ê sì-bīn-thé, chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê sam-chhù-goân ê bāng-lō͘. A-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm sì-bīn-thé tī tn̂g-chio̍h lāi-té ê kiat-kò͘ sī tn̂g tiâu liān-á, chhit-oai-poeh-choāi, ná-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á.

Tn̂g-chio̍h kiat-kò͘ ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, khòaⁿ-·khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á.
Iân c te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘
Iân a te̍k khòaⁿ tn̂g-chio̍h cheng-thé kiat-kò͘
c

Sû-goân

Eng-gí miâ feldspar sī tùi Tek-gí Feldspat lâi--ê, che sī Feld (chhân) and Spat (phiáⁿ [鉼]) ha̍p--khí-lâi ê ha̍p-sêng-sû. Spat ê “chiok gâu li̍h--khui pìⁿ chi̍t phiáⁿ ê chio̍h-thâu”; Feldspat chit-ê sû sī 18 sè-kí chiah khai-sí ū khah te̍k-pia̍t ê ì-sù, khó-lêng sī in-ūi lâng chin chia̍p hō͘ lâng tiàm chhân--lí ê chio̍h-thâu téng-koân chhōe--tio̍h (Urban Brückmann, 1783); lēng-gōa chi̍t ê kóng-hoat sī kóng, i tī hoa-kong-gâm ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ gâm-chio̍h lāi-té chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t phìⁿ, kaⁿ-ná “chhân” kāng-khoán (René-Just Haüy, 1804).^[8]

Hong-hòa

Seng-sán kap lō͘-ēng

Siòng-phìⁿ

Specimen of rare plumbian (lead-rich) feldspar
Perched on crystallized, white feldspar is an upright 4 cm aquamarine crystal
Feldspar and moonstone, from Sonora, Mexico
Schorl crystal on a cluster of euhedral feldspar crystals
First X-ray view of Martian soil—feldspar, pyroxenes, olivine revealed (Curiosity rover at "Rocknest", October 17, 2012).^[9]
Lunar ferrous anorthosite #60025 (plagioclase feldspar). Collected by Apollo 16 from the Lunar Highlands near Descartes Crater. This sample is currently on display at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

Chham-khó chu-liāu

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Neuendorf, K.K.E.; Mehl, Jr., J.P.; Jackson, J.A. (editors) (2005). Glossary of Geology (5th pán.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 232. ISBN 978-0922152896.
↑ Deer, W.A; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (2001). Rock-forming Minerals (2nd edition) Volume 4A. London: Geological Society of London. p. 2. ISBN 1-86239-081-9.
↑ Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne P. (2010). Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes. Cambridge University Press. p. 187. ISBN 9781139788700.
↑ Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003). "Composition of the Continental Crust". Chū Holland, H. D.; Turekian, K. K. Treatise on Geochemistry. Treatise on Geochemistry. 3. New York: Elsevier Science. pp. 1–64. Bibcode:2003TrGeo...3....1R. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4. ISBN 978-0-08-043751-4.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī feldspar
↑ Celsian–orthoclase series on Mindat.org.
↑ Celsian–hyalophane series on Mindat.org.
↑ Lüschen, Hans (1979). Die Namen der Steine. Das Mineralreich im Spiegel der Sprache (ēng Tek-gí). Thun: Ott Verlag. p. 215. ISBN 3-7225-6265-1.
↑ Brown, Dwayne (October 30, 2012). "NASA Rover's First Soil Studies Help Fingerprint Martian Minerals". NASA. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-06-03 hőng khó͘-pih. October 31, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Neuendorf, K.K.E.; Mehl, Jr., J.P.; Jackson, J.A. (editors) (2005). Glossary of Geology (5th pán.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 232. ISBN 978-0922152896.

[DeerHowieZussman2001-2] Deer, W.A; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (2001). Rock-forming Minerals (2nd edition) Volume 4A. London: Geological Society of London. p. 2. ISBN 1-86239-081-9.

[3] Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne P. (2010). Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes. Cambridge University Press. p. 187. ISBN 9781139788700.

[Rudnick2003-4] Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003). "Composition of the Continental Crust". Chū Holland, H. D.; Turekian, K. K. Treatise on Geochemistry. Treatise on Geochemistry. 3. New York: Elsevier Science. pp. 1–64. Bibcode:2003TrGeo...3....1R. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4. ISBN 978-0-08-043751-4.

[feldspar-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī feldspar

[6] Celsian–orthoclase series on Mindat.org.

[7] Celsian–hyalophane series on Mindat.org.

[Lüschen-8] Lüschen, Hans (1979). Die Namen der Steine. Das Mineralreich im Spiegel der Sprache (ēng Tek-gí). Thun: Ott Verlag. p. 215. ISBN 3-7225-6265-1.

[NASA-20121030-9] Brown, Dwayne (October 30, 2012). "NASA Rover's First Soil Studies Help Fingerprint Martian Minerals". NASA. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-06-03 hőng khó͘-pih. October 31, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]