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古以色列人

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書
  提示:呢篇文講嘅唔係以色列人猶太人

古以色列人/ˈɪzrəlts, -riə-/[1][2] 希伯來文בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל‎,羅馬拼音:Bənēy Yīsrāʾēl意思係 以色列之民」)係一班閃語族群嘅部落,喺鐵器時代期間住喺迦南[3][4][5][6]

古以色列人嘅會幕嘅模型

“以色列”呢個名,最先喺法老麥倫普塔英文Mernaptah喺主前1200年代所寫嘅版塊出現。現代嘅考古學發現,古以色列人係由迦南人分支出嚟,之後發展咗圍繞住耶和華一神論宗教[7][8][9][10][11]。佢哋講迦南話嘅一種方言,之後演變成爲聖經希伯來文[12]。喺鐵器時代期間,以色列聯合王國出現咗。喺王國分裂之後,北國以色列喺主前720年代俾亞述毀滅[13],而南國猶大就喺主前586年俾巴比倫消滅[14]。古以色列人有部分俾人驅逐咗去巴比倫,但係喺居魯士大帝掌權之後,佢哋返咗去以色列[15][16]

根據《聖經》記載,以色列人係雅各嘅後代,之後改咗名叫“以色列”。喺經過迦南地嘅一次旱災之後,雅各同佢嘅12個仔逃咗去古埃及,成爲以色列十二支派。以色列人喺埃及耐咗之後成爲咗奴隸,並喺摩西嘅帶領之下,成功逃離埃及,喺約書亞之下,成功佔據迦南。

大部分嘅學家都認爲妥拉嘅記載並唔完全合乎現實,反而係一種國家神話,但係内容嘅中心應該有真實嘅歷史背景[17]。聖經所提及嘅聯合王國亦同樣受唔同嘅學家質疑[18][19]

猶太人撒瑪利亞人都係以古以色列人為祖先[20][21][22][23]。猶太人嚟自猶大支派便雅憫支派、同部分嘅利未支派。撒瑪利亞人嚟自約瑟支派入面嘅以法蓮支派瑪拿西支派、同埋留咗喺迦南地嘅利未支派。有其他族群都有聲稱嚟自古以色列人。

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  11. Collins, Steven; Holden, Joseph M. (2020-02-18). The Harvest Handbook of Bible Lands: A Panoramic Survey of the History, Geography, and Culture of the Scriptures (英文). Harvest House Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7369-7542-1. At its inception, early Yahwism had animistic and polytheistic elements
  12. Steiner, Richard C. (1997), "Ancient Hebrew", in Hetzron, Robert (ed.), The Semitic Languages, Routledge, pp. 145–173, ISBN 978-0-415-05767-7
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  19. Lipschits, Oded (2014). "The history of Israel in the biblical period". 出自 Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (編). The Jewish Study Bible (英文) (第2版). Oxford University Press. pp. 2107–2119. ISBN 978-0-19-997846-5. 原先內容歸檔喺9 April 2023. 喺16 May 2022搵到.
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