Atta capiguara

Atta capiguara
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Attini
Genus:	Atta
Species:	A. capiguara
Binomial name
Atta capiguara Gonçalves, 1944 Specimen Labels

This species was found to be a pest in pastures in Paraguay, feeding on the grasses Cynodon nlemfuensis, Megathyrsus maximus, Paspalum notatum, Urochloa brizantha, Urochloa decumbens and Urochloa ruziziensis (Sarubbi & Ramirez, 2020).

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: -20.846111° to -23.37321699°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Argentina, Brazil (type locality), Paraguay.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Explore Fungus Growing  For additional details see Fungus growing ants. A handful of ant species (approx. 275 out of the known 15,000 species) have developed the ability to cultivate fungus within their nests. In most species the fungus is used as the sole food source for the larvae and is an important resource for the adults as well. Additionally, in a limited number of cases, the fungus is used to construct part of the nest structure but is not as a food source. These fungus-feeding species are limited to North and South America, extending from the pine barrens of New Jersey, United States, in the north (Trachymyrmex septentrionalis) to the cold deserts in Argentina in the south (several species of Acromyrmex). Species that use fungi in nest construction are known from Europe and Africa (a few species in the genera Crematogaster, Lasius). The details of fungal cultivation are rich and complex. First, a wide variety of materials are used as substrate for fungus cultivating. The so-called lower genera include species that prefer dead vegetation, seeds, flowers, fruits, insect corpses, and feces, which are collected in the vicinity of their nests. The higher genera include non leaf-cutting species that collect mostly fallen leaflets, fruit, and flowers, as well as the leafcutters that collect fresh leaves from shrubs and trees. Second, while the majority of fungi that are farmed by fungus-feeding ants belong to the family Lepiotaceae, mostly the genera Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus, other fungi are also involved. Some species utilise fungi in the family Tricholomataceae while a few others cultivate yeast. The fungi used by the higher genera no longer produce spores. Their fungi produce nutritious and swollen hyphal tips (gongylidia) that grow in bundles called staphylae, to specifically feed the ants. Finally, colony size varies tremendously among these ants. Lower taxa mostly live in inconspicuous nests with 100–1000 individuals and relatively small fungus gardens. Higher taxa, in contrast, live in colonies made of 5–10 million ants that live and work within hundreds of interconnected fungus-bearing chambers in huge subterranean nests. Some colonies are so large, they can be seen from satellite photos, measuring up to 600 m3. Based on these habits, and taking phylogenetic information into consideration, these ants can be divided into six biologically distinct agricultural systems (with a list of genera involved in each category): Nest Construction A limited number of species that use fungi in the construction of their nests. some Crematogaster some Lasius Lower Agriculture Practiced by species in the majority of fungus-feeding genera, including those thought to retain more primitive features, which cultivate a wide range of fungal species in the tribe Leucocoprineae. some Apterostigma Cyatta (1 species) some Cyphomyrmex Kalathomyrmex (1 species) Mycocepurus (6 species) Myrmicocrypta (31 species) Mycetarotes (4 species) Mycetosoritis (2 species) Mycetophylax (21 species) Paramycetophylax (1 species) Xerolitor (1 species) Coral Fungus Agriculture Practiced by species in the Apterostigma pilosum species-group, which cultivate fungi within the Pterulaceae. some Apterostigma Yeast Agriculture Practiced by species within the Cyphomyrmex rimosus species-group, which cultivate a distinct clade of leucocoprineaceous fungi derived from the lower attine fungi. some Cyphomyrmex Generalized Higher Agriculture Practiced by species in several genera of non-leaf-cutting "higher attine" ants, which cultivate a distinct clade of leucocoprineaceous fungi separately derived from the lower attine fungi. Mycetomoellerius (31 species) Paratrachymyrmex (9 species) Sericomyrmex (11 species) Trachymyrmex (9 species) Leaf-Cutter Agriculture A subdivision of higher attine agriculture practiced by species within several ecologically dominant genera, which cultivate a single highly derived species of higher attine fungus. Acromyrmex (56 species) Amoimyrmex (3 species) Atta (20 species) Note that the farming habits of Mycetagroicus (4 species) are unknown. Also, while species of Pseudoatta (2 species) are closely related to the fungus-feeding genus Acromyrmex, they are social parasites, living in the nests of their hosts and are not actively involved in fungus growing. ‎

Phylogeny

Atta	Atta mexicana Atta insularis Atta texana Atta cephalotes Atta colombica Atta robusta Atta sexdens Atta saltensis Atta vollenweideri Atta bisphaerica Atta goiana Atta laevigata Atta capiguara Atta opaciceps

Based on Barrera, C.A. et al., 2021. Note that only selected species are included.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• capiguara. Atta (Neoatta) capiguara Gonçalves, 1944: 234, figs. 1-6 (s.w.q.m.) BRAZIL (São Paulo).
  • Type-material: holotype male, paratype workers, paratype queens, paratype males (numbers not stated).
  • Type-locality: holotype Brazil: São Paulo, municipality of São Paulo, Jacuí, 7.x.1943, no. 6987 (J.V. Pupo Nogueira); paratypes with same data.
  • Type-depositories: DSVB (holotype); DSVB, FRRJ, IBSP (paratypes).
  • Combination in Atta (Epiatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 250.
  • Status as species: Gonçalves, 1947a: 209; Borgmeier, 1950d: 250; Borgmeier, 1959b: 372 (redescription); Kempf, 1972a: 27; Cherrett & Cherrett, 1989: 52; Brandão, 1991: 328; Bolton, 1995b: 75; Wild, 2007b: 30.
  • Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay.

References

• Albuquerque, E., Prado, L., Andrade-Silva, J., Siqueira, E., Sampaio, K., Alves, D., Brandão, C., Andrade, P., Feitosa, R., Koch, E., Delabie, J., Fernandes, I., Baccaro, F., Souza, J., Almeida, R., Silva, R. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 5001, 1–83 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5001.1.1).
• Barrera, C.A., Sosa-Calvo, J., Schultz, T.R., Rabeling, C., Bacci, M., Jr 2021. Phylogenomic reconstruction reveals new insights into the evolution and biogeography of Atta leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 47: 13-35 (doi:10.1111/syen.12513).
• Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 75, catalogue)
• Borgmeier, T. 1950d. Estudos sôbre Atta (Hym. Formicidae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz Rio J. 48: 239-263 (page 250, Combination in Atta (Epiatta))
• Borgmeier, T. 1959b. Revision der Gattung Atta Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Stud. Entomol. (n.s.) 2: 321-390 (page 372, see also)
• Farias, A.P., Camargo, R.da S., Caldato, N., Forti, L.C. 2020. Nest architecture development of grass-cutting ants, Atta capiguara (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64, e20200034 (doi:10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2020-0034).
• Forti, L.C., Rando, J.S., Camargo, R.D.S., Moreira, A.A., Castellani, M.A., Leite, S.A., Sousa, K.K.A., Caldato, N. 2020. Occurrence of Leaf-Cutting and Grass-Cutting Ants of the Genus Atta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Geographic Regions of Brazil. Sociobiology 67, 514-525 (doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v67i4.5741).
• Gonçalves, C. R. 1944. Descriça~o de uma nova saúva brasileira (Hym., Form.). Rev. Bras. Biol. 4: 233-238 (page 234, figs. 1-6, soldier, worker, queen, male described)
• Gonçalves, C. R. 1947a [1945]. Saúvas do sul e centro do Brasil. Bol. Fitossanit. 2: 183-218 (page 209, see also)
• Gusmao, L.G., Caetano, F.H., Nakano, O. 2001. Ultramorphology of the metapleural gland in three species of Atta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Iheringia. Série Zoologia 91: 33-36 (doi:10.1590/S0073-47212001000200003).
• Mueller, U.G., Ishak, H.D., Bruschi, S.M., Smith, C.C., Herman, J.J., Solomon, S.E., Mikheyev, A.S., Rabeling, C., Scott, J.J., Cooper, M., Rodrigues, A., Ortiz, A., Brandão, C.R.F., Lattke, J.E., Pagnocca, F.C., Rehner, S.A., Schultz, T.R., Vasconcelos, H.L., Adams, R.M.M., Bollazzi, M., Clark, R.M., Himler, A.G., LaPolla, J.S., Leal, I.R., Johnson, R.A., Roces, F., Sosa-Calvo, J., Wirth, R., Bacci, M. 2017. Biogeography of mutualistic fungi cultivated by leafcutter ants. Molecular Ecology 26, 6921–6937 (doi:10.1111/mec.14431).
• Sarubbi, H.J., Ramirez, M.B. 2020. Pest insects in natural and sown pastures of Paraguay. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 8(2) 158–161 (doi:10.17138TGFT(8)158-161).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Borgmeier T. 1950. Atta-Studien (Hym. Formicidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro 48: 265-292.
• Borgmeier T. 1950. Estudos sôbre Atta (Hym. Formicidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro 48: 239-263.
• Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.
• Fernández-Marín H., J. K. Zimmerman, and W. T. Wcislo. 2004. Ecological traits and evolutionary sequence of nest establishment in fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Attini). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 81: 39-48.
• Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
• Wild, A. L. "A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 1622 (2007): 1-55.